The bronchodilator response to inhalation of increasing doses of aerosolized albuterol

Forty-four asthmatic patients were treated on separate days with increasing doses of albuterol in four double-blind studies that included placebo controls. Twenty-six subjects received one, two, four, six, and eight inhalations from a metered dose inhaler; 18 subjects received 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg delivered by IPPB. There was a significant linear relationship in both groups between the maximum increase in FEV1 and the log dose of albuterol. The response to four, six, and eight inhalations from the metered dose inhaler was significantly greater than the response to one inhalation, and the response to 15 mg by IPPB was significantly greater than the response to any other dose by IPPB. The results suggest that in many patients maximum possible bronchodilation is not achieved by customarily recommended doses.     

The sporicidal activity of glass bead sterilizers

Endodontic glass bead sterilizers were evaluated for sporicidal effectiveness. Small metal endodontic instruments contaminated with Bacillus subtilis spores were effectively sterilized when the instruments were exposed for 15 seconds at a temperature of 218 C. Nonmetal objects such as cotton pellets and paper points could not be sterilized because they charred and decomposed under the required temperature conditions.     

Corrosion of silver cones in bone: a scanning electron microscope and microprobe analysis

Sections of silver cones were implanted in tibial bone wounds in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of six rats each were killed at monthly intervals, and the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray microanalysis. The silver cones had corroded rapidly, but they were well tolerated by the tissues. Elements of silver, chlorine, and sulfur were found in the tissues adjacent to the implants.     

Influence of exercise on high-density lipoproteins

The effects of an intensive rehabilitation course on plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were studied in 40 men, aged 29 to 56 years, with ischemic heart disease. The exercise consisted of aerobic activities that induced up to 80% of the maximal heart rate during three 20-minute periods daily for 5 days a week; the program lasted 3 weeks. Significant increases were found in the levels of HDL and HDL₂ and their ratios to total plasma cholesterol. These changes were similar in nonsmokers of cigarettes and in men who gave up or reduced smoking during the course and contrasted with negligible changes in those who continued to smoke.     

淫羊藿苷联合地塞米松对人髓核细胞增殖及分泌表达的影响

目的  探讨淫羊藿苷（ICA）与地塞米松（Dex）联合作用对人髓核细胞（hNPs）增殖及聚集蛋白聚糖（Aggrecan）、II型胶原蛋白（Col2a）、IL-6、IL-8和基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-13）表达的影响。方法  取生长状态良好的hNPs按不同处理因素分为：control组（只含培养基）、ICA组（20μmol/L ICA）、Dex组（0.2μmol/L Dex）、ICA+Dex组（20μmol/L ICA+0.2μmol/L Dex）、IL-1β组（10 ng/ml IL-1β）、ICA+IL-1β组（20μmol/L ICA+10 ng/ml IL-1β）、Dex+IL-1β组（0.2μmol/L Dex+10 ng/ml IL-1β）、ICA+Dex+IL-1β组（20μmol/L ICA+0.2μmol/L Dex+10 ng/ml IL-1β）,各组作用48 h;CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖;Western blot、RT-PCR以及ELISA检测Aggrecan、Col2a、IL-6、IL-8和MMP-13表达。结果  CCK-8结果显示：与control组比较,低浓度的ICA（≤20μmol/L）和Dex（≤0.2μmol/L）单独作用均提高hNPs存活率但差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。然而,10μmol/L ICA和0.2μmol/L Dex联合用药对hNPs的存活率大于单独用药（P < 0.05）;Western blot、RT-PCR以及ELISA结果表明：与单独用药组相比,ICA和Dex联合作用促进Aggrecan、Col2a蛋白和mRNA表达（P <0.05）;另外,ICA和Dex联合处理抑制IL-1β诱导的hNPs炎症介质IL-6、IL-8的分泌表达（P <0.05）,同时降低MMP-13蛋白、mRNA水平（P <0.05）。结论  ICA与Dex联合作用对促进hNPs增殖、Aggrecan和Col2a表达有效果;同时抑制IL-1β诱导的hNPs炎症介质IL-6、IL-8和MMP-13的表达,为椎间盘退行性病变的药物治疗提供理论依据。

     

Efficacy of Antibiotic-Loaded Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composites Is Dependent on Adsorbability for Treating Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis in Rats

Osteomyelitis remains one of the most challenging disorders for orthopedic doctors despite the advancement of therapeutic techniques. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of local antibiotic administration using hydroxyapatite/collagen (HAp/Col) as a drug delivery system. We hypothesized that higher adsorbability of antibiotics onto HAp/Col will result in more efficacious activity and therefore, treatment of osteomyelitis. Eight antibiotics were examined in this study: amikacin, cefazolin, cefotiam, daptomycin, minocycline, piperacillin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. Aligning with their adsorbability onto HAp/Col, minocycline, teicoplanin, and vancomycin showed antibacterial effects up to 14 days after subcutaneous implantation in Wistar rats; while antibiotics with reduced adsorbability (cefazolin, cefotiam, piperacillin) had diminished antibacterial effects. Furthermore, when implanted into a rat femur, vancomycin levels from the Hap/Col were detected in the medullary space above the minimum inhibitory concentration for Staphylococcus aureus for 7 days, while cefazolin levels were undetectable. Aligning with these results, implantation of Hap/Col impregnated with vancomycin to the femur in an acute osteomyelitis rat model had a greater therapeutic effect than cefazolin, as measured by the number of bacteria, the extent of bone destruction, and bone regeneration. These results indicated that the adsorbability of antibiotics onto their carrier is important when locally administered and that HAp/Col scaffolds might be a useful antibiotic delivery system for osteomyelitis. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society J Orthop Res 38:843-851, 2020     

早期妊娠黄体的超声诊断

目的了解早期妊娠黄体的二维声像特点及彩色多普勒血流特征。方法采用经阴道超声检测148例早期妊娠4～12周孕妇的卵巢,观察卵巢内黄体的二维声像及彩色多普勒血流改变,检测收缩期最大峰值流速(PVS)、阻力指数(RI)及搏动指数(PI)。结果148例早期妊娠孕妇卵巢中二维超声检出黄体130例,辅助彩色多普勒超声检出黄体146例,黄体囊平均直径2.3±0.77cm。黄体的二维声像分为3种类型:实性低回声型68例(46.6%)、厚壁囊肿型63例(43.2%),薄壁囊肿型15例(10.3%)。黄体血流分布特征为沿黄体囊壁边缘环状或半环状血流,环状血流占67.8%(99/146),不连续半环状血流占17.8%(26/146),仅7.5%(11/146)呈单支条状血流。黄体血流的多普勒频谱特征为中速低阻力的血流信号,收缩期最大峰值流速为0.307±0.154m/s,阻力指数(RI)0.475±0.069,搏动指数(PI)0.675±0.141,血流速度及血流阻力不随孕周增加而改变。结论早期妊娠经阴道彩超可准确识别卵巢中的妊娠黄体,妊娠黄体具有特征性超声表现。