肝细胞增殖因子促进受损肝细胞增殖的可能机制

目的： 探讨肝细胞增殖因子（ALR）促进受损肝细胞增殖的可能机制。方法: 采用细胞增殖试验（MTT法）观察经ALR刺激的大鼠肝枯否细胞(KC)的条件培养液(KCCM+)对受损肝细胞增殖的影响，同时用免疫组织化学方法检测正常大鼠肝脏组织中ALR的分布、大鼠枯否细胞膜表面结合的ALR以及ALR对枯否细胞IL-6表达的影响。结果: 受损肝细胞经枯否细胞条件培养液刺激后增殖明显。正常大鼠肝细胞内可表达合成ALR，枯否细胞膜表面可见ALR免疫反应颗粒，经ALR刺激后枯否细胞IL-6免疫反应信号增强。结论: ALR可能通过首先刺激枯否细胞，从而促进受损肝细胞增殖。     

抗癌药用植物猫人参(Actinidia macrosperma)离体再生系统的建立

中药猫人参,又名大籽猕猴桃,是著名抗癌药用植物,其野生资源已近枯竭。本文选用猫人参的茎段(至少带一个节)、叶片作为外植体,筛选出了适合猫人参从启动、快繁直至生根等各个阶段的最适培养基,在实验室建立了程序简单、重复性好的再生系统,实现了猫人参组培苗的快速繁殖。以茎段作为外植体效果较好,既容易消毒,同时又能很快诱导腋芽萌发;以叶片作为外植体,能成功诱导出愈伤组织,但此愈伤组织的分化能力极低。以茎段作为外植体获得的无菌培养物在不同发育阶段适宜的培养基组成:外植体启动培养基为MS+BA 5 μmol/L+NAA 1 μmol/L;最适增殖培养基为MS+BA2 μmol/L+GA 1.5 μmol/L+ZT 4μmol/L,35 d繁殖系数为9-10;最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 2μmol/L,生根率达1 00％,培养35 d,平均苗高6.28cm,平均移栽成活率为91％。     

Cartilage degradation products as markers for evaluation of patients with rheumatic disease

Markers of cartilage degradation hold a great, but so far underutilized potential in the research and clinical management of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). With the rapid pace of development of such markers, they are likely to emerge as promising clinical tools for several uses. These roles may include: improving preclinical and clinical development in arthritis research; differentiation of patients with high and low turnover states at disease diagnosis; selection of optimal therapy and therapy dose for the individual patient; monitoring disease progression; and predicting disease outcome.This review focuses on the cartilage matrix components and the metabolites from this very special tissue that have been proposed as biochemical markers. Special attention is focused on the challenges facing the development of such markers to the standards required for widespread practical use. Examples are provided on the current use of cartilage derived biochemical markers and perspectives for the future use of markers and required clinical documentation are presented.     

Polyfunctional role of the alveolar brush cells in the rat lung

An investigation by scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in the number of vacuoles in the apical part of the cytoplasm in the alveolar brush cells of the regenerating rat lung, hyperplasia of the lamellar complex, and activation of the protein-synthesizing apparatus. Immature surfactant material and secretory granules with an osmiophilic center were found in the cytoplasm of the brush cells. Colchicine, injected intramuscularly into rats six times in the course of the 24 h before sacrifice in a dose of 0.1 mg/100 g body weight, affected neither the number, topography, nor the structure of the bundles of microfibrils present in large numbers in the brush cells. Meanwhile, under the influence of colchicine, some of the microvilli of the alveolar brush cells undergo destruction and resorption. These data on the ultrastructural organization of these cells indicate that they can perform several functions: absorptive, contractile, and secretory.Department of Geographic Pathology, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 485–489, October, 1979.     

Changes in neurofilament gene expression occur after axotomy of dorsal root ganglion neurons: Anin situ hybridization study

Neurofilaments (NFs) are predominant elements in large myelinated axons, where they are thought to serve the important function of maintaining axonal caliber. Previous studies have shown that changes in NF synthesis and axonal transport occur after axonal injury in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. The resulting reduction in the NF supply to DRG axons is thought to be largely responsible for the observed decrease in axonal diameter in the proximal axonal stump after an injury. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that a change in NF gene expression precedes the changes in synthesis and transport of NF proteins. To address this hypothesis, the levels of mRNA encoding the 68-kilodalton (kd) neurofilament protein (NF68) in adult rat DRG neurons were assessed at different times after peripheral axotomy usingin situ hybridization. For these studies we used a³⁵S-labeled cDNA probe to NF68. The levels of NF68 mRNA in sensory neurons located in ipsilateral fourth and fifth lumbar DRG at 1, 7, and 14 days after sciatic nerve crush were compared to those in normal DRG neurons using quantitative autoradiography. In large DRG neurons (> 1000m²), the levels of NF68 mRNA were significantly reduced relative to normal at 1, 7, and 14 days after axotomy. Medium-sized cells (601–1000m²) exhibited a reduction only at 14 days postinjury, and small-sized cells were not significantly affected. These findings indicate that larger DRG neurons which give rise to large myelinated sensory axons exhibit a change in NF gene expression after axonal injury. The observed changes in NF68 mRNA levels temporally precede changes in NF synthesis and transport in injured DRG cells. Thus, a change in NF gene expression may be an important component of an effective regenerative response and a critical step at which axonal caliber is regulated in injured neurons.     

周围神经端侧缝合与神经移植的实验研究

目的　比较周围神经端侧缝合与神经移植的效果。方法　选用体重 2 0 0～ 30 0gWistar大白鼠 ,左侧后肢腓总神经与胫神经端侧缝合 ,右侧腓总神经采用神经移植修复。结果　 3个月后运动神经传导速度分别为2 9.6 8± 5 .34m/s、 30 .87± 6 .0m/s(P >0 .0 5 ) ,潜伏期 2 .1± 0 .1ms ,2 .0± 0 .1ms(P >0 .0 5 ) ,波幅 12 .5± 0 .6mV、13.9± 0 .5mV(P >0 .0 5 ) ,组织切片中 ,两组均可见大量神经纤维和髓鞘 ,有髓神经纤维计数分别为 75 7.2± 2 2 .31、775± 2 1.87(P >0 .0 5 )。结论　①正常神经发出侧芽能通过端侧缝合口长入远端神经 ,使变性神经再神经化 ;②周围神经端侧缝合能取得与神经移植相近的结果。     

基于BDNF/TrkB/p-CREB信号通路探讨血府逐瘀胶囊促进神经再生防治卒中后抑郁的作用及机制

目的 探讨血府逐瘀胶囊对卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression,PSD）大鼠抑郁症状的改善作用,并基于神经再生关键通路脑源性神经营养因子（brain derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF）/酪氨酸激酶受体B(tyrosine kinase receptor,TrkB)/磷酸化环腺苷酸应答元件结合蛋白（phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein,p-CREB）探讨其机制。方法 采用短暂大脑中动脉梗塞（transient middle cerebral artery occlusion,tMCAO）复合慢性不可预知应激（chronic unpredictable mild stimulation,CUMS）方法复制PSD大鼠模型。大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组及血府逐瘀低、高剂量（0.43、0.86 g/kg）组和氟西汀（1.8 mg/kg）组,每组18只。连续给予药物干预28 d,利用神经功能评分、糖水偏好实验、旷场实验、强迫游泳实验考察血府逐瘀胶囊对PSD大鼠神经功能损伤以及抑郁症...     

ALPPS与采用不同栓塞材料PVE对肝再生及手术切除率影响研究

目的 比较不同栓塞材料的门静脉栓塞术（PVE）与联合肝脏分隔和门静脉结扎的二步肝切除术（ALPPS）对剩余肝体积（FLR）增长速率的影响,比较各组FLR的增长速率,二期手术切除率、术中数据和术后并发症。方法 采用单中心、前瞻性、非随机对照的对比研究。2014年11月至2019年12月,海军军医大学第三附属医院共126例因FLR不足导致无法切除的肝细胞癌（HCC）或肝内胆管癌（ICC）病人,将其分为4组：ALPPS组及分别采用氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）、微球、明胶海绵作为栓塞材料的PVE组。主要终点为FLR增长速率和二期手术切除率。结果 各组的手术切除例数及二期手术切除率分别为：ALPPS组38例（99.4%）,NBCA组32例（76.2%）,明胶海绵组20例（60.6%）,微球组10例（83.3%）。ALPPS组、NBCA组、微球组的FLR增长速率分别为15.1 mL/d,10.0 mL/d和 8.5 mL/d,均高于明胶海绵组（3.7 mL/d）。结论 采用NBCA及微球作为栓塞材料的PVE导致FLR增长速率低于ALPPS,两种栓塞材料的PVE二期手术切除率相当。使用NBCA作为栓塞材料的PVE其FLR增长速率高于微球,且这两种栓塞材料的栓塞效果均优于明胶海绵。