The effects of percutaneous nephrolithotomy on renal function in geriatric patients in the early postoperative period

Since percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is a surgical intervention, it may show deteriorative effects on renal function in the early postoperative period. In this study, the deteriorative effects of PNL on renal function were investigated in the geriatric population, and it was compared to the non-geriatric population. A total of 711 patients [64 in the geriatric group (female/male ratio: 33/31, mean age: 70.4 ± 4.2 years), 647 in the non-geriatric group (female/male ratio: 267/380, mean age: 40.9 ± 12.7 years)] were included in the study. Demographic data, biochemical parameters, stone diameters, duration of the operation and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) were recorded both preoperatively and postoperatively. The eGFR ratio (post-/preoperative) was 1.13 ± 1.00 in the geriatric group, 0.98 ± 0.20 in the non-geriatric group (P < 0.001). Although the mean stone diameter was larger in the geriatric group than the non-geriatric group (10.08 ± 6.5 mm, 8.28 ± 5.54 mm, P = 0.037), the mean duration of the operation was shorter in the geriatric group than in the non-geriatric group (55.7 ± 13.6 min, 61.3 ± 20.9 min, P = 0.036). Hematocrit, hemoglobin, urea levels, and grade of hydronephrosis were not different between the groups. Renal function impairment is expected to be common in the geriatric patient population since they already have lower basal renal function. In the present study, the ratio of postoperative to preoperative eGFR was higher in the geriatric group. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, and urea levels and degree of hydronephrosis of these two groups did not show a great difference. The relatively short duration of the operation in the geriatric group and the diversity of perioperative and postoperative care of these two groups may explain the difference.     

Dissociation between cutaneous silent period and laser evoked potentials in assessing neuropathic pain

In this study we investigate whether the cutaneous silent period (CSP)—an inhibitory response evoked in hand muscles by painful digital nerve stimulation—is useful for assessing nociceptive pathway function in patients with neuropathic pain. In 40 patients with peripheral neuropathy (21 without and 19 with neuropathic pain) we recorded the CSP in the abductor digiti minimi after fifth digit stimulation and also recorded laser evoked potentials (LEPs) after stimulation applied to the ulnar territory of the hand. Although the LEP amplitude was significantly lower in patients with pain than in those without (P < 0.005), the CSP duration did not differ between groups (P > 0.50). Pain intensity correlated significantly with LEP amplitudes (P < 0.005) but not with CSP duration (P > 0.5). Our findings indicate that the CSP is not useful for assessing nociceptive pathway function in patients with neuropathic pain. Muscle Nerve, 2008     

Hyposmia and executive dysfunction as predictors of future Parkinson's disease: A prospective study

Olfactory deficits and executive dysfunction are early and common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that hyposmia can be a first sign of PD. The aim of the present study was to determine which of three olfactory tests and two selected tests of executive function would be the best predictor of future PD over a 5 year period. In a cohort of 361 nonparkinsonian, nondemented first‐degree relatives of PD patients, in whom alternative causes of olfactory dysfunction were excluded, we measured baseline performance on three olfactory and two executive function tasks. Five years from baseline, clinical neurological evaluation and/or a screening questionnaire, sensitive to the presence of Parkinsonism, were used to detect individuals developing clinical PD. Our results show that in first degree relatives of PD patients worse performance on each of three olfactory processing tasks was associated with an increased risk of developing PD within 5 years, whereas performance on selected tests of executive dysfunction was not associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Interestingly, impaired odor discrimination was the best predictor for future PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society     

腹部手术合并门静脉高压症患者围手术期腹水的处理

目的 探讨腹部手术合并门静脉高压症患者围手术期腹水的处理方法.方法 回顾性分析2000年1月至2007年7月93例合并门静脉高压症患者接受腹部手术的治疗结果.结果 本组术后共发生腹水21例.肝功能Child A级和B级患者同期手术的术后腹水发生率分别为7%和12%,肝功能Child A级和B级患者分期手术的术后腹水发生率分别为13%和17%,肝功能Child C级患者同期手术的术后腹水发生率则高达83%.肿瘤患者较非肿瘤患者并未增加术后腹水的发生率(P=0.21).结论 加强围手术期的处理,并正确掌握其手术适应证和时机.对于肝功能Child A级和B级的患者一期处理门静脉高压并不会增加术后腹水的发生率;对择期或限期手术者必须加强处理,尽量消减腹水以稳定病情.     

肝切除围手术期使用地塞米松保护肝功能的必要性及可行性研究

目的 探讨肝切除围手术期使用地塞米松保护肝功能的必要性及可行性.方法 以本科施行肝切除术的病人为研究对象,分成治疗组131例(使用地塞米松)和对照组125例(未用地塞米松),治疗组于手术当天,麻醉前静推10 mg地塞米松,术后1～3 d,每天静推10 mg地塞米松.在肝切除术前后不同时期检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、白蛋白(ALb)和总胆红素(TBIL),进行统计学分析.结果 术后1、3、7 d,治疗组的AST、ALT、TBIL均不同程度的低于对照组,术后3、7 d有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组的胸水、腹水等的并发症发生率低于对照组,但无统计学意义.结论 在肝切除围手术期使用地塞米松对肝脏具有保护作用.     

肝切除术前门静脉栓塞对围手术期影响的荟萃分析

目的：探讨肝切除术（有半肝、扩大半肝切除术）前应用门静脉栓塞（portal vein embolization,PVE）对病人围手术期的影响。方法：通过电子检索Pubmed、Medline数据库,对1986～2008年有关右半肝或扩大半肝切除术前行PVE病例的对照研究资料进行荟萃分析。结果：共纳入8篇文献．423例病人。荟萃分析结果显示．PVE手术组与单纯手术组比较,术前谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TB）、凝血酶原时间（PT）、15min吲哚氰绿储留率（ICGR-15）及肿瘤最大直径两组间均无统计学差异（19〉0．05）;术中输血、肿瘤Rn切除及手术时间两组间均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。PVE手术组术后感染的发生率显著降低（P=0．002）,但二者在术后出血、胆瘘、肾功能衰竭及术后住院时间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：术前行PVE不能提高肝脏肿瘤的R0切除率,但能降低术后感染的发生率。     

52例高龄肺癌病人的外科治疗分析

目的分析高龄肺癌患者围手术期的管理及其有效性与安全性。方法手术治疗的52例高龄肺癌患者,平均年龄75岁,行全肺切除2例,单肺叶切除33例,双肺叶切除10例,右肺袖状切除2例,肺楔形切除5例。行根治性手术48例（92.3%）,姑息性手术者4例（7.7%）。结果本组无围术期死亡,术后并发症17例（32.6%）,其中肺不张5例,肺部感染6例,心衰8例,室上性心动过速3例,心绞痛2例,下肢静脉栓塞1例,均经积极治疗痊愈出院。结论高龄肺癌患者在加强围手术期管理的前提下行外科手术治疗是安全有效的。     

甲亢性心脏病围手术期治疗体会

目的总结甲亢性心脏病患者围术期处理经验。方法159例甲亢性心脏病患者,术前心脏增大136例,心律失常78例,心肌受累31例,左室高电压16例,经充分的术前准备后行一期双侧甲状腺次全切除术143例,二期手术16例。结果无围术期死亡病例,129例(81.1%)获随访,平均随访时间30(18~54)个月,无心悸、气促,均能参加体力劳动。心电图检查:左束支传导阻滞1例,右束支传导阻滞3例,余均正常;T3、T4复查正常;X线复查13例左室仍增大,余恢复正常。结论在充分术前准备的前提下,甲亢性心脏病仍能安全地度过围术期,并获得满意的疗效。对于心功能较差的患者,施行二期手术不失于为一种明智的选择。     

电视胸腔镜辅助小切口行双侧肺减容术治疗重度肺气肿

目的:评价电视胸腔镜辅助小切口行双侧肺减容术治疗重度肺气肿的疗效,并总结围术期的处理经验。方法:回顾分析2006年以来为18例重度肺气肿患者实施肺减容术的临床资料,对比分析手术前后肺功能指标和动脉血氧分压的变化。结果:本组无手术死亡病例,2例合并急性呼吸衰竭。术后随访半年,平均第1秒用力呼气量增加39.2%,用力肺活量增加20.1%,残气量下降26.5%,肺总量下降23.1%,动脉血氧分压平均上升15.1%,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:电视胸腔镜辅助小切口行双侧肺减容术是经济有效的治疗方法,能明显改善重度肺气肿患者的临床症状和生理状况,增加活动能力。     

6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环的影响

目的 探讨6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4对患者硬膜外复合全麻诱导期肺循环血流动力学的影响.方法 26例肝胆外科手术患者,ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,年龄32岁～59岁,体重54 kg～73 kg,随机分为羟乙基淀粉(HS)组和复方醋酸林格液(RL)组,每组13例,硬膜外复合全麻诱导前分别输入上述液体7 ml/kg,于基础值(T0)、输液后10 min(T1)、诱导后5 min(T2)、插管后5 min(T3)、插管后10min(T4)和插管后20min(T5)记录患者肺动脉收缩压(PASP)、肺动脉舒张压(PADP)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP)、肺动脉楔压(PAWP)、肺血管阻力(PVR)、右室心搏作功(RVSW)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)等血流动力学参数.结果 两组患者中性别比、年龄、身高、体质量和体表而积均无统计学差异(P>0.05).与T0相比,HS组T1时,PASP、PADP、MPAP、PAWP和CVP增加(P<0.05),PVR值T1到T5时下降(P<0.05或0.01);HS组患者RVSW值T5时下降(P<0.05);两组患者RVSW值T1时均增加(P<0.05或0.01);两组患者HR从T2到T5时下降(P<0.05或0.01),T3到T5时MAP降低(P<0.05或0.01);与RL组相比,HS组PVR值T1到T5时降低(P<0.05或0.01),T2到T5时MAP明显高于RL组(P<0.05或0.01).结论 7 ml/kg 6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4能明显降低硬膜外复合全麻诱导期PVR,但对肺循环无明显副作用.