经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准量值传递分析

目的 建立经典名方当归四逆汤物质基准的HPLC特征图谱及指标性成分含量测定方法,阐明当归四逆汤物质基准关键质量属性,为后续复方制剂的开发奠定基础。方法 制备18批当归四逆汤物质基准,建立HPLC特征图谱,进行特征峰归属及相似度评价;测定指标性成分的含量,对物质基准进行量值传递分析。结果 18批物质基准的特征图谱的相似度均大于0.90,共确定19个特征峰,分别来自方中当归（峰4、5、19）、桂枝（峰10、11、14）、白芍（峰6、9）、细辛（峰1、3、13、15、18）和炒甘草（峰7、8、12、16、17）;各指标成分从饮片到物质基准的转移率分别为芍药苷78.47%～96.01%、甘草苷43.79%～94.62%、阿魏酸81.20%～131.24%、肉桂酸70.03%～106.75%、桂皮醛3.17%～5.50%、甘草酸31.08%～52.43%、细辛脂素9.63%～13.37%。结论 采用特征图谱结合多指标性成分含量测定对当归四逆汤物质基准进行量值传递研究,该方法科学合理,为当归四逆汤物质基准的质量控制及复方制剂的开发提供科学依据。     

复方阿胶浆质量标准提升研究

目的提升复方阿胶浆质量标准。方法基于中药复方制剂"整体鉴别"新模式,对复方阿胶浆中植物来源中药采用一板多鉴法,红参、党参使用同一供试品溶液、同一展开剂,采用对照品和对照药材双对照(红参使用人参皂苷Rg_1对照品和红参对照药材;党参使用党参炔苷对照品和党参对照药材)进行鉴别;熟地黄、山楂使用2种供试品溶液、同一展开剂,采用对照品和对照药材双对照(熟地黄使用毛蕊花糖苷对照品和熟地黄对照药材;山楂使用牡荆素鼠李糖苷对照品和山楂对照药材)进行鉴别。对复方阿胶浆中动物药阿胶建立L-羟脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸4种氨基酸含量测定。并采用一测多评法,以L-羟脯氨酸为内标,确定甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的相对校正因子并计算含量。结果建立了复方阿胶浆中植物药鉴别的"4-3-2-2"模式,即4味中药,3种供试品溶液制备方法、2种展开剂,2种对照物的双对照方法,斑点清晰且专属性强。建立了复方阿胶浆中动物药阿胶一测多评法含量测定,15批样品中L-羟脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的质量浓度分别为2.73～3.37、4.61～6.99、2.64～3.97、3.58～4.46 mg/mL。以L-羟脯氨酸为内标建立的甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸的相对校正因子分别为0.651、0.958、0.857。采用t检验、相对偏差法和Pearson相关系数法对2种方法的含量测定结果进行比较分析,15批复方阿胶浆一测多评法计算值与外标法实测含量值无显著差异。结论建立了复方阿胶浆中植物药来源中药鉴别的"4-3-2-2"模式。对处方中动物来源中药阿胶建立了4种氨基酸的一测多评法含量测定。通过"一板、一测",达到"多鉴、多评"整体药味质量控制的目的,科学合理地提升复方阿胶浆的质量标准。     

基于网络药理学方法赤芍-牡丹皮药对治疗中风作用机制探讨

目的:采用网络药理学的分析方法研究赤芍-牡丹皮经典药对治疗中风的分子作用机制。方法:基于中药系统药理数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)、药物与疾病数据库(Drug Bank)、赤芍-牡丹皮的疾病与化学成分靶点网络则分别由治疗靶标数据库(TTD)建立,而它的药效成分与靶点网络主要运用Cytoscape 3.7.0软件构建而成,并同时进行了网络拓补分析; 至于核心靶点对基因本体(GO)的功能富集则主要运用DAVID数据库完成,同时也对百科全书KEGG(基因组)通路的功能富集进行了研究。结果:网络拓补分析结果表明,最核心的药效成分可能为槲皮素、山奈酚、鞣花酸、黄芩苷,最核心的GO功能有活性氧代谢过程、脂多糖、核受体活性、细胞因子受体结合、细胞膜微区、囊腔作用等; 最核心的作用通路有VERF通路、Toll样受体通路、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)通路、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)信号通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶b(P13K-Akt)通路等。结论:本文基于网络药理学方法对赤芍-牡丹皮药对干预中风的作用机制进行了分析发现,赤芍-牡丹皮药对可能是通过VERF通路、Toll样受体通路、TNF通路、IL-17信号通路、P13K-Akt等通路协同作用发挥治疗缓解中风功效,上述预测结果可为赤芍-牡丹皮药对在中风治疗的药理作用研究及临床应用提供一定的理论依据。     

葛根标准汤剂制备工艺的优化

目的优化葛根标准汤剂制备工艺。方法以加水量、浸泡时间、煎煮时间为影响因素,3′?羟基葛根素、葛根素、3′?甲氧基葛根素、葛根素芹菜糖苷、大豆苷、染料木苷、芒柄花苷含量的综合评分为评价指标,层次分析法结合响应面法优化制备工艺。结果最佳条件为药材浸泡40 min后加9倍量水煎煮2次,每次35 min,综合评分为0.594。结论该方法合理可行,不仅可规范葛根临床使用、工业生产、产品开发,还能为其他解表药标准汤剂的制备工艺提供理论依据。     

不同产地白薇中C21甾体皂苷的含量测定

目的 建立白薇中蔓生白薇苷A及白薇C21甾体总皂苷的含量测定方法,并测定其在不同产地蔓生白薇中的含量。方法 以蔓生白薇苷A为指标,采用高效液相色谱法和可见分光光度法分别对蔓生白薇苷A及白薇C21甾体总皂苷进行含量测定。结果 蔓生白薇苷A和总皂苷含量分别在0.23~2.53 μg(r=0.999 7)及11.5~115 μg(r=0.999 1)内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.3%(RSD=2.68%)和99.7%(RSD=2.84%)。蔓生白薇苷A的含量以河南最高,山东最低;白薇C21甾体总皂苷则以山东最高,辽宁最低。结论 此方法简便、稳定可靠,便于对白薇药材进行质量评价。     

Phytochemical characterization,antioxidant potential,and health risk assessment of Radix Oryzae Glutinosae

Radix Oryzae Glutinosae (ROG) has been used as a traditional anhidrotic agent in China. Ten samples were systematically assessed based on four aspects of their chemical profiles and antioxidant activity. The former was achieved using ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV), infrared absorption spectra (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) fingerprints, and antioxidant activity was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assay, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The presence of amino acids, flavonoids, organic acids, and sugars was indicated in all samples. A hierarchical cluster analysis and a canonical discriminant analysis were introduced to interpret the results of the multi-pattern fingerprint. The results of the correlations between the individual elements and between each element with the different types of metabolites displayed many interesting patterns. In vitro studies revealed that all samples displayed antioxidant activities. A pollution status examination and heavy metal evaluation of the ROG samples were performed. The human health risk assessment associated with the intake of potentially harmful elements in herbs was calculated in terms of the estimated daily intake, the target hazard quotient, and the lifetime cancer risk. The Nemerow multi-factor pollution index results suggested that all samples belonged to the serious pollution level. The results of the noncarcinogenic risk assessment study indicated that the pattern of consumption of this herb in China seems to suggest an excessive health hazard associated with some toxic elements studied. The carcinogenic risk results suggested that there is a potential risk due to As, Cr, Cd, and Ni for consumers, and these may contribute to the population cancer burden through ROG ingestion. This study provides insights into the organic medicinal constituents and the trace elements of the herb. The results will enable this herb to be used more effectively and safely.     

大黄类药材的质量评价进展

大黄是传统常用中药材,其质量优劣关系到用药的安全性和有效性。本文对大黄性状及显微鉴定、薄层鉴定、化学成分评价、指纹图谱、分子鉴定等方面近十年研究进行归纳总结,并对今后大黄的质量评价研究方向进行展望,为大黄质量控制和进一步研究提供参考。     

Codonopsis lanceolata Extract Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6 Mice

Codonopsis lanceolata extract (CLE) has been used in traditional medicine in the Asian-Pacific region for the treatment of bronchitis, cough, and inflammation. However, it is still unclear whether obesity in mice can be altered by diet supplementation with CLE. To investigate whether CLE could have preventative effects on high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, male C57BL/6 mice were placed on either a normal chow diet, 60% HFD, or a HFD supplemented with CLE (60, 180, and 360 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. CLE decreased body weight and subcutaneous and visceral fat weights in HFD-induced obese mice. CLE group mice showed lower fat accumulation and a smaller adipocyte area in the adipose tissue compared with the HFD group mice. CLE group mice exhibited lower serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), glucose, and insulin compared with the HFD group mice. In addition, CLE decreased liver weight and lowered the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in HFD-induced obese mice. These results indicate that CLE can inhibit the development of diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia in C57BL/6 mice.     

丹参联合葛根对糖尿病眼病模型大鼠的协同作用

目的:研究丹参联合葛根对糖尿病眼病模型大鼠的协同作用。方法:腹腔注射链脲佐菌素-弗氏完全佐剂联合喂饲高脂饲料以复制大鼠糖尿病眼病模型。实验分为正常对照(等容生理盐水)组、模型(等容生理盐水)组、葛根(33 g/kg)组、葛根丹参(33 g/kg+33 g/kg)组,灌胃给药,每天2次,连续15 d。于电镜下观察大鼠眼组织形态变化。分别灌胃葛根(33 g/kg)、葛根丹参(33g/kg+33 g/kg),给药0、10、20、30、45、60、90、120、240、360、480 min时取血,高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中葛根素的血药浓度。色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-水(25∶75,V/V),检测波长为250 nm,流速为1.0 ml/min,柱温为25Ⅸ,进样量为10μl。以WinNonlin软件分析药动学参数。结果:模型组大鼠眼组织视网膜细胞萎缩,脉络膜血管增生、扩张、充血,出现新生血芽,内皮细胞核数目增多,给药后上述病理状态均得到改善,其中葛根丹参组改善情况优于葛根组。葛根素质量浓度在0.1⁸.0 mg/ml范围内与其同内标峰面积比值呈良好线性关系,精密度试验RSD均小于3%,稳定性试验RSD均小于4%,回收率在86.02%8.0 mg/ml范围内与其同内标峰面积比值呈良好线性关系,精密度试验RSD均小于3%,稳定性试验RSD均小于4%,回收率在86.02%⁹0.28%。葛根组与葛根丹参组AUC分别为(156.49±32.62)、(462.27±119.86)mg·min/L,cmax分别为1.426 5、1.986 2 mg/ml,t1/2kα分别为(9.62±1.59)、(10.07±2.11)min。结论:丹参与葛根配伍,可明显促进葛根素的体内吸收、分布,减缓其消除,促进葛根素在血液中的富集且能改善模型大鼠眼组织病变。丹参对葛根改善模型大鼠糖尿病眼病具有较好协同增效作用。