Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral cortex of the lizardPodarcis hispanica

An antibody against the calcium binding protein parvalbumin selectively labels a set of neurons in the cerebral cortex of lizards. Golgi-like immunostained bipolar, multipolar and pyramid-like neurons appear mainly located in the inner plexiform layers. Parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PARV-IR) puncta are concentrated in the cell layer of the dorsal and dorsomedial cortices showing a basket-like distribution. The morphology and distribution of PARV-IR neurons and puncta overlap GABA-immunostaining in the cerebral cortex of lizards. Thus, it is likely that PARV-IR neurons are a subset of the cortical GABAergic neurons of lizards.     

腔隙性脑梗死的MRI与CT的诊断价值

目的:探讨腔隙性脑梗死的影像学特点及其临床意义,比较MRI和CT的诊断价值。方法:对120例经临床、MRI诊断明确为腔隙性脑梗死患者的病灶形态大小、部位、数量进行统计。结果:①120例行MRI检查患者共发现病灶890个,最多见于豆状核(占40.8%),其次为放射冠、丘脑、内囊、尾状核、桥脑,可为圆形、椭圆形、条索状病灶。②32例既做CT,又做MRI患者中,MRI检出的病灶数为CT的5.1倍,其中绝大多数CT漏检病灶直径≤5mm或位于幕下。结论:①腔隙性脑梗死常为多发,且第一次临床发病时多数患者颅内已存在无症状性腔隙性脑梗死病灶;②腔隙性脑梗死灶易为CT忽略,尤其是幕下病灶或≤5mm的病灶,这是造成既往文献报道腔隙性脑梗死好发部位差异较大的一个主要原因;③尽管腔隙性脑梗死病灶较小(≤10mm),但大部分(60.0%)急性期存在在周边水肿,需要相应的临床治疗。     

英语阅读障碍儿童词汇命名加工特征的研究

目的研究英语阅读障碍儿童操作英语词汇的相关能力 ,探索英语阅读障碍的表现特点与矫治的手段。方法英语真、假词命名实验 ,观察 3 4名阅读障碍儿童和 3 4名对照组儿童的实验结果。结果 ( 1)障碍组右视野在真、假词的命名时间上与对照组存在显著差异 ;( 2 )障碍组在真词和假词上的命名错误率均大于正常组 ,假词命名的错误率大幅增加。 ( 3 )障碍组右视野的真词命名时间明显长于左视野 ,假词命名的错误率也明显大于左视野。结论英语阅读障碍的儿童显示出了操作英语语音能力的欠缺以及左测大脑半球活动水平不足的倾向。     

动态对比增强灌注磁共振成像在颅脑肿瘤的应用

动态对比增强灌注磁共振(MR)成像能提供非侵袭、生理状态下的脑组织微循环血供图，通过计算正常脑组织及肿瘤组织的局部血容量，评估肿瘤组织的血供状态；并有助于评估胶质瘤病理学级别的高低，确定肿瘤穿刺活检的部位，以及对胶质瘤、单发脑转移瘤、淋巴瘤和其他脑肿瘤切除放疗后复发与放射性坏死的诊断和鉴别诊断等；但在颅内脑外肿瘤及伴有血脑屏障严重破坏的脑肿瘤诊断仍存在一定的不足。     

112例脑动脉系统微栓子监测的临床研究

目的　研究脑动脉系统微栓子 (MES)的产生机制及其相关因素。方法　将 112例 MES监测的临床资料进行总结分析。结果　本组微栓子检出率为 33.93% ,且全部见于有明显脑卒中症状者 ;脑梗死 MES检出率为35 .87%且以原发性大面积梗死为主 ;MES阳性与病程有明显相关 ,病程 <72 h易检出微栓子 ,阳性率为 4 7.72 % ;颅内血管狭窄是微栓子产生的主要原因 ;颈动脉异常与正常组微栓子出现率无明显差异 ,但发现本组病例中微栓子出现以左侧为主 ,与颈动脉病变部位一致率为 5 5 .5 5 % ;确定微栓子来源于有病变的颅外颈动脉 2例 ,来源于有病变的颅内颈动脉系 5例 ,来源于同时伴有颅内外血管病变 12例 ,表明颅内外动脉同时伴有病变时微栓子检出率增高 ;MES的阳性率与血液成分无相关性 ,但在血液成分异常组中血粘度增高以及血小板聚集降低 MES阳性率明显增高。结论　脑动脉系统中监测到微栓子说明患者有活动的栓子来源 ,易发生或复发脑梗死 ,TCD能正确的监测、判断脑循环中微栓子 ,确定其发生率、性质、来源以及与疾病的联系     

Evidence for motility and pinocytosis in ramified microglia in tissue culture

Ramified microglial cells were investigated in primary cultures of dissociated cerebral cortical tissue from rats. The identification of these cells was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining with 7 monoclonal antibodies selective for microglia. While there was significant variation in staining intensity with different antibodies, all stained the identified ramified cells; the antibodies OX-42 and ED1 yielded the most intense immunoreactivity. Based on distinctive morphological features, the microglia could be identified in living cultures where they were monitored using time-lapse video recording. This technique revealed extremely dynamic features of cellular plasticity and motility. Ramified microglia exhibited constant and rapid alterations in the size and shape of their cell body with an associated extension and retraction of processes; concomitantly, the cells moved about in a circumscribed area. These features of plasticity and motility were unique to this cell type, and correlated with OX-42 immunostaining. The microglia also possessed a differentially high level of pinocytotic activity; this too was correlated with OX-42 staining. From the nature of their morphological plasticity and motility, high pinocytosis, and cellular distribution, it is hypothesized that the ramified microglia specifically function as a system of fluid cleansing in normal brain tissue.     

选择性周围神经部分切断术治疗脑瘫性肢体痉挛

目的观察选择性周围神经部分切断术治疗痉挛性脑瘫的效果。方法采用显微神经外科手术治疗的68例痉挛型脑瘫病例,根据患者肢体痉挛的不同情况采用相应的选择性周围神经部分切断术,包括胫神经、坐骨神经和正中神经,其中选择性胫神经切断术36侧,选择性正中神经切断术28侧,选择性坐骨神经切断术28侧,共计92侧。结果全部患者经3-15个月的随访,术后即刻肢体痉挛状态缓解率为97.8%(90/92),随访期间为94.6%(87/92),随访期间运动功能改善率为76.5%(52/68),术后肢体痉挛状态不同程度复发5侧(5.4%)。结论选择性周围神经部分切断术对降低痉挛性脑瘫患者肌张力、纠正痉挛性畸形近期疗效满意,手术创伤小,治疗效果能够被医患双方同时认可。     

肺心病合并脑梗死39例分析

目的:分析肺心病合并脑梗死的临床特点.方法:对39例肺心病合并脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果:肺心病合并脑梗死发病率6.2%,48小时内确诊率48.7%.结论:肺心病合并脑梗死临床表现不典型,及时确诊困难.     

小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨小脑后下动脉动脉瘤的临床特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗。方法回顾性分析12例小脑后下动脉瘤的临床表现、影像学特征、手术效果及诊治过程中存在的相关问题。结果12例中有11例因动脉瘤破裂出血而发病,单纯第四脑室出血4例,全脑室系统出血2例,小脑半球出血3例,小脑蚓部伴第四脑室出血1例,侧脑室伴第三脑室出血1例,以后颅窝占位病变表现1例。8例术前行DSA检查明确诊断,4例术中明确诊断。12例均行后颅窝开颅显微手术治疗,其中动脉瘤颈夹闭9例,孤立切除2例,动脉瘤加固术1例,术后2例因脑积水加重行脑室-腹腔分流术。12例中除1例术后留有轻偏瘫外,其余11例恢复良好。结论小脑后下动脉瘤多以第四脑室出血发病,少数以小脑半球或蚓部出血发病,及早治疗效果满意。手术方式应尽量夹闭动脉瘤颈,对于小脑后下动脉末端动脉瘤,可以采用孤立切除术。