腹腔镜胆囊切除术与微创保胆手术治疗胆囊结石比较分析

目的对照观察腹腔镜胆囊切除术与微创下保胆手术治疗胆囊结石临床疗效、患者手术感受、术后并发症和治疗费用以及术后结石复发情况的差别。方法临床选用20例微创下保胆手术患者作为观察组,随机选取相同时间段20例使用腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者作为对照组,观察两组患者临床疗效、患者手术感受、术后并发症和治疗费用以及术后结石复发情况。结果微创保胆手术组患者临床疗效和手术感受与腹腔镜胆囊切除术对照组患者基本一致,两组患者在手术时间、费用、术后结石复发比例上有明显差异。结论腹腔镜胆囊切除术与微创保胆手术治疗胆囊结石患者均可达到很好的治疗效果,在有条件的医院可以逐步开展,但是目前不适宜最基层的外科临床。     

胆石症合伴腹腔肿瘤的诊治：附36例报告

目的探讨胆石症合伴腹腔肿瘤患者漏诊原因及诊断治疗经验。方法回顾性分析诊治的胆石症合伴腹腔肿瘤36例的临床资料,男24例,女12例,年龄48～82岁。门诊均以胆石症诊断入院。结果 36例术前明确合并腹腔肿瘤诊断的18例,术中明确诊断12例,术后5 d至3个月明确诊断6例,并再次手术,均获肿瘤病理学诊断。36例中包括胆囊癌5例(13.9%),胆管癌4例(11.1%),肝癌3例(8.3%),十二指肠乳头癌3例(8.3%),胰腺癌6例(16.7%),胃癌6例(16.7%),结肠癌7例(19.4%),直肠癌2例(5.5%)。2例放弃手术治疗,2例行介入治疗,32例手术治疗,其中18例行肿瘤根治性切除术+胆囊切除术和/或胆道探查取石术,4例行肿瘤姑息性切除及胆囊切除术和/或胆道探查取石,4例行剖腹探查术;另6例行腹腔镜下胆囊切除术和/或胆道探查取石术中误诊者,术后5 d至3个月再次手术行肿瘤根治性切除4例,姑息性切除1例,介入治疗1例。结论胆石症可能合并腹腔肿瘤,特别是合并消化道肿瘤,但其漏诊几率较大。胆石症术前应仔细病史采集,对症状体征不典型者和老年患者术前进行系统全面检查,术中详细探查腹腔脏器,及时发现可能存在的腹腔肿瘤,术后对"胆囊切除术后综合征"患者应严密随访,以避免漏诊及延误治疗。     

Utility of common bile duct measurement in ED point of care ultrasound: A prospective study

Background

Measurement of the common bile duct (CBD) is considered a fundamental component of biliary point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), but can be technically challenging.

胆道镜治疗术后胆道难取性残余结石

目的 探讨X线引导胆道镜经T管隧道超选择胆道造影方法及其对胆道残留结石介入治疗技术的临床价值.方法 在术后保留T管隧道的条件下,在X线机透视下精确引导胆道镜、导丝、导管、取石网篮等对疑难性胆道改变进行超选择性造影,并对胆道术后残留结石及胆道狭窄进行治疗的45患者进行分析.结果 7例胆管粘连性狭窄胆道反复行局部冲洗及扩张治疗后胆道通畅,2例疤痕性胆道狭窄行扩张效果不佳;7例胆总管结石并左右肝Ⅱ或Ⅲ级胆管多发结石1.5 h内顺利取出;6例左右肝胆管狭窄并多发结石1.0 h内顺利取出;6例肝左右Ⅱ或Ⅲ级胆管多发巨大结石使用液电碎石机碎石后取出,耗时2.0 h以上;6例左右肝Ⅱ～Ⅳ级胆管结石1.5 h内顺利取出;6例单纯胆总管结石30 min内顺利取出.3例左右肝胆管狭窄并多发结石因胆道狭窄未能取出;2例左右肝Ⅱ或Ⅲ级胆管结石因T管隧道出血未能取出.结论 X线引导胆道镜治疗术后胆道残余结石的方法具有易行性、科学性,能提高治疗胆道残余结石的工作效率和成功率.     

Giant stentolith: A rare complication of long-dwelling biliary endoprosthesis

Endoscopic biliary stenting is performed for various indications in routine clinical practice. Plastic stents are indicated primarily for short-term biliary decompression and require removal or exchange after 12–16 weeks. However, patients who become asymptomatic after the procedure may not return for scheduled stent removal and subsequently present with severe complications. We herein present the case of a 57-year-old female who underwent biliary stenting after the endoscopic clearance of bile duct stones. Her symptoms resolved after the intervention, but she was lost to follow-up with the stent remaining in situ. Four years later, she presented with pain in the right hypochondrium and experienced recurrent episodes of cholangitis. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed a retained plastic stent in the proximal bile duct with a large stone cast around the stent—a stentolith. Owing to the large stone size and proximal migration of the retained biliary stent, the patient required open surgical exploration for stentolith removal. Patients with forgotten biliary stents presenting with serious complications are not uncommon in India. Unaware of the complications of long-dwelling biliary stents, patients ignore the advice for the timely removal of biliary stents. Detailed patient counselling, education and documentation are essential to avoid this condition.     

Liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy can predict risk of cholelithiasis

BACKGROUND Liver fat accumulation is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol, which may be related to the development of cholelithiasis.AIM To investigate whether liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS) is a risk factor for cholelithiasis.METHODS Forty patients with cholelithiasis and thirty-one healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled. The participants underwent high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MRS of the liver at a 3 T MR scanner. The proton density fat fraction(PDFF) and R~2 value were calculated. Serum parameters and waist circumference(WC) were recorded. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PDFF, R~2, and WC values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant predictors of the risk of cholelithiasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of significant predictors.RESULTS Patients with cholelithiasis had higher PDFF, R~2, and WC values compared with healthy controls(5.8% ± 4.2% vs 3.3% ± 2.4%, P = 0.001; 50.4 ± 24.8/s vs 38.3 ±8.8/s, P = 0.034; 85.3 ± 9.0 cm vs 81.0 ± 6.9 cm, P = 0.030; respectively). Liver iron concentration extrapolated from R~2 values was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group(2.21 ± 2.17 mg/g dry tissue vs 1.22 ± 0.49 mg/g dry tissue, P = 0.034) than in the healthy group. PDFF was positively correlated with WC(r = 0.502, P 0.001) and R~2(r = 0.425, P 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only PDFF was an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis(odds ratio = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.22-2.62, P = 0.003). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of PDFF was 0.723 for discriminating cholelithiasis from healthy controls, with a sensitivity of 55.0% and specificity of 83.9% when the cut-off value of PDFF was 4.4%.CONCLUSION PDFF derived from high speed T2-corrected multi-echo MRS can predict the risk of cholelithiasis.