拉米夫定治疗慢性乙型肝炎及乙型肝炎病毒携带者的疗效评价

目的：观察拉米夫定对慢性乙型病毒性肝炎和病毒携带的疗效。方法：将92例病人分为治疗组50例，对照组42例，治疗组用拉米夫定100mg.d^-1。疗程52wk。治疗前后作肝功能。HBV－二对半HBV－DNA的测定。结果：治疗12wk时，治疗组与对照组ALT复常率的差异无的统计学意义（P＞0．05），但对于HBV－DNA阴转率，治疗组显高于对照组（P＜0．01）。治疗52wk时，治疗组ALT复常率和HBV－DNA阴转率分别为79．4％，74．0％，而对照组为46．9％和7．1％（P＜0．05），结论：拉米夫定能有效地抑制乙肝病毒的复制，是治疗慢性乙型肝炎的安全有效药物。     

不同剂量重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗对小鼠细胞免疫应答的研究

目的：探索不同剂量重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗对小鼠细胞免疫调节作用。方法：将HBsAg免疫Balb／C小鼠一周后取淋巴结制备淋巴细胞悬液，经HBsAg刺激培养48h后检测其诱导产生的IL-2、IFN-γ的水平，另一份细胞同样经HBsAg刺激培养56h后，用氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷(^3H-TdR)标记16h后检测T细胞增殖的水平。用不同剂量HBsAg免疫小鼠后，检测血清中抗HBsIgG2a的水平。结果：中、高剂量组小鼠产生的IL-2、IFN-γ、抗HBsIgG2a以及T细胞增殖的水平显著高于低剂量组和对照组。结论：一定剂量的重组(酵母)乙肝疫苗可上调小鼠的细胞免疫功能。     

母乳喂养不影响乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断效果

目的：比较不同喂养方式对HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿母婴传播阻断效果的影响。方法：HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿常规接种乙型肝炎疫苗或接受乙型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白联合免疫并随访。62例婴儿单用乙型肝炎疫苗免疫，21例母乳喂养，41例人工喂养；168例婴儿联合免疫，33例母乳喂养，135例人工喂养。结果：单用疫苗时1、3、6、12月龄抗-HBs阳性率母乳喂养组分别为4.8％、42.9％、57.9％、80.9％，人工喂养组分别为12.2％、26.3％、60.5％、73.2％；联合免疫时1、4、7、12月龄抗-HBs阳性率母乳喂养组分别为72.7％、75.8％、77.4％、90.9％，人工喂状组为77.0％、72.9％、76.2％、90.4％。单用疫苗时，母乳喂养组1例、人工喂养组3例免疫失败；联合免疫时，母乳喂养组无一例免疫失败，人工喂养组4例免疫失败，母乳喂养和人工喂养比较，差异均无显著性。结论：母乳喂养不影响抗-HBs产生，不增加免疫失败。     

Effects of Red Palm Oil on Serum Lipids and Plasma Carotenoids Level in Chinese Male Adults

Objective Effects of red palm oil on major plasma carotenoids, tocopherol, retinol and serum lipids were evaluated when used in Chinese diet. Methods Red palm oil group (RPO) composedof 20 male subjects(aged 18-32) and soybean oil group (SBO) composed of 22 male subjects     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞穿孔素的表达

目的：了解慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血淋巴细胞（PBL）穿孔素（PFP）的表达情况及其与疾病的关系。方法：用抗人PFP单克隆抗体，采用免疫组化染色法，观察慢性乙型肝炎患者PBL中总的PFP阳性细胞的百分率，结果：慢性乙型肝炎PBL中PFP表达与正常对照组之间存在明显差异，结论：乙型肝炎病毒感染慢性化与机体PBL中PFP的表达水平低下密切相关。     

Reed B. Bontecou, M.D.—His Role in Civil War Surgery and Medical Photography

This third article on the subject of Civil War injuries and their surgical repair is devoted to Reed B. Bontecou, M.D., a New York surgeon who contributed greatly to the use of photography to document the casualties of the battlefield as seen in the Northern as well as the Southern states. Photographs of the wounded soldiers helped to verify the severity of their injuries, and helped to determine the degree and amount of the post-war pension payments. These photographs were one of the largest sources which were used in the creation of the Otis Archives of the present-day National Museum of Health and Medicine in Washington, D.C. Some of the wounded soldiers' photographs in the Otis Archives demonstrate the use of plastic surgery techniques to repair the wounded face, head and neck, torso, and the extremities by only a handfull of Northern and Confederate surgeons including Gurdon Buck, J.S. Gouley and Henry B. Sands of New York City; H. Culbertson, U.S.V. of Madison, Wisconsin; J. Cooper McKee of Washington, D.C., W.W. Keen, Jr. of Philadelphia; and C.B. Gibson, P.A.C.S. of Richmond; S.H. Stout of Tennessee; and J.B. Bean, a dentist of Chattanooga [4].     

Bone marrow stromal-B cell interactions in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced pro/pre-B cell apoptosis.

Environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and related halogenated hydrocarbons are immunotoxic in a variety of systems. In a model system of B lymphopoiesis, PAH exposure rapidly induces apoptosis in CD43- pre-B and CD43+ pro/pre-B cells. Apoptosis induction by 7,12-dimethylbenzo[a]anthracene (DMBA) is dependent upon AhR+ bone marrow stromal cells and likely involves DMBA metabolism within the stromal cell. However, it is not known if PAH-treated stromal cells release free metabolites or soluble factors that may directly induce B cell death or if the effector death signal is delivered by stromal cell-B cell contact. Here, we demonstrate that supernatants from DMBA-treated bone marrow stromal cells contain an activity capable of inducing apoptosis in pro/pre-B cells cocultured with stromal cells. This activity (1) is not produced when stromal cells are cotreated with DMBA and alpha-naphthoflavone (alpha-NF), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, (2) is > or = 50 kDa, (3) is trypsin and heat sensitive, and (4) is dependent on AhR+ stromal cells, which in turn deliver the effector death signal to pro/pre-B cells. The results (1) argue against a role for a soluble, stromal cell-derived cytokine as the effector of PAH-induced pro/pre-B cell death, (2) exclude the possibility of a free metabolite acting directly on AhR- pro/pre-B cell targets, and (3) suggest the elaboration by stromal cells of a relatively stable, DMBA metabolite-protein complex capable of acting on other stromal cells at some distance. Collectively, these studies suggest that, while stromal cell products, e.g., metabolite-protein complexes, may affect the function of distant stromal cells, the effector death signal delivered by stromal cells to bone marrow B cells is mediated by cell-cell contact.     

Correlation between gene expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt), cytochromes P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and 1B1 (CYP1B1), and inducibility of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in human lymphocytes.

The relationships between gene expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt), cytochromes P4501A1 (CYP1A1), 1B1 (CYP1B1), CYP1A1, and the inducibility of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were determined in 32 cultivated human lymphocytes. Cytochrome P450 induction was performed by incubating lymphocytes with benzanthracene. The relative gene expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay. We found that gender is an important confounding factor for gene expression in cultivated lymphocytes. AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 levels in noninduced lymphocytes were significantly higher in female nonsmokers than in male nonsmokers (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 inducibility was lower in female nonsmokers. CYP1A1 inducibility was higher in male smokers than in male nonsmokers (p < 0.05). After controlling for gender and cigarette smoking, AhR levels positively correlated with CYP1B1 levels and CYP1A1 inducibility (p < 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Arnt levels also correlated with CYP1B1 levels in induced lymphocytes (p < 0.01). However, AhR levels were negatively correlated with CYP1B1 inducibility. These data indicate that AhR expression associates with individual variation of CYP1A1 inducibility and CYP1B1 expression in cultivated lymphocytes. Furthermore, gender and cigarette smoking are important confounding factors for gene expression levels in cultivated lymphocytes.     

7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced bone marrow toxicity is p53-dependent.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known immunotoxins and carcinogens. Our laboratory and others have demonstrated that metabolism of these compounds by CYP1B1 is required for carcinogenicity and immunotoxicity to occur. Previously, our laboratory reported significantly decreased bone marrow cellularity in mice following 7,12-dimethlybenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) administration. In addition, we have observed that DMBA causes apoptosis via activation of both caspase-8 and -9 in pre-B cells co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated the importance of the p53 protein in the bone marrow response to DMBA. Through the use of p53 gene knockout mice, we demonstrated that the effect of DMBA on bone marrow cellularity is p53-dependent. In addition, apoptosis of primary cultures of progenitor B cells cultured with bone marrow stromal cells and DMBA is also p53-dependent. The results of this study provide evidence for the importance of p53 in the signaling pathways by which PAHs cause immunotoxicity.     

不同表面活性剂对两性霉素B脂质体体内外性质的影响

目的寻找与DSPE-PEG功能相似的表面活性剂修饰两性霉素B脂质体，以增加其在体内的稳定性，改善其体内分布，降低毒副作用。方法用薄膜超声法制备两性霉素B脂质体；比较用DSPE-PEG，Tween 80和Brij 35修饰后两性霉素B脂质体包封率、粒径分布、稳定性及组织分布的变化。结果两性霉素B脂质体的包封率最高为（91.2±1.6）％。修饰后的两性霉素B脂质体包封率提高，粒径减小，稳定性增加，肝、脾和肾中两性霉素B的浓度降低，脑中AmB的浓度提高。结论DSPE-PEG和Brij 35能提高脂质体逃避网状内皮系统吞噬的能力；Tween 80能增加两性霉素B在大鼠脑组织中的分布。