腹腔镜联合胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨联合腹腔镜、胆道镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床应用价值.方法 120例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者中56例经腹腔镜胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石T 管引流术(LCTD);64 例行开腹胆囊切除 胆总管切开取石T 管引流术.比较两组患者术后镇痛药使用、切口感染、胃肠道功能恢复情况及住院时间等.结果 两组均未出现严重并发症.开腹组术后切口感染率为12.5 %,平均住院(14.9±3.1) d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为(26.1±8.6)h; LCTD组未出现切口感染,平均住院(5.8±1.4) d,胃肠道功能恢复时间为(10.6±3.4)h;两组患者术后恢复情况比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05～0.01).开腹组术后发现胆道残余结石,经胆道镜取出.随访1个月至3年,开腹手术组2 例复发胆总管结石,LCTD组无结石复发.结论 与传统开腹手术相比, LCTD 具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短等优点,安全有效.可根据条件选择作为胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的微创治疗方法之一.     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Child-Pugh class C cirrhotic patients.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine whether laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe and advisable procedure in Child-Pugh C cirrhotic patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis. METHODS: The records of 42 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed between January 1995 and February 2004 in patients with Child-Pugh A, B, and C cirrhosis were retrospectively reviewed, focusing on the 4 patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis. RESULTS: Among the 38 Child-Pugh A and B patients, no deaths occurred. In this group, only 1 Child-Pugh B cirrhotic patient required blood transfusion, and postoperative morbidity occurred in 10 patients including hemorrhage, wound infection, intraabdominal collection, and cardiopulmonary complications (morbidity rate 26%). The mean postoperative stay was 5 days (range, 3 to 13). The indication for surgery in the 4 Child-Pugh C patients was acute cholecystitis. In this group, 2 deaths occurred for severe liver failure in 1 case and for sepsis in the other. One patient developed heavy gallbladder bed bleeding, and a second operation was necessary to control the hemorrhage. The morbidity rate was 75%. Only 1 patient had no complications. The mean postoperative stay was 10 days (range, 4 to 17). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a safe procedure in well-selected Child-Pugh A and B cirrhotic patients indicated for surgery, but it is a very high-risk procedure in Child-Pugh C patients. Indications for surgery in Child-Pugh C patients should be evaluated very carefully and surgery should be avoided unless the patient needs an emergency cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Child-Pugh C cirrhotic patients might better benefit from percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder.     

原发性肝内胆管结石合并胆管癌

目的 总结原发性肝内胆管结石合并胆管癌的临床特征、诊断方法、治疗手段及预后.方法 回顾性分析北京大学第三医院1958年6月至2011年3月收治的原发性肝内胆管结石合并胆管癌709例的临床资料.结果 709例原发性肝内胆管结石合并胆管癌20例(2.8％),获得随访17例,随访率为85％,中位随访时间2(0 ～15)年.胆管癌诊断前原发性肝内胆管结石病程15±11年(3 ～38年).有胆管炎的14例,其中重症胆管炎11例.合并肝脓肿12例,肝硬化或门静脉高压症15例.术前辅助检查提示合并胆管癌诊断的依次为CT、MRCP、B超、肿瘤标志物等.胆管癌的术前临床诊断率为55％ (11/20).行胆管癌根治术4例,姑息性手术7例,探查活检术6例,非手术治疗3例.根治术后1例失访,其余3例均存活,目前存活时间分别为1年1例,5年2例.姑息性手术7例,术后失访2例,存活时间1年2例,3年1例,5年1例.未切除者存活时间均未超过1年.结论 对于原发性肝内胆管结石病例有以下情况者应提高警惕,(1)病史较长、有胆管炎.(2)合并肝硬化.(3)影像学提示胆管壁增厚或肝内占位病变.(4)肿瘤标志物升高.这些提示发生胆管癌的可能性大.对这些病例应严格定期随访,以便早期发现,获得根治切除者预后较好.     

多镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石3780例

目的 探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合治疗肝外胆管结石的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性分析1998年3月至2010年6月兰州大学第一医院收治的3780例肝外胆管结石患者的临床资料,根据患者胆管结石不同位置和采用腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜的情况,将患者分为"一镜"、"二镜"、"三镜"治疗组;通过患者治疗后的影像学检查和随访结果,比较3组患者治疗的成功率和并发症的发生率.结果 "一镜"治疗组1425例患者,成功率为89.54%(1276/1425),并发症发生率为6.73%(86/1276);149例治疗失败,其中83例接受"二镜"治疗、66例接受"三镜"治疗."二镜"治疗组1792例患者(含转入83例),成功率为95.93%(1719/1792),并发症发生率为4.07%(70/1719);73例治疗失败(转入"三镜"治疗组)."三镜"治疗组785例(含转入139例)患者,成功率为99.75%(783/785),并发症发生率为0.26%(2/783);2例治疗失败患者选择开腹手术治疗.结论 腹腔镜、胆道镜、十二指肠镜联合应用治疗肝外胆管结石可以优势互补,明显提高结石取尽成功率,降低术后并发症的发生率.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of combined application of laparoscope and multiple endoscopes for the treatment of extra-hepatic bile duct stones.Methods The clinical data of 3780 patients with extra-hepatic bile duct stones who were admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from March 1998 to June 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the condition of bile duct stones,laparoscope,choledochoscope and duodenoscope were applied separately or combinately.All patients were divided into A,B and C groups.Patients in group A were treated by laparoseopy,choledochoscopy or duodenoscopy;patients in group B were treated by choledochoscopy+duodenoscopy.duodenoscopy+laparoscopy or laparoscopy+choledochoscopy;patients in group C were treated by laparoscopy+duodenoscopy+choledochoscopy.The efficacies of different treatment approaches were analyzed by comparing the results of imaging examination and follow-up.Results The curative rate and complication rate of the group A were 89.54%(1276/1425)and 6.73%(86/1276),respectively.Of the 149 patients in the group A who were failed in the treatment,83 patients were transferred to the group B,and 66 patients were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group B(including 83 patients transferred from the group A)were 95.93%(1719/1792)and 4.07%(70/1719),respectively,and 73 patients who were failed in the treatment were transferred to the group C.The curative rate and complication rate of the group C(including 139 patients transferred from the group C)were 99.75%(783/785)and 0.26% (2/783),respectively,and 2 patients who were failed in the treatment received open surgery.Conclusion Combined application of laparoscope and endoscopes could raise the success rate of stone clearance and decrease the postoperative complications.     

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目的 探讨尾状叶胆管结石的诊断和治疗。方法 对35例尾状叶胆管结石病人的诊治进行回顾性总结并随访,随访率为75%。结果 近、远期疗效较好,经术后胆道镜检查,取石后,仅4例发作胆管炎,5例结石复发,复发率为14.3%。结论 尾状叶胆管结石诊断较为困难。术中仔细探查及胆道造影十分重要;左右肝管切开,直视下取石及狭窄扩张是尾状叶胆管结石治疗的关键。     

腹腔镜下左半肝切除术

肝内胆管结石是指结石位于肝内胆管。这种疾病在西方不多见而易发于东亚地区,(肝内胆管中的)结石和(或)狭窄等因素使肝内胆管反复发生化脓性感染,不仅加重胆管的狭窄和阻塞,并加重肝实质的损害,导致肝纤维化,萎缩;感染急性发作时又易发生菌血症、感染性休克、胆源性肝脓肿、胆管溃疡致胆道出血,病变晚期则可发生胆汁性肝硬化、门脉高压症等一系列严重的后果。近年来,因为左半肝较容易操作的解剖位置使得腹腔镜下左半肝切除术在肝胆外科手术中很快得到关注,研究和临床经验表明左半肝切除术用于肝胆管结石症,兼具解除肝管梗阻(结石,尤其合并存在的肝胆管狭窄)和去除化脓性感染病灶的双重效果,有效地提高了肝胆管结石的远期治疗效果。     

氨肽酶N与胆石形成关系的临床及实验室研究

目的观察APN活性在胆石病人及致石饮食组动物胆汁中的变化并探索它在成石过程中可能起的作用.方法测定胆石病人和喂成石饮食动物(兔)的胆囊、胆管胆汁APN活性和酯质成分,探讨APN活性与胆汁CSI之间的相关关系.结果胆石病人和结石形成前兔的胆囊、胆管胆汁APN活性均显著高于对照组并与自身CSI呈显著的直线正相关.胆固醇结石病人胆囊胆汁的APN活性[(66.0±24.1)?U/ml]较自身胆管胆汁[(38.4±9.4)?U/ml]显著升高(P<0.05);且2者均明显高于对照组胆囊胆汁[(23.0±7.7)?U/ml](2者P均<0.05).致石饮食组动物和对照组胆囊胆汁的APN活性均显著高于自身胆管胆汁(2者P均<0.05);致石饮食组胆囊胆汁[(14.50±4.08)?U/ml]和胆管胆汁[(9.13±1.67)?U/ml]的APN活性同样均明显高于对照组相应的胆囊胆汁[(6.05±0.95)?U/ml]和胆管胆汁[(3.09±0.92)?U/ml](P值均<0.05).结论根据胆汁APN具有促成核活性与自身CSI呈显著正相关,提示APN可能参与胆石形成的早期阶段,而检测胆汁中APN的活性可能具有预测胆结石形成危险性的作用.     

肝胆管结石并发复发性胆管炎时择期手术处理的关键

目的 探讨提高肝胆管结石并发复发性胆管炎病人治疗水平的方法。方法 报告3例肝胆管结石并发复发性胆管炎病人的手术中发现及胆树的主要梗阻部位。结果 例1是右后肝管与右前肝管汇入左肝管横部的胆管变异致右肝管狭窄继以结石形成、右肝叶萎缩；例2胆树的主要梗阻部位是肝尾叶结石及右肝动脉对肝总管的压迫性狭窄；例3总肝管狭窄及嵌顿结石是主要的梗阻部位，并采用了相应的手术方式治疗。结论 掌握影像诊断如BUS、CT、ERCP、MRCP提供的资料，术中仔细探查胆道，加上术中胆道镜运用，消除与胆管炎密切相关的主要梗阻是手术处理肝胆管结石并发复发性胆管炎病人的关键。     

遵义地区胆石病临床流行病学调查分析

目的 探讨影响胆石病临床流行病学的相关因素,为临床决策提供科学依据。方法收集遵义医学院附属医院2000年1月至2009年12月收治的经手术治疗的胆石病患者5136例病历资料,制定胆石病临床调查表进行逐项填写,经计算机整理后用SPSS 13.0软件包进行统计,并将统计结果进行比较分析。结果胆石病男女比例1∶1.78,高峰年龄为41岁～及51岁～两个阶段;胆囊结石(4456例,占86.76％)和肝外胆管结石(554例,占10.79％)构成比例均较国内为高。结论胆囊结石是遵义地区胆石病的重要临床类型,且发病趋于年轻化;性别、饮食、职业与该地区胆石病的临床发病密切相关。     

小儿胆囊结石,回肠病变与胆囊畸形

本文报道１２例小儿胆囊结石，其中２例继发于回肠病变，２例合并胆囊畸形。男９例，女３例。年龄为３月～１２岁。大多数病例临床表现为胆绞痛、右上腹压痛与肌紧张及白细胞中度升高。腹部Ｘ线平片、静脉与口服法胆道造影以及Ｂ超发现胆囊增大与胆囊结石。其中胆固醇结石２７枚（９例），色素结石２２４枚（３例）。１２例中５例为脓性胆汁，其中２例细菌培养阳性。胆囊病理检查为：急性化脓性胆囊炎７例，急性坏疽性胆囊炎１例，慢性胆囊炎２例。作者认为，回肠切除后严重胆汁酸丢失与总胆汁酸地减少导致胆固醇饱和指数增高是发生胆石的原因。小儿胆囊畸形可引起胆汁淤滞与胆汁排空障碍，胆汁水分吸收，胆酸降低而析出胆石。