外伤性白内障术前B超检查的临床意义

目的 探讨外伤性白内障术前采用Ｂ超检查后囊破损情况的临床意义。方法 外伤性白内障３０只眼,术前采用Ｂ超检查评估后囊情况,显微镜下白内障摘除术中直接观察后囊情况并记录。结果 １４只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊完整,手术证实１２只眼后囊完整,２只眼后囊小破坏。１６只眼术前Ｂ超检查后囊破损,手术证实１４只眼后囊存在大小不等的破损,２只眼后囊完整。结论 外伤性白内障术前Ｂ超检查为非侵入性、无痛性检查方法,操作简便,     

Strabismus and diplopia as complications after cataract surgery with IOL implantation

Summary In our Department of Orthoptics we have seen an increasing number of patients suffering from diplopia after cataract surgery with IOL implantation. Between 1993 and 1997 the total number of patients with this problem was 24 (2.7 % of all patients, mean age 71 years, age range 38–88). We addressed the question of whether there is a common pattern of motility dysfunction. Methods: After evaluation of the clinical history and the basic ophthalmological findings the following parameters were examined: binocular function (Bagolini test), squint angles (Maddox cross), ocular motility. Results: The 24 patients could be divided up into three groups. Group 1 consisted of 9 patients (mean age 82 years, range 64–88) who complained about diplopia because of strabismus incomitans with vertical deviation and restricted motility on the first day after surgery. In 8 of the 9 patients strabismus surgery was done. Group II consisted of 10 patients (mean age 66 years, range 38–77) who noticed diplopia and strabismus within 7 days after surgery. We found various kinds of heterotropia. Seven of these patients were operated on and two had a prism correction. Group III consisted of 5 patients (mean age 67 years, range 61–78). Their already known strabismus paralyticus or concomitans deteriorated, leading to diplopia in some cases. All patients in this group were operated on. Discussion: For group I we believe that retro-, para- or peribulbar anesthesia caused the motility dysfunction. In groups II and III it is unlikely that local anesthesia had a causative role. The prolonged disruption of binocular vision and the abrupt change in the sensory situation after the cataract operation with lens implantation may be the leading causes for strabismus or deterioration of a preexisting strabism, respectively. Conclusions: These patients need a subtil meticulous diagnostic work-up and follow-up because of the possibility of early surgical therapy, which has a good prognosis. Evaluation of binocular vision and eye movements prior to cataract surgery appears to be helpful for later strabismic surgery.      

白内障术后视力相关因素的分析

对白内障术后３个月裸眼视力≥０．８者４６６例,包括术后第一天裸眼视力≥０．８者１９９例进行统计分析,发现在同等条件下,３．５ｍｍ小切口ＰＨＡＣＯ术优于６ｍｍ切口ＰＨＡＣＯ术,更优于ＥＣＣＥ术;术前视力与术后裸眼视力正相关,患者年龄与术后视力负相关。     

超声乳化白内障手术中小瞳孔的处理

探讨超声乳化白内障手术中处理小瞳孔的方式。采用粘弹剂或非切开方式的瞳孔成形术扩大瞳孔。２０例小瞳孔术中均得到扩大,且成功地行前囊连续环形撕囊和超声乳化手术。采用粘弹剂或非切开方式的瞳孔成形术扩大瞳孔,是有效的经济的手术方法,几乎适用于所有的小瞳孔白内障手术。     

白内障超声乳化术后低视力的临床分析

分析白内障超声乳化术后低视力的原因,方法,统计白内障超声乳化术２１４例２３３眼术后３月时同力及眼部检查情况,结果４３眼视力低于０．３,其中超声乳化手术并发症１７眼,白内障患者眼部原有的并发症１３眼,两者时存在１３眼。     

白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼

目的探讨白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后继发性青光眼的原因。方法对11例术后继发性青光眼进行详细的观察分析。结果发现其主要原因为房角阻塞,瞳孔阻滞,手术创伤及血—房水屏障破坏等。结论术后继发性青光眼原因多种多样,大部分可以预防及药物治愈。     

白内障超声乳化,玻璃体切除及人工晶体植入联合手术的疗效

目的：探讨白内障超乳化摘除,睫状体平坦部下班体切割及人工晶体囊袋内植入联合手术的疗效及安全性。方法：对玻璃体视网膜病普合并白内障１８例（１８眼）施行该联合手术。其中糖尿病性视网膜病变,玻璃体出血伴白内障１０例;视网膜分枝静脉阻塞,玻璃体出血伴白内障４例;视网膜静脉周围炎,玻璃体出血伴白内障３例及特发性视网膜１例,术后随访２～１３个月（平均９月）。结果：术后视力均有不同程度提高。１２眼（６７％）术后     

改良的巩膜隧道小切口不缝合白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术

目的： 评价改良的巩膜隧道切口不缝合白内障超声乳化技术的疗效。方法： 对９１ 例老年性白内障行超声乳化并植入光学部为６ｍ ｍ 的 Ｐ Ｍ Ｍ Ａ 人工晶体, 外切口距角膜缘０５～１０ｍ ｍ , 内切口位于角膜缘内 ２０ｍ ｍ 的透明角膜处。结果： 术后一周内裸眼视力高于 ０５ 者达 ９３％ 。术前及术后一天、一周、一月、三月的角膜散光值分别为 ０７９±０２９ Ｄ、１１９±０５８ Ｄ、１０８±０４８ Ｄ、１０６±０５６ Ｄ和 １０７±０６３ Ｄ。结论： 改良的巩膜隧道切口不缝合超声乳化技术, 术后早期获得良好的裸眼视力, 角膜散光小, 可植入 Ｐ Ｍ Ｍ Ａ 人工晶体, 降低手术费用。     

Chronic hypertension induced by streptozotocin in rats

Summary An intravenous injection of 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin induced not only diabetes but also severe hypertension in rats. Whereas the hyperglycemia developed fully within a few days after the injection of streptozotocin, the hypertension progressively advanced and reached maximum level several weeks after the treatment and lasted more than 20 weeks. Twenty mg/kg streptozotocin did not induce hyperglycemia but significantly increased blood pressure several weeks after the treatment. Arrest of growth, polyuria, glycosuria, hyperlipemia and lenticular cataracts developed in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin, but in none of the animals treated with 20 mg/kg. In histological examinations in the 24th week after the treatment, degranulation and necrosis in the pancreatic -cells, and vacuolization and deposition of PAS-positive materials in the renal proximal tubules were found in the animals treated with 40 or 65 mg/kg streptozotocin.     

糖尿病性白内障发病因素研究

目的探讨非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病性白内障发病的有关因素。方法对729例非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者检查视力、外眼、眼前段、眼底，血液检查项目包括血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1c(A-HbA1c)、尿素氪(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、尿酸(UA)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)和白蛋白，尿液检查项目包括尿糖、pH、蛋白质、细胞、管型和酮体，白内障的诊断按Chylack等的晶状体混浊分类系统Ⅱ进行。结果白内障在本组糖尿病患者中的发生率为62.37％(494／729)，白内障的发生与性别无关，但与糖尿病的病程有关。糖尿病病程少于5年(A组)、5～10年(B组)和10年以上(C组)者的发生率分别为49．67％(228／459)、71．84％(125／174)和88．68％(141／159)。A组和B组及C组间的白内障发生率差异有非常显著意义，B组及C组间的白内障发生率差异则无显著意义。在血液BUN和(或)Cr含量升高的糖尿病患者白内障的发生率明显高于BUN和(或)Cr含量正常的糖尿病患者。结论非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病患者病程的延长、肾功能不良及血糖控制不良可加速白内障的发展。