急性混配农药中毒的临床研究

目的 了解急性混配农药中毒的临床表现特点,以提高混配农药中毒的诊治水平。方法 1996－2000年在农药中毒高发地区的6个县市级医院,按统一观察表格和检查的要求,对急性农药中毒患者进行临床观察和诊治研究。结果 共收治急性混配农药中毒（混配组）156例和急性单剂农药中毒（单剂组）115例。混配组中,含有机磷杀虫剂（OP）的混配中毒150例,含氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂（CB）不含OP的混配中毒6例。单剂组中,OP中毒109例,CB中毒6例。混配和单剂组患者 急性胆碱能兴奋或危象为主要临床表现,以头晕、乏力、多汗、流涎、恶心、呕吐、瞳孔缩小、肌束震颤多见,重者出现昏迷、肺部湿Luo音、大小便失禁;两组全血ChE活力均下降,范围分别为7％－73％和5％－70％。在急性中毒1－4天胆碱能危象基本控制后,含OP的混配组中6例以及OP单剂组9例出现屈颈肌与四肢近端肌肉及脑神经支配的肌肉无力,其中混配组4例及单剂组6例尚出现呼吸肌无力。参照相关诊断标准及分级建议,混配组分别诊断急性轻度、中度和重度混配农药中毒61例、67例和28例,其中合并轻型中间期肌无力综合征（IMS）2例、重型IMS4例;单剂组分别诊断急性轻度、中度和重度单剂农药中毒29例、35例和51例,其中合并轻型IMS3例、重型IMS6例。经彻底洗胃和清洗污染的皮肤,给予解毒药阿托品和氯解磷定、碘解磷定以及对症和支持治疗,除7例（OP＋OP3例,OP单剂4例）急性重度口中毒患者死于呼吸衰竭外,余264例均痊愈出院。结论 含ChE抑制剂类杀虫剂的混配农药中毒之临床表现、诊断和治疗与急性OP中毒基本相同。     

复配杀虫制剂与消毒剂混合对卫生害虫的杀灭效果影响

〔目的〕研究杀虫剂与消毒剂的混合制剂对卫生害虫的杀灭效果。〔方法〕选择不同配方的杀虫剂复配后和含氯消毒剂混合,测定杀虫剂复配制剂与混合制剂对常见卫生害虫成虫的半数击倒时间(KT50)及对卫生害虫幼虫的半数致死浓度(LC50),并进行统计分析。〔结果〕复配杀虫剂(溴氰菊酯5%,氯菊酯15%,阿维菌素0.08%,戊唑醇0.6%,均为体积分数)与含氯消毒剂混合后对卫生害虫有着较好的杀灭效果。〔结论〕针对口岸卫生处理对象的复杂性,混合制剂有助于提高口岸卫生处理效果,兼具良好的消毒和杀虫功效。     

Carcinogenic risk of heterocyclic amines in combination – Assessment with a liver initiation model

Carcinogenic potential of heterocyclic amines (HCAs) was investigated using an in vivo 5-week initiation assay with quantitative evaluation of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. Numbers of GST-P positive foci were significantly increased with individual administration of six different HCAs, indicating utility of the assay. It was therefore applied to investigate risk with multiple HCAs in combination. Unexpectedly, concomitant treatment with 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) did not result in any additive carcinogenicity. In the rats taking MeIQx prior to PhIP the value was almost equal to the sum total of individual data, indicating additive initiation activities. In contrast, simultaneous or prior administration of PhIP rather exerted inhibitory effects on the carcinogenic potential of MeIQx. Moreover, microarray and quantitative RT-PCR assessment revealed that PhIP induced cytochrome P450 1A1, responsible for both activation and detoxification of HCAs, more strongly than MeIQx. It is noteworthy that complex exposure to multiple HCAs is not necessarily associated with increased risk of carcinogenesis because they are simultaneously and continuously ingested under normal circumstances.     

养胃合剂粗多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察养胃合剂复方多糖提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法建立小鼠环磷酰胺(CTX)免疫抑制模型,观察养胃合剂多糖提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果养胃合剂多糖能提高CTX致免疫抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率,可促进溶血素形成,促进淋巴细胞转化。结论养胃合剂多糖有免疫促进作用,可对抗环磷酰胺的免疫抑制作用。     

咽痛灵合剂的薄层色谱鉴别方法研究

目的鉴别咽痛灵合剂中的一枝黄花、土牛膝。方法采用薄层色谱法。结果建立简便、灵敏、可靠的薄层色谱(TLC)法。结论可用于该品质量控制。     

Study on the Efficacy and Safety of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂) in Treating Hemophilia

Objective: To observe the effect of Xueyou Mixture (血友合剂, XYM) on blood coagulation factors and its safety in treating hemophilia. Methods: To the randomly selected 65 inpatients of hemophilia, XYM was administered accompanied with intravenous dripping of liver cell growth factor 60-100 mg once a day to protect the liver, with no blood products like concentrated Ⅷ and FⅨ factors or blood plasma given. The treatment lasted for 3 weeks. The short-term efficacy and adverse reactions were observed. The long-term efficacy in patients was observed in a follow-up study of 6-12 months after they were discharged from the hospital but continuously took XYM orally. Results: The short-term markedly effective rate in the patients was 95.38% (62/65). After they were treated for 3 weeks, the level of FⅧ factor activity increased in 56 patients of type A from (3.32 ± 2.21) % to (4.18 ± 2.23) %, and in 9 of type B from (4.92 ± 1.81) % to (5.64 ± 1.96) %. Compared with that before treatment, the difference was significant in both of them (P＜0.01). No obvious adverse reaction was found in the treatment period.The follow-up study showed that in 22 patients of type A, the FⅧ factor activity ratio increased from (3.25±2.11) % to (6.31 ±2.16) %, (8.36±1.05) %, and (16.38±2.71) % in the 2nd, 3rd and 6th month after discharge respectively, all showing significant difference to that before treatment (P＜0.01); and in 4 patients of type B, it increased from (4.15 ± 2.26) % to 7.8% and 11.6% (mean value) in the 2nd and 6th month respectively. Conclusion: XYM could raise the activity of factors Ⅷ and Ⅸ in patients with hemophilia, and the degree of the rise is related with the duration of the therapy, with no obvious adverse reaction, which strikes out a new path and new train of thinking for the treatment of the disease by nonblood preparation.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定逍遥冲剂中芍药甙的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定了逍遥冲剂中药芍药甙的含量。以Ｃ１８化学键合硅胶为固定相,甲醇－水为流动相,ＵＶ检测波长２３０ｍｍ进行测定。方法的平均加标回收率为９８．３７％;５次独立测定的相对标准差ＲＳＤ为０．９５％。芍药甙在０．２－１．０μｇ范围内,浓度与吸收面积值呈良好的线性关系,结果准确,重复性好。     

Estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching models using bridge sampling techniques

Summary This paper discusses the problem of estimating marginal likelihoods for mixture and Markov switching model. Estimation is based on the method of bridge sampling ( Meng and Wong 1996 ; Statistica Sinica11, 552–86.) where Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) draws from the posterior density are combined with an i.i.d. sample from an importance density. The importance density is constructed in an unsupervised manner from the MCMC draws using a mixture of complete data posteriors. Whereas the importance sampling estimator as well as the reciprocal importance sampling estimator are sensitive to the tail behaviour of the importance density, we demonstrate that the bridge sampling estimator is far more robust. Our case studies range from computing marginal likelihoods for a mixture of multivariate normal distributions, testing for the inhomogeneity of a discrete time Poisson process, to testing for the presence of Markov switching and order selection in the MSAR model.     

柴胡止血液对置含铜IUD家兔宫腔液PGI_2和TXB_2含量的影响

为探讨柴胡止血液治疗宫内节育器所致子宫异常出血的作用机理,采用放射免疫法对照观察了柴胡止血液对置含铜宫内节育器(TCuIUD)家兔子宫宫腔冲洗液前列环素(PGF_(1α))和血栓素(TXB_2)含量的影响。结果表明置 TCuIUD后家兔子宫宫腔液中PGF_(1α)含量较未置器对照组明显增高(P<0.01),而TXB_2含量则明显降低(P<0.01),PGF_(1α)/TXB_2比值亦显著高于对照组(P<0.01);经柴胡止血液治疗后,家兔子宫宫腔冲洗液中PGF_(1α)含量与置器对照组比较明显降低(P<0.01),TXB_2含量则明显升高(P<0.01),PGF_(1α)/TXB_2比值亦趋于正常(与置器组比较,P<0.01;与对照组比较,P>0.05)。提示柴胡止血液对置TCuIUD家兔宫腔液的前列环素含量具有较强的调整作用,能使明显升高的PGF_(1α)及明显降低的TXB_2恢复正常,从对抗前列环素的角度阐明了柴胡止血液具有治疗IUD所致子宫出血的作用。     

炙甘草合剂中甘草酸含量测定

目的：控制炙甘草合剂的质量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定甘草酸的含量。结果：分离度好，含量测定线性范围0．23-1．85μg（r=0．9999），平均回收率96．6％，相对标准差（RSD）0．17％（n=6）。结论：方法简便、准确、重现性好。