Overview of clinical application of chiropractic therapy in the past ten years

捏脊疗法是推拿常用手法之一,这一疗法具有简、便、验、廉的特点.近年来捏脊疗法临床应用的范围不断扩大,用于治疗的疾病已达数十种.遍及内科、妇科、儿科等各科及预防、保健、美容等方面,临床报道很多.本文收集近十年有关捏脊疗法的文献21篇,在分析了这些文献的基础上从捏脊疗法临床运用的角度进行归纳总结.     

Attitudes and behaviors of chiropractic interns toward occupational history taking

ObjectiveThis study uses a pre- and post-training program evaluation of chiropractic interns to (1) describe changes in their frequency of occupational history taking before and after a 1-hour training and (2) to document the attitudes and beliefs regarding occupational health and history taking.MethodsAll chiropractic interns at 1 clinic location completed questionnaires assessing their attitudes and perceptions regarding documenting the occupational history of their patients each trimester they were enrolled in the study. Each intern enrolled in the study for 2 or more trimesters participated in a 1-hour-long training session on taking an occupational history. The supervising clinician independently evaluated charting behaviors of interns for the duration of the study.ResultsThe supervising clinician assessed 20 interns'' level of documenting occupational history for 202 new patient or reexamination visits. A majority of interns (85% at baseline) were interested in occupational health, and 80% believed that occupational history taking was “very important.” Intern charting behaviors increased after training related to documentation of past occupation (62.9% from 32.4%) and relating the chief complaint to work (59.7% from 30.0%). Detailed occupational history taking remained low throughout the study but demonstrated a doubling in documentation after training (16.1% from 8.6%).ConclusionChiropractic interns and clinicians should be adequately trained in occupational health history documentation practices as they are likely to care for work-related injuries. Short training modules appear to be effective in demonstrating small changes in documentation related to occupational history taking.     

调脊手法治疗退行性脊柱侧凸症的临床疗效观察

目的:观察调脊手法治疗退行性脊柱侧凸症(degenerative scoliosis,DS)的临床疗效。方法:将2017年6月至2019年9月收治的120例DS患者通过中央随机系统分为治疗组和对照组,每组60例。治疗组采用调脊手法,隔日治疗1次,疗程4周。对照组采用盐酸乙哌立松片口服联合佩戴胸腰椎矫形(thoraco lumbo sacral orthosis,TSLO)支具治疗,每天3次口服盐酸乙哌立松片50 mg,每天佩戴TSLO支具不少于8 h,疗程4周。在病例筛选入组后,于治疗前,治疗后1、2、3、4周和疗程结束后1个月观察两组的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)。在治疗前和治疗后4周拍摄脊柱全长X线,测量并比较侧凸Cobb角,矢垂直偏距(sagittal vertical axis,SVA),腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)。记录治疗期间的不良反应。结果:两组治疗后各时间点的VAS、ODI评分与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001);治疗组在治疗后2周(P_VAS=0.025,P_ODI=0.032)和治疗后3周(P_VAS=0.040,P_ODI=0.044)的VAS、ODI评分与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,而其余时间点的VAS、ODI评分组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗组(P=0.010)和对照组(P=0.017)治疗后的Cobb角与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义,而治疗后的LL、SVA与治疗前比较均无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组治疗前后的Cobb角、LL、SVA组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗期间,对照组出现4例轻度不良反应,治疗组未出现不良反应。结论:调脊手法能有效缓解DS患者的疼痛和改善腰椎功能,见效快于口服盐酸乙哌立松片联合佩戴TSLO支具组,且安全性更好,并能一定程度上改善DS患者的Cobb角。     

Procedure Selection and Patient Positioning Influence Spine Kinematics During High-Velocity,Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulation Applied to the Low Back

Objectives

This investigation compared indirect 3-dimensional angular kinematics (position, velocity, and acceleration) of the lumbar spine for 2 different high-velocity, low-amplitude (HVLA) spinal manipulation procedures (lumbar spinous pull or push), and altered initial patient lower limb posture.

Relationship between craniocervical orientation and center of force of occlusion in adults

Objective: Clinical observation and anecdotal reports suggest changes can occur to dental occlusion following intervention with the National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association (NUCCA) procedure. This case controlled study discerned if occlusion changes are measurable using a dental force plate (T-Scan®) following an adjustment to the craniocervical junction (CCJ).

Methods: A degree of case control was established by active patients being assessed twice prior to and following intervention. Before–after intervention assessment included posture evaluation and dental occlusion (T-Scan®).

Results: Findings suggest that changes in posture and occlusion can be observed after the NUCCA chiropractic procedure. Not all patients demonstrated a more balanced contact pattern following the adjustment, indicating a need for further investigation.

Discussion: These findings may suggest interconnectivity between the CCJ and an individual’s occlusal contacts and support the need for further integration between chiropractors and dentists seeking to co-manage temporomandibular joint disorders.     

Researching the Appropriateness of Care in the Complementary and Integrative Health Professions Part 4: Putting Practice Back Into Evidence-based Practice by Recruiting Clinics and Patients

ObjectivesThis paper focuses on the methods of a single study, incorporating data from chiropractic clinics into an evidenced-based investigation of the appropriateness of manipulation for chronic back pain.MethodsA cluster sample of clinics (125) from 6 sites across the United States was chosen for this observation study. Patients with chronic low-back and neck pain were recruited using iPads, completed a series of online questionnaires, and gave permission for their patient records to be scanned. Patient records for a random sample were also obtained. The RAND staff and clinic personnel collected record data.ResultsWe obtained survey data from 2024 patients with chronic low back pain, chronic neck pain, or both. We obtained patient record data from 114 of 125 clinics. These included the records of 1475 of the individuals who had completed surveys (prospective sample), and a random sample of 2128 patients. Across 114 clinics, 22% of clinics had patient records that were fully electronic, 32% had paper files, and 46% used a combination. Of the 114 clinics, about 47% scanned the records themselves with training from RAND. We obtained a total of 3603 scanned records. The patient survey data were collected from June 2016 to February 2017, the provider surveys from June 2016 to March 2017, and the chart pull from April 2017 to December 2017.ConclusionsClinics can be successfully recruited for practice-based studies, and patients can be recruited using iPads. Obtaining patient records presents considerable challenges, and clinics varied in whether they had electronic files, nonelectronic records, or a mixture. Clinic staff can be trained to select and scan samples of charts to comply with randomization and data protection protocols in transferring records for research purposes.