大枣的化学成分

目的：对大枣的化学成分进行研究。方法：采用硅胶柱层析及聚酰胺柱层析等色谱技术分离并纯化化合物,根据理化性质及波谱技术鉴定其结构。结果：从大枣的水提取物和乙醇提取物中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为：（2S,3S,4R,8E）-2-[（2’-R）-2’-羟基二十四烷酰胺]18．十八烯-1,3,4-三醇（1）、1-O-β—D-吡喃葡萄糖-（2S,3S,4R,8E）-2-[（2’R）-2’-羟基二十四烷酰胺]8-十八烯-1,3,4-三醇（2）、2α-羟基齐墩果酸（3）、2α-羟基乌苏酸（4）、3β,6β豆甾烷-4-烯-3,6-二醇（5）、伊谷甾醇（6）、胡萝卜苷（7）、十七烷酸（8）、二十四烷酸（9）、芦丁（10）、D-葡萄糖（11）。结论：化合物1和2为首次从枣属植物中分得的神经酰胺及脑苷脂类化合物,化合物4、5、8和9为首次从该植物中分得。     

Cytotoxic and COX-2 inhibitory constituents from the aerial parts ofAralia cordata

Three diterpenes (1, 8, and 9), three triterpenes (3, 4, and 7), one saponin (11), four sterols (2, 5, 6, and 12), and one cerebroside (10) were isolated from the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of Aralia cordata by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were identified by comparing their physicochemical and spectral data with those published in literatures. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against L1210, K562, and LLC tumor cell lines using MTT assay. Of which, 3beta,5alpha-dihydroxy-6beta-methoxyergosta-7,22-diene (6) showed a potent cytotoxicity against all cell lines with IC50 values of 11.7, 11.9, and 15.1 microM, respectively, while compounds 1, 5, and 11 showed a moderate or weak cytotoxicity. These isolates were also examined for their inhibitory activity against COX-1 and COX-2. Although most compounds, except for 2, 10, and 12, showed a strong inhibitory activity against COX-1, they exhibited a moderate or weak inhibitory activity against COX-2.     

Cerebrosides and terpene glycosides from the root of<Emphasis Type="Italic">aster scaber</Emphasis>

Three cerebrosides 2, 3, and 5 and two terpene glycosides 1 and 4 have been isolated from the methanol extract of the root of Aster scaber. Their structures were determined as 3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-oleanolic acid methyl ester (1), (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z, 15'Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-15'-tetracosenoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (2), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8Z)-N-octadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (3), 1alpha-hydroxy-6beta-O-beta-D-glucosyl-eudesm-3-ene (4), and (2S, 3S, 4R, 2'R, 8Z)-N-2'-hydroxy-hexadecanoyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine (5) on the basis of spectroscopic methods.     

A new cerebroside, Asperiamide A, from the marine fungus Asperillus sp

A new cerebroside, asperiamide A (1), and adenosine were produced from a marine fungus, identified as Asperillus sp., collected in the Mei Zhou Gulf, China. Two-dimensional NMR methods, FAB-MS, were used to established the structure of the new compound.     

脑苷肌肽注射液治疗急性缺血性卒中的多中心随机、对照研究

目的观察凯洛欣(脑苷肌肽注射液)治疗急性缺血性卒中的有效性和安全性。方法选择401例符合诊断标准的颈内动脉系统急性脑梗死患者,按中心随机方案分成2组:治疗组210例,给予凯洛欣静脉滴注(12ml/d,14d);对照组191例,给予丹参酮IIA磺酸钠注射液静脉滴注(20ml/d,14d)。观察治疗前、治疗后第7、14d的神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、Barthel指数(BI)、实验室生化指标、不良反应等指标及3个月的改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分及临床疗效。结果与对照组相比,治疗14d后治疗组NIHSS评分及BI评分明显改善(NIHSS评分:治疗组及对照组分别为4.13±3.56分及6.27±8.52分,P<0.05;BI评分:治疗组及对照组分别为74.16±23.26分及66.48±23.47分,P<0.05)。90d治疗组(n=183例)有效率91.25%,对照组(n=147例)有效率82.99%,治疗组有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗组90d的生活能力明显改善(P<0.01)。治疗前后治疗组及对照组的生化指标均无明显变化,未发现与凯洛欣相关的严重不良反应。结论凯洛欣治疗缺血性卒中有效、安全。     

川蛭通络胶囊联合复方脑肽节苷脂治疗急性脑梗死恢复期的临床研究

目的 探讨川蛭通络胶囊联合复方脑肽节苷脂注射液治疗急性脑梗死恢复期的临床疗效。方法 选择郑州大学第五附属医院2022年1—12月收治的100例急性脑梗死恢复期患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组(50例)和治疗组(50例)。对照组静脉滴注复方脑肽节苷脂注射液,20 mL与300 mL生理盐水混合,1次/d。在对照组基础上,治疗组口服川蛭通络胶囊,0.5 g/次,3次/d。两组均持续治疗2周。比较两组的临床疗效、量表评分、血液流变学指标、神经细胞因子和血管内皮功能。结果 治疗组的总有效率(92.00%)高于对照组的总有效率(76.00%,P<0.05)。治疗后,两组美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分显著下降,日常生活能力量表评分(ADL)评分显著升高(P<0.05),且治疗组NIHSS评分、ADL评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者红细胞沉降率、红细胞压积、全血黏度、血小板黏附率均显著下降(P<0.05),且治疗组红细胞沉降率、红细胞压积、全血黏度、血小板黏附率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平...     

Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis and metachromasia

Summary Two cases of neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis are described. They presented in the white matter granular material which stained metachromatically with toluidine blue in paraffin sections. The origin of this material is discussed.     

A sphingolipid and tyrosinase inhibitors from the fruiting body of<Emphasis Type="Italic">phellinus linteus</Emphasis>

This paper for the first time reports the isolation of 5 compounds from Phellinus linteus. A sphingolipid (1) and two tyrosinase inhibitory compounds (2, 3) along with two carboxylic acids (4, 5), were isolated from the fruiting body of Phellinus linteus (Berk & Curt) Aoshima. The structure of compound 1 was identified as 1-omicron-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8E)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-9-methyl-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, known as cerebroside B, based on spectroscopic methods such as 1 D and 2D NMR as well as by acid hydrolysis. Compounds 2 -5 were identified as protocatechualdehyde (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) (3), succinic acid (4), and fumaric acid (5) based on the spectroscopic evidence. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited the oxidation of L-tyrosine catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase with an IC50 of 0.40 and 90.8 microg/mL, respectively. The inhibitory kinetics, which were analyzed by the Lineweaver-Burk plots, were found to be competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors with a Ki of 1.1 microM and 1.4 mM, respectively.     

复方脑肽节苷脂联合多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默症的临床研究

目的探讨复方脑肽节苷脂联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默症患者的临床疗效。方法选取2016年7月—2017年7月在首都医科大学附属北京康复医院治疗的阿尔茨海默症患者105例,随机分成对照组(52例)和治疗组(53例)。对照组患者口服盐酸多奈哌齐片,1片/次,1次/d。治疗组患者在对照组的基础上静脉滴注复方脑肽节苷脂注射液,10 m L加入300 m L生理盐水,1次/d。两组患者均治疗2周。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者精神状态、生活自理能力、阿尔茨海默相关的神经丝蛋白(AD7C-NTP)和tau蛋白水平。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为78.85%和94.34%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者MMSEE评分和BI指数均显著升高(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组患者精神状态和生活自理能力明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者AD7c-NTP和tau蛋白水平均显著降低(P0.05),且治疗后治疗组患者AD7c-NTP和tau蛋白水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论复方脑肽节苷脂联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默症患者疗效显著,安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Cerebroside D, a glycoceramide compound, improves experimental colitis in mice with multiple targets against activated T lymphocytes

In the present paper, we aimed to examine the novel effects of cerebroside D, a glycoceramide compound, on murine experimental colitis. Cerebroside D significantly reduced the weight loss, mortality rate and alleviated the macroscopic and microscopic appearances of colitis induced by dexran sulfate sodium. This compound also decreased the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-1β in intestinal tissue of mice with experimental colitis in a concentration-dependent manner, accompanied with markedly increased serum level of IL-10. Cerebroside D inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of T cells activated by concanavalin A or anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 antibodies. The compound did not show an effect on naive lymphocytes but prevented cells from entering S phase and G2/M phase during T cells activation. Moreover, the treatment of cerebroside D led to apoptosis of activated T cells with the cleavage of caspase 3, 9, 12 and PARP. These results showed multiple effects of cerebroside D against activated T cells for a novel approach to treatment of colonic inflammation.