1993～1996年1312株烧伤感染菌的耐药性调查分析

目的长期监测烧伤中心病房感染细菌的菌种和耐药率，以指导临床用药。方法应用ＶＩＴＥＫ－ＡＭＳ系统检测１９９３～１９９６年我院烧伤中心１３１２株细菌的检出率及细菌耐药性变化。结果４年来检出菌种中铜绿假单胞菌居首位，检出率为３１．１６％～４８．４８％；金黄色葡萄球菌次之，检出率为１１．４８％～１６．１６％；其后为粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌及不动杆菌等，但各年度位次不一。抗生素对铜绿假单胞菌敏感率超过５０％者，１９９３年为７种，１９９４～１９９６年下降为４种。万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌（ＭＲ－ＳＡ）为１００％敏感，而头孢菌素及喹喏铜类，对金葡菌均高度耐药（７９％～８６％）。结论长期监测烧伤中心致病菌种的变更，细菌药敏变化及选择应用敏感抗生素非常重要。     

休克期切痂对血浆内皮素及NO水平的影响

目的观察烧伤休克期切痂和休克期后切痂对血浆内皮素及一氧化氮水平的影响。方法利用小型猪制成３５％Ⅲ度烧伤动物模型，分为两组，休克期切痂组（Ｓ组）于伤后２４小时切痂，对照组（Ｃ组）于伤后９６小时切痂，分别检测血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、一氧化氮（ＮＯ），并计算ＥＴ／ＮＯ。结果两组ＥＴ及ＮＯ均高于伤前，伤后９６小时开始Ｓ组ＥＴ明显低于Ｃ组；而ＮＯ水平Ｓ组明显高于Ｃ组；ＥＴ／ＮＯ亦显示伤后２４小时开始Ｓ组明显低于Ｃ组。结论休克期切痂可减轻内皮细胞损伤，减轻渗出与水肿，减少组织缺氧，改善微循环     

1993～1996年1312株烧伤感染菌的耐药性调查分析

目的长期监测烧伤中心病房感染细菌的菌种和耐药率,以指导临床用药。方法应用VITEK-AMS系统检测1993-1996年我院烧伤中心1312株细菌的检出率及细菌耐药性变化。结果4年来检出菌种中铜绿假单胞菌居首位,检出率为31.16％-48.48％;金黄色葡萄球菌次之,检出率为11.48％～16.16％;其后为粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌及不动杆菌等,但各年度位次不一。抗生素对铜绿假单胞菌敏感率超过50％者,1993年为7种,1994～1996年下降为4种。万古霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌(MR-SA)为100％敏感,而头孢菌素及喹喏铜类,对金葡菌均高度耐药(79％～86％)。结论长期监测烧伤中心致病菌种的变更,细菌药敏变化及选择应用敏感抗生素非常重要。     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体薄皮片移植的研究与应用

目的为深度烧伤创面的修复寻求良好的覆盖材料。方法采用固定剂对异体皮肤细胞外基质固定交联,再用胰蛋白酶和 EDTA 鳌合剂去表皮,保留基底膜,用 DNA 酶、RNA 酶和化学制剂对真皮内可引发宿主细胞识别反应的细胞成分进行处理,保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质的形态,制成网状“脱细胞异体真皮”。结果通过动物实验(纯种 Wister 大鼠)证明移植成活率高,无排斥反应,组织学观察术后8周形状结构完整,炎性反应消失,12周钉突与脱细胞真皮结合良好,胶原排列整齐。37例烧伤病人Ⅲ度创面和瘢痕切除后,进行脱细胞真皮 自体薄皮片(8‰英寸)移植。成活率平均为96.2％±3.4％。创面收缩轻,外观平整,色较深,触软,功能良好。结论脱细胞同种真皮 薄自体皮移植是修复烧伤深度创面比较理想的材料。     

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of limited access dressing (LAD) on burn wound healing

Biochemical and histopathological analyses are commonly used objective parameters in research and clinical fields to assess the healing status of burn wounds. In this study, the effect of newer intermittent negative‐pressure wound therapy in combination with moist environment [limited access dressing (LAD)] on burn wound healing is studied. Various biochemical parameters like hydroxyproline, hexosamine and total protein, and antioxidants like reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and oxidative biomarker malondialdhyde (MDA) were measured in the granulation tissue. Histopathologically, necrotic tissue, amount of inflammatory infiltrate, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition (ECM) were studied to determine wound healing. A total of 55 patients were divided into two groups as follows: LAD group (n = 28) and conventional dressing group (n = 27). Patients treated with LAD have shown significant increase in the mean levels of (±SD) hydroxyproline (75·2 ± 26·30 versus 27·8 ± 15·5; P = 0·010), hexosamine (9·0 ± 1·99 versus 8·0 ± 1·18; P = 0·038), total protein (15·6 ± 8·23 versus 10·26 ± 4·94; P = 0·003), GSH (7·40 ± 1·91 versus 5·1 ± 1·28; P = 0·037), GPx (112·6 ± 46·4 versus 92 ± 32·4; P = 0·016), and decrease in MDA (6·5 ± 2·24 versus 1 0·6 ± 3·8; P = 0·002). Histopathologically, between LAD and conventional dressing groups, there was a significant difference after 10 days of treatment (mean±SE) in necrotic tissue of (LAD versus conventional dressing groups = 10 ± 1·8 versus 11·9 ± 2·6; P = 0·033), inflammatory cells (8·4 ± 1·9 versus 13 ± 3·46; P = 0·021), new blood vessels (12·5 ± 2·87 versus 9·4 ± 1·7; P = 0·047), ECM deposit (12·9 ± 2·41 versus 9·68 ± 1·3; P = 0·018) and showed comparatively fewer inflammatory cells, increased and well‐organised extracellular matrix deposit, more angiogenesis in LAD group as compared with that in conventional dressing group. To conclude, LAD exerts its beneficial effects on wound healing by reducing oxidative stress, decreasing necrotic tissue and amount of inflammatory infiltrate, and increasing ECM deposition and angiogenesis.     

湿润烧伤膏在皮肤科的临床应用

临床上,皮肤屏障功能受损贯穿于众多皮肤病的病因病理过程之中。而近年来有文献报道,湿润烧伤膏能有效治疗各种皮肤屏障功能异常性皮肤病,其机制可能为湿润烧伤膏对表皮的保湿作用和再生作用能促进皮肤屏障功能的修复。本文就湿润烧伤膏治疗各种皮肤屏障功能受损性皮肤病的研究现状与进展作一综述。     

湿润烧伤膏治疗压疮的临床疗效观察

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏(MEBO)治疗压疮的临床疗效。方法将60例不同原因导致的压疮患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组创面采用湿润烧伤膏包扎换药治疗,每日2次,对照组创面采用负压封闭引流技术治疗,对比观察两组创面愈合效果。结果治疗组患者创面全部愈合,愈合时间最短为7 d,最长为91 d,对照组患者创面也全部愈合,但其中9例患者采用自体皮移植术封闭创面,愈合时间最短为12 d,最长为108 d,两组患者创面愈合时间经统计学对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏治疗压疮具有疗效显著,方法简便,愈合时间快等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的疗效分析

目的探讨湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎的临床疗效。方法将2013年10月至2014年8月收治的34例失禁相关性皮炎患者随机分为两组,试验组(17例)采用湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗,对照组(17例)采用紫草油护理皮肤,观察两组患者皮炎创面的愈合效果及愈合时间。结果试验组治愈14例、好转3例、无效0例,对照组治愈7例、好转5例、无效5例,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组创面平均愈合时间为轻度3.7 d±1.4 d、中度5.9 d±1.5 d、重度7.2 d±0.9 d,对照组创面平均愈合时间为轻度5.9 d±1.2 d、中度8.2 d±1.3 d、重度11.3 d±0.7 d,两组对比,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论湿润烧伤膏联合创疡贴治疗失禁相关性皮炎疗效显著,愈合时间明显短于紫草油治疗者,值得临床推广。     

MEBO-DFU再生疗法治疗糖尿病足的规范化治疗流程

国际糖尿病联盟最新数据显示,中国糖尿病发病率已于1994年的2.5%增长到了现如今的9%~10%,在中国成年人中,糖尿病患者已高达九千多万。因此,作为糖尿病患者致残致死首要原因的糖尿病足也越来越受到世界医学界的关注,但通过多年的基础与临床研究仍未探寻出一条有效解决这一难题的道路,直至MEBO-DFU再生疗法的问世。通过20余年的发展和临床实践证实,MEBO-DFU再生疗法已成为目前治疗糖尿病足的最佳疗法。为了解除更多糖尿病足患者的痛苦,为了让广大医护工作者更规范的实施MEBO-DFU再生疗法,为了节省更多的医疗资源,为了减轻更多的社会负担,徐荣祥教授与全国MEBO-DFU再生疗法临床应用专家共同探讨制定了MEBO-DFU再生疗法治疗糖尿病足的规范化指南,以期造福下世界糖尿病足患者。     

The effects of topical epinephrine on haemodynamics and markers of tissue perfusion in burned and non-burned patients requiring skin grafting

Objective

To compare the systemic effects in burn and non-burn patients undergoing skin grafting with or without the use of topical epinephrine to control bleeding.

Background

The effects of topical epinephrine on haemodynamics and bleeding are principally documented with burn patients. No reports are available on the effects of topical epinephrine on non-burn patients especially on markers of tissue perfusion.

Material and methods

A prospective study where topical epinephrine was used on burn and non-burn patients and five patients served as controls without epinephrine usage. Catecholamine concentrations were measured and to estimate the systemic effects of epinephrine, serum lactate and pyruvate concentrations were analyzed and perioperative haemodynamic changes recorded.

Results

Compared to the baseline values, there was a significant increase in the heart rate, serum epinephrine and lactate concentrations and LP-ratios in the burn patients and an increase in the epinephrine concentrations in the non-burn patients at 1 and 2 h. Epinephrine and lactate concentrations and LP-ratios were also higher in the burn patients compared to the other groups. Altogether, there were no changes in the control group.

Conclusion

This study showed that the use of topical epinephrine has systemic effects on haemodynamics and serum epinephrine concentrations. Increased epinephrine concentrations in burn patients suggest increased absorption properties in these patients. The increased lactate concentrations and LP-ratios suggest tissue ischaemia, likely in skin.