米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。     

脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的效果。方法收治前列腺炎病人532例。用南京亿高ECO—100型电脑微波前列腺炎治疗仪,经肛门途径发射脉冲微波,前列腺部位温度控制在41℃~42℃,每次持续45~60min,共七次。以显效、有效为判断疗效标准。结果17~25岁组显效47.93%,有效52.07%,26~45岁组显效52.06%,有效47.94%,两组有效率100%。结论脉冲微波经肛门途径治疗前列腺炎效果明显,有推广价值。     

Improvements in healthcare and cost benefits associated with botulinum toxin treatment of spasticity and muscle overactivity

Spasticity is a widespread, disabling form of muscle overactivity affecting patients with central nervous system damage resulting in upper motor neurone syndrome. There is a range of effective therapies for the treatment of spasticity (e.g. physical, anaesthetic, chemodenervation and neurolytic injections, systemic medication and surgery), but all therapies must be based on an individualized, multidisciplinary programme targeted to achieve patient goals. Appropriate therapy should be based on the extent and severity of spasticity, but spasticity and its consequences, regardless of presentation or cause, are commonly treated with systemic agents. This may be ill-advised as systemic treatment is associated with many undesirable effects. In particular, elderly patients with post-stroke spasticity are at risk from the central adverse effects of systemic medication (e.g. sedation and gait disturbance), which make them more susceptible to falling, with an associated increased risk of fracture. The rising costs of fracture care and its sequelae are fast becoming an international problem contributing to high healthcare expenditure. Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) treatment is highly effective for some of the more common forms of spasticity and muscle overactivity, and has a favourable profile when compared with systemic agents and other focal treatments. Therefore, the clinical benefits of BoNT-A treatment outweigh the apparent high costs of this intervention, showing it to be a cost-effective treatment.     

烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形综合治疗的临床研究

目的通过比较手术结合康复综合治疗方案与常规治疗方案对烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形的治疗效果,探讨综合治疗的优越性及经验。方法1999年6月~2004年6月,共56例烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形患者纳入试验。综合治疗组(A组)28例,男20例,女8例;年龄14~47岁,平均31岁;患手共47只129指,以手术结合系统康复治疗。常规治疗组(B组)28例,男17例,女11例;年龄18~51岁,平均30岁;患手共42只107指,采用常规手术,术后仅作简单的康复性锻炼指导,由患者在院外自己完成功能锻炼。采用Swanson法对患指运动功能进行评定,九孔柱试验法对患手整体运动功能进行评定,比较两组患者治疗前后手指和手整体运动功能的差异。结果A组患者术后均获随访12~19个月,B组患者均获随访13~20个月。治疗前A组患指的强直失能指数(indexofankylosis,IA)值为82%±20%,B组为78%±17%;治疗后A组为45%±13%,B组为52%±14%;治疗前后A组IA差值为37%±15%,B组为26%±15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前A组九孔柱测量值28.34±5.62s,B组为27.47±5.78s;治疗后A组为20.73±4.25s,B组为21.86±4.12s;治疗前后A组九孔柱测量差值为7.61±2.27s,B组为5.61±2.94s,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形采用手术结合康复综合治疗的效果明显优于常规治疗,值得推广。     

Islet Xenotransplantation: Are We Really Ready for Clinical Trials?

Four clinical trials of porcine islet transplantation have been reported, and there are verbal reports that clinical trials on much larger scales are continuing in centers in China and Russia. The four reported trials are briefly reviewed and, in the light of the present status of experimental islet xenotransplantation, consideration is given to whether such trials are currently justified. The Ethics Committee of the International Xenotransplantation Association has (1) emphasized the need for encouraging studies in non-human primates before clinical trials should be undertaken, (2) mandatory monitoring for the transfer of porcine microorganisms, and (3) careful regulation and oversight by recognized bodies. Other aspects of the topic, such as the need for informed consent, are briefly discussed. We conclude that, at the present time, more data documenting convincing efficacy, focused on clinically applicable immunosuppressive regimens, are needed to justify the initiation of closely monitored clinical trials. A clinical trial may then be justified even though the potential risk to the patients, and possibly for society, will not be zero.     

镍铬合金烤瓷修复体394件中远期修复效果回顾性分析

目的:了解镍铬合金烤瓷修复体的中远期修复效果。方法:对我科1995年7月～2005年3月具有完整病历记载并能正常复诊的312例(394件)镍铬合金烤瓷修复体的临床资料进行了回顾性分析。结果:镍铬合金烤瓷修复体3年以上成功率为96.2%,5年以上成功率为92.9%,牙龈炎症、松动脱落、瓷崩是镍铬合金烤瓷修复体失败的3种主要表现。结论:为确保镍铬合金烤瓷修复体的中远期疗效,应从适应证的选择、固位体的设计、基牙制备、烤瓷工艺等方面严格把关。     

KGF在乳腺癌的表达与临床意义

目的:探讨KGF蛋白在人乳腺癌的表达与意义,与临床病理因素及生物学指标的相关性。方法: 采用免疫组化方法检测KGF在63例乳腺癌组织中的表达,并与正常乳腺组织对照。结果:63例乳腺癌组织中34例肿瘤细胞表达KGF(54．0％),正常乳腺上皮细胞未表达(P<0．01),在乳腺癌间质细胞和正常乳腺组织间质细胞表达率分别为34．9％和16．7％(P>0.05)。其在肿瘤细胞中的表达与低分化相关,与ER、PR呈负相关,与Ki-67呈正相关,与Ki-67的协同表达与淋巴结转移正相关。结论: KGF在乳腺癌肿瘤细胞的表达可能促进乳腺癌的发生发展,并且与低分化、预后不良有关。     

间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂68例临床分析

目的:观察和评价间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗直肠黏膜内脱垂的临床疗效。方法:将68例直肠黏膜内脱垂患者随机分成两组,治疗组(36例)采用经间断纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗,对照组(32例)采用单纯硬化注射治疗。并对临床资料进行分析总结。结果:术后3个月随访,治疗组与对照组的症状、体征总得分比较,治疗组均优于对照组。结论:纵行缝扎硬化注射治疗后症状消除快,近远期疗效佳。     

小型移动数字成像系统下行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术

目的 :探讨移动数字成像系统GE OECSeries 980 0进行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)的可行性和安全性。方法 :回顾分析 32例应用GE OECSeries 980 0X线机进行PTCA治疗冠心病的临床资料。结果 :①本组病例成功率为 90 6 % (2 9/ 32 ) ,血管成功率为 88 1% (37/ 4 2 ) ,病变成功率 83% (39/ 4 7)。成功病例狭窄由术前目测平均直径狭窄(92 8± 3 5 ) %减少到术后的 (6 5± 4 2 ) %。②AMI溶栓后补救性PTCA成功率高。结论 :应用GE OECSeries 980 0X线机能够满足心血管病区心脏介入治疗的需要 ,是安全可行的和具有良好的成本 效益比     

Ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence – a multi-center clinical trial

Four hundred and twenty-three alcohol dependent subjects were enrolled into a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the safety and efficacy of the 5-HT₂ receptor antagonist, ritanserin (2.5 mg/day or 5 mg/day), in reducing alcohol intake and craving. All subjects received 1 week of single-blind placebo prior to randomization into the 11-week double-blind phase. Additionally, all subjects received weekly individual sessions of manual-guided cognitive-behavioral therapy. Comparing the single-blind period with endpoint, there was approximately a 23% reduction in drinks/day; 34% fall in the total number of drinking days/week; 22% decrease in drinks/drinking day; and a 37% diminution in alcohol craving for all treatment groups. All treatment groups experienced a beneficial clinical outcome as assessed by the Clinical Global Impression Scale. There was, however, no significant difference between treatment groups on any of these measures of alcohol drinking, craving, or clinical outcome. Subjects were of relatively high social functioning at baseline, and this did not change significantly during treatment. Treatment groups did not differ significantly on either medication compliance or reported adverse events. Ritanserin treatment was associated with a dose-related prolongation of subjects’ QTc interval recording on the electrocardiogram. These results suggest that alcohol dependent subjects can show marked clinical improvement within a structured alcohol treatment program. These findings do not support an important role for ritanserin in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Received: 30 April 1996/Final version: 3 July 1996