GLICOPROTEIN (GP) IIb/IIIa INHIBITORS FOR ACUTE STROKE TREATMENT

The benefit of antiplatelet therapy remains unclear, although it does appear that aspirin monotherapy started within 48 hours of stroke onset may result in a modest clinical improvement. Glicoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists are currently considered the most powerful specific inhibitors of platelet activation in acute thrombosis. Glicoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy could merit a prominent role also in the initial management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Abciximab may be promising in this setting and should be evaluated in further clinical trials.     

脑出血与脑梗死急性期血压护理干预

目的：探讨脑出血与脑梗死急性期血压临床护理干预。方法：本次研究选择的对象共100例，均为本院2011年6月-2012年6月收治的脑出血与脑梗死患者，实施针对性护理干预，回顾相关临床资料。结果：全部患者病发后7 d内血压水平高于正常，脑梗死者48 h内血压有明显波动，脑出血者血压呈持续升高表现（P<0.05）。第3天、第7天两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。经有效护理后，患者总有效率为91%，死亡率为6%。患者护理满意度为98%。结论：加强脑出血与脑梗死急性期护理，可显著降低不良事件发生率，保障护理质量，提高护理满意度，改善血压水平及预后，具有非常积极的应用价值。     

伽玛刀治疗大脑镰旁脑膜瘤98例临床分析

目的 研究伽玛刀治疗肿瘤最大径＜30 mm的大脑镰旁脑膜瘤的效果.方法 对2002年8月～2010年7月肿瘤最大径＜30 mm的98例大脑镰旁脑膜瘤患者进行伽玛刀治疗.肿瘤最大径＜10 mm 51例、10～＜20 mm36例、20～＜30 mm 11例,伽玛刀治疗处方剂量为26～32 Gy,50％的等剂量线包绕.结果 随访98例,随访23～81个月（平均52个月）.肿瘤消肖失37例,肿瘤缩小41例,肿瘤无变化14例,肿瘤继续增大6例.肿瘤生长控制率为93.9％（92/98）,其中肿瘤最大径＜20 mm的肿瘤控制率达96.6％（84/87）.出现肿瘤周围脑水肿反应17例.结论 伽玛刀治疗大脑镰旁脑膜瘤安全有效,肿瘤最大径＜20 mm为最佳.     

Metastatic saccrococcygeal chordoma

We report a 46-year-old man who presented with a 2 week history of worsening headaches and acute onset left sided hemiplegia. He had undergone a surgical resection of a sacral chordoma 13 years prior, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. MRI revealed multiple enhancing lesions in the brain, and the two largest were resected. The histopathology was consistent with chordoma. Sacrococcygeal chordomas are locally invasive notochord-related sarcomas. They rarely metastasize to the brain, and only eight patients have been reported. While currently available adjuvant radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapeutic regimens can be implemented in the management of these rare patients, they have shown limited success. The newer strategies that are reported here have also been disappointing.     

Aural tuberculosis at the start of the 21st century. Literature review according to SWiM guidelines. Part 2: Treatment

ObjectivesSystematic review of the scientific literature dedicated to treatment modalities and results for aural tuberculosis published since the start of the 21^st century.Material and methodsSearch of the Medline, Cochrane and Embase databases for the period 2000 - 2020. Selection of articles in English, French and Spanish devoted to clinical cases and series documenting treatment of auricular tuberculosis. Extraction of data on pre-established files documenting treatment modalities and results. Reading of articles by two authors. Analysis performed according to SWiM guidelines, evaluating cure, tuberculosis-related death, treatment-related complications, improvement in facial palsy, and hearing sequelae rates.ResultsOne hundred and twenty eight articles: 118 case reports (159 patients) and 10 cohorts (177 patients) from 42 countries were analyzed. Female/male sex ratio was 1.2 with ages ranging from 1 month to 87 years. Medical treatment consisted in 5 to 24 months’ antitubercular antibiotic treatment using 2 to 8 antibiotics. Mastoidectomy, tympanoplasty and facial nerve decompression were associated to medical treatment in 64.7%, 17.4% and 6.2% of cases, respectively. Overall rates of cure, death, treatment-related complications, facial sequelae and hearing sequelae were 96.8%, 2%, 9.5%, 35.8% and 75.5%. In case reports, BCG vaccination did not appear to protect against facial palsy and severe intracranial complications (P > 0.6). There was no significant correlation (P > 0.3) between death and the clinical variables tested, and facial nerve decompression did not appear to influence outcome for facial function (P = 0.4).ConclusionMedical treatment is very effective but not without risk of death, complications and sequelae. It is the same as for pulmonary tuberculosis. Indications for and benefit of major auricular surgery during medical treatment deserve further studies.     

茚甲新治疗顽固性颅内高压的效果观察

目的探讨茚甲新治疗重型颅脑创伤后顽固性颅内高压的临床效果及可行性。方法选择36例重型颅脑创伤后出现顽固性颅内高压的患者，应用茚甲新治疗，比较治疗前后ICP、CCP以及大脑中动脉平均血流速率（VmMCA）的变化，并对患者进行随访评估预后。结果用药30、60、120min后的ICP水平低于用药前，CCP、VmMCA水平均高于用药前，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05），且持续静脉点滴期间平均ICP和CCP水平较之首剂量后变化不明显，6例患者应用茚甲新后ICP和CCP变化不明显，随访6个月生存率为为61．1％，预后良好率为27．8％。结论茚甲新对于顽固性颅内高压患者，可显著降低其ICP、增高CCP，对于改善此类患者的预后有积极的作用。     

Milestones in atypical and secondary Parkinsonisms

During the last decades, atypical parkinsonian disorders such as multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration along with secondary parkinsonian disorders have been increasingly recognized as important causes of parkinsonism. Although treatment options are largely limited to date, remarkable progress has occurred through advances in the fields of molecular biology and diagnostic neuroimaging, resulting in intense preclinical drug discovery programs. Early‐investigation‐assisted clinical diagnosis has become more crucial than ever because disease‐modifying therapies will hopefully become available within this decade. © 2011 Movement Disorder Society     

Investigation of blood flow in meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas by xenon-enhanced CT scanning

Abstract

We investigated whether xenon-enhanced computed tomography was able to separate meningothelial meningioma from fibrous meningioma. Cerebral blood flow was studied by xenon-enhanced computed tomography in six patients with incidentally detected intracranial meningiomas. All of the tumors were small (<32mm) and there was little or no péritumoral edema. Three patients had meningothelial meningioma and three patients had fibrous meningioma. The tumor blood flow and the contralateral tissue blood flow were determined. The ratio of these parameters was 7.753 ± 0.467 for meningothelial meningiomas and 0.809±0.105 for fibrous meningiomas, with a significant difference between the two tumor subtypes (p = 0.0185). There was no correlation between the signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging and tumor subtype, and the findings on cerebral angiography also did not indicate the subtype. In conclusion, xenon-enhanced computed tomography showed a difference between smaller meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas in patients with normal surrounding brain tissue. We could not confirm that xenon-enhanced computed tomography was able to distinguish the subtype of meningioma because of the small number of subjects in this study, but our findings might expand interest in the clinical use of this method. [Neurol Res 2000; 22: 615-619]     

脑梗死患者早期应用氟西汀对卒中后康复影响的观察

目的评价氟西汀早期应用脑梗死患者对患者康复的影响。方法随机将符合诊断标准的40例脑梗死的患者分为治疗组和对照组各20例进行治疗观察。治疗组早期给予氟西汀,2组其他常规治疗药物相同。结果治疗4周后治疗组在神经功能缺损评分及日常生活活动能力Barthel指数均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05和P<0.01)。结论早期预防性应用氟西汀可使脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁发生及相关症状明显缓解,更利于调整患者的情绪,使患者积极参与康复训练以利康复。