Über funktionelle Unterschiede zwischen Dünn-und Dickdarm—dargestellt an den verschiedenen Reaktionen der Darmschleimhaut bei Angebot von Lösungen nicht penetrabler Solute und steigender Osmolarität

Zusammenfassung Bei Instillation von Mannitlösungen steigender Osmolarität in durchblutete, in situ belassene Jejunum- und Colonschlingen von Ratten reagieren beide Darmabschnitte unterschiedlich.Während die durch Enterosorption binnen 30 min in das Jejunum gelangte Flüssigkeitsmenge 250% des Instillats ausmacht, beträgt der analoge Wert beim Colon nur 100%. Die enterosorbierten Mengen an Na⁺, Cl^– und Urea sind im Jejunum wesentlich größer als im Colon, da nicht nur die enterosorbierte Flüssigkeitsmenge größer ist, sondern weil auch die intraintestinalen Konzentrationen höher liegen.Zwischen den Ca⁺⁺-Konzentrationen im Jejunum und Colon bestehen keine Unterschiede, die K⁺-Konzentration ist im Colon höher. Bei Berücksichtigung der Wasserbewegungen ist die enterosorbierte Ca⁺⁺-Menge im Jejunum, die K⁺-Menge dagegen im Colon größer.Während der Versuchszeit — 30 min — erfolgt im Jejunum ein osmolarer Konzentrationsausgleich aller Lösungen mit dem Plasma, deren Konzentration kleiner als die 1,66 fache Blutisotonie ist. Im Colon stellt sich dieser Ausgleich auch für eine Lösung von 1,33 facher Blutisotonie nicht mehr ein.Die Colonschleimhaut verhält sich demnach so, als ob hier die Exsorption von Wasser, Na⁺, Cl^–, Ca⁺⁺ und Urea wesentlich stärker behindert wäre als die durch die Schleimhaut des Jejunums.Instillation großer Volumina stark hypertoner (ca. 2000 mOsmol/l) Lösungen, deren Solute nur schwer absorbiert werden können, führen zu einem so großen Einstrom von Blut- und Körperflüssigkeit in den Intestinaltrakt, daß Ratten in schwerer Exsiccose sterben. Dabei steigt der Anteil von Zellen am Blutvolumen von 48% auf 68% der Wassergehalt der geprüften Gewebe — quergestreifte und Herzmuskulatur, Gehirn — sinkt ab.     

Neoglycoprotein binding to colorectal tumour cells: Comparison between primary and secondary lesions

Summary Biotinylated neoglycoproteins are useful to determine the expression of sugar receptors (lectins) histochemically in routinely processed tissue sections. Assessment of the presence of distinct receptor classes with specificity to-galactosides and to- or-N-acetylgalactosamine, selected on the basis of their potential relevance for recognition processes within the metastatic cascade in murine model systems, was performed for a common human tumour type, colorectal cancer. The four different types of neoglycoproteins, derived from covalent attachment of commercially available derivatives of-N-acetylgalactosamine, differed only quantitatively in their capacity to detect specific binding on cultured cells and tissue sections, thus posing no major restriction on the choice of synthetic process for histochemical efficiency of the product. Glycocytological application revealed specific probe binding and a regulation of level of receptor expression for a human colon carcinoma cell line primarily forN-acetylgalactosamine-specific receptors upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation. Monitoring of sections of the 12 cases of primary and secondary colorectal lesions invariably disclosed the presence of the respective receptors, the extent of cell labelling in primary tumours and metastases being similar. Establishment of metastases, even in different target organs, is apparently not followed by a major phenotypic variation in this feature.     

Relations between the effect of tetanus toxin on the neuromuscular transmission and histological functional properties of various muscles of the rat

Summary Various doses of tetanus toxin were injected into three hind leg and two fore leg muscles of the rat. The neuromuscular transmission was tested by recording the mass action potential of the muscles elicited by a single electrical stimulus to the motor nerve after strong symptoms of local tetanus had developed. The muscle responses were depressed and blocked at lower toxin doses in the fast tibialis anterior than in the mixed gastrocnemius latemlis, while blocking of the slow soleus required the highest dose. The extensor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles showed medium sensitivity. In all five muscles the contraction time was measured and correlated with its individual minimal blocking dose. The more phasic (i.e., the faster) the muscle, the more sensitive its neuromuscular transmission was to tetanus toxin. The proportional distribution of red, white, and intermediate fibres, which are associated with specific end-plate types, was evaluated for the five muscles. The percentage of white fibres in the muscles displayed a very good negative correlation with the blocking dose. The relation between structures of end-plates and effects of tetanus toxin were analysed and it is suggested that the differences in sensitivity to tetanus toxin in the neuromuscular transmission in the five muscles is determined by a differential distribution of endplates with varying sensitivities to this toxin due to structural properties.This study is a part of a doctoral dissertation submitted by one of the authors (H.K.) to the Faculty of Medicine, University of Göttingen. Some of the results were presented at the 48th and 49th Congr. of German Physiol. Soc. (Kretzschmar et al., 1977, 1978) and at the 5th Internat. Conf. on Tetanus (Kretzschmar et al., 1979)     

核素显像评价电刺激对健康青年人小肠运动功能影响的试验研究

目的利用放射性核素显像研究十二指肠电刺激对人小肠通过时间的影响。方法12例健康青年志愿者,男女各6例,年龄21～25岁,中位年龄23岁。在胃镜引导下留置导管至十二指肠水平部,并安置电极,将99mTc-DTPA(二乙撑三胺五乙酸)和乳果糖混合液注入导管,用单光子发射式计算机断层仪(SPECT)进行连续小肠显像。择日对受试者进行电刺激,刺激条件:频率13Hz、波宽300ms、刺激强度5mA的方波,采用上述方法进行显像。使用感兴趣区分析法,生成小肠时间-放射性曲线,计算出小肠半排时间(T50),比较刺激前后小肠半排时间的变化。结果电刺激前后小肠平均半排时间分别为(49.5±15.8)min和(29.6±10.9)min,刺激前后T50变化有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论放射性核素显像能很好地反映小肠运动变化,十二指肠电刺激能明显加快小肠运动。     

CYTOLOGIC FEATURES OF ASCITES IN MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA OF THE COLON

The cytologic features of ascitic fluid in a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the colon are described. At autopsy, two solid tumor masses were found around the ascending and transverse colon, accompanied by about 3,000 ml of ascites. Tumor cells had infiltrated diffusely into the outer layers of almost all of the gastrointestinal wall, simulating peritonitis carcinomatosa. Cytologic examination of the ascites revealed various kinds of tumor cells; short spindle-like cells, multinucleated giant cells, and round cells with an invaginated nuclear margin, forming small clusters. These cytologic findings were considered to be very useful in the diagnosis of MFH, especially in cytologic examinations of ascites. ACTA PATHOL JPN 38: 921 ∼ 928, 1988.     

Action of ANG II and ANP on colon epithelial cells

The interaction of angiotensin II (ANG II) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on intracellular pH (pH_i) and calcium ([Ca²⁺]_i) was investigated in T84 cells (a permanent cell line derived from human colon epithelium) using the fluorescent stains BCECF/AM and Fluo 4/AM, respectively. pH_i recovery rate mediated by the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE) was examined following an NH₄Cl pulse. Under control conditions pH_i recovered at 0.114±0.005 pH units/min (n=35). ANG II (10^–12 or 10^–9 M) increased this value, whilst ANG II (10^–7 M) decreased it. These effects of ANG II were impaired by simultaneous addition of 1 M or 25 M HOE-694, indicating that the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of ANG II on pH_i recovery are mediated in part via the NHE1 and NHE2 isoforms. ANG II increased [Ca²⁺]_i concentration-dependently. ANP (10^–6 M) or dimethyl-BAPTA/AM (50 M) blocked the effects of ANG II on [Ca²⁺]_i and on the rate of pH_i recovery. Thapsigargin (10^–5 M) enhanced the effect of ANG II on [Ca²⁺]_i and reversed its stimulatory effect on the rate of pH_i recovery to an inhibitory one. External Ca²⁺-free solution did not affect the effects of ANG II on these parameters. These data suggest that the [Ca²⁺]_i increase induced by ANG II is dependent on intracellular calcium stores. They are compatible with the demonstration of two sites on the C-terminal of the Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger, one stimulating Na⁺/H⁺ activity by increases of [Ca²⁺]_i in the lower range (at 10^–12 or 10^–9 M ANG II) and the other inhibiting this activity at high [Ca²⁺]_i levels (at 10^–7 M ANG II). ANP or dimethyl-BAPTA/AM, by impairing the pathway mediating the increase in [Ca²⁺]_i, block both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of ANG II.     

Urofacial (Ochoa) syndrome

Between 1965 and 1986 we saw 36 children with enuresis and urinary tract infection in association with “inversion” of facial expression when laughing. Urologic work-up of these patients disclosed characteristic findings of mild neuropathic bladder in all cases, with severe urinary tract damage in most of them. The clear association of distortion in facial expression and neuropathic bladder with resultant damage to the genitourinary tract should prompt urological evaluation of individuals with “inversion” of facial expression. About two thirds of the patients also had moderate to severe constipation. We suggest the term urofacial syndrome for this disorder. The occurrence of the disorder in multiple sibs, normal parents, increased parental consanguinity, and equal sex ratio indicate autosomal recessive inheritance.     

体外不同比例再生肝细胞与结肠癌细胞的共培养

Objective To investigate the proliferation potential of colon cancer cells co-cultured with different proportions regenerating hepatocytes and role of the cell growth factors related to liver regeneration in vitro.Methods Active regenerating hepatocytes were obtained by collagenase perfusion in situ of rats models underwent 70% liver resection after 24 hours.Co-cultures with different proportions of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 were performed respectively.The proportion of hepatocytes to human colon cell line SW480 Was 10:1 in group A,1:1 in group B.There was only human colon cell line SW480 in group C(control group).Proliferation capacity was assessed with the percentage by 3H-thy incorporation.Concentration of epidermal growth factor(EGF),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)was analyzed by ELISA.Results There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in 3H-thy incorporation percentage,and concentration of EGF,IGF-land HGF after 24 hours' culture(P>0.05).3H-thy incorporation percentage(15.9±1.4,13.2±1.5),and concerntration of EGF [(722.9±55.4)ng/L,(498.2+41.5)ng/L]and IGF-1[(755.2±35.7)ng/L,(538.1±37.5)ng/L]in Group A and B were higher than that in group C after 72 hours(P<0.05).Especially the indexes above in group A were higher than that in group B(P<0.05).there was no significant difference in concerntration of HGF among the 3 groups after 72 hours(P>O.05).Conclusions These results imply that the regenerating hepatocytes contribute to the hyperproliferative state of co-culturing colon cancer cells.The mechanism maybe have relationship with EGF and IGF-1 high expression in colon cancer cells caused by growth signals coming from hepatocytes.     

花粉治疗功能性便秘的临床观察及机理探讨

本文报道用花粉胶囊治疗30例功能性便秘患者取得满意的临床效果。用放射免疫法测定功能性便秘患者的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及血清胃动素(MTL)，发现花粉能提高功能性便秘患者的血清SOD活性及血清胃动素含量，并对花粉治疗便秘的可能机理进行了探讨。     

结肠癌患者血清叶酸含量分析

以放射免疫法测定36例结肠癌患者血清叶酸浓度,患者血清叶酸水平低于对照组(P＜0.05).这表明血清叶酸浓度与结肠癌的发生密切相关.调整饮食结构,改善低叶酸状态将会在预防结肠癌方面产生积极作用.