子宫脱垂的腹腔镜手术治疗进展

子宫脱垂是一种常见的妇科疾病。子宫脱垂的病因是多因素的,包括神经肌肉功能障碍和盆底筋膜的缺陷。近年随着腹腔镜技术在妇科手术中的应用及补片材料的研发应用,使腹腔镜下治疗子宫脱垂并保留子宫成为可能。出现多种术式变化,如腹腔镜下子宫圆韧带悬吊术、子宫骶骨岬固定术、宫骶韧带缩短术等。由于腹腔镜技术具有视野开阔、创伤小、术后恢复快、住院时间短等优点,使其成为近年研究的热点。     

Hard to heal pressure ulcers (stage III-IV): Efficacy of injected activated macrophage suspension (AMS) as compared with standard of care (SOC) treatment controlled trial

The objective of this study was to compare local injections of AMS with SOC treatments for stage III and IV pressure ulcers in elderly patients. It was designed as historically prospective 2-arms non-parallel open controlled trial, and conducted in a department of geriatric medicine and rehabilitation of a university affiliated tertiary hospital. We studied 100 consecutive elderly patients with a total of 216 stage III or IV pressure ulcers, 66 patients were assigned to the AMS group and had their wounds injected, while 38 patients were assigned to the SOC group. Primary outcome was rate of complete wound closure. Time to complete wound closure and 1-year mortality served as secondary outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed at both patient and wound levels. Percentage of completely closed wounds (wound level and patient level) were significantly better (p < 0.001/p < 0.001, respectively) in all patients in favor of AMS, as well as in the subset of diabetic patients (p < 0.001/p < 0.001). Similarly, AMS proved significantly better for the subset of those with leg ulcers and with baseline wounds ≤15 cm², compared with SOC. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to time to complete closure or 1-year mortality rates in the two groups. It is concluded that there is a significant difference in favor of stage III and IV wound closure rates by AMS, as compared with SOC treatments.     

雾化吸入布地奈德治疗婴幼儿哮喘急性发作的多中心临床观察

目的 观察不同起始剂量布地奈德混悬液雾化吸入(budesonide inhalation,BI)治疗婴幼儿中重度哮喘急性发作的疗效和安全性.方法 2008年9月至2010年4月,上海交通大学附属第一人民医院儿内科、上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院儿内科及复旦大学附属儿科医院呼吸科共收集6个月～3岁的中重度哮喘急性发作的住院患儿150例,随机分为高起始剂量BI组和常规起始剂量BI组.高起始剂量BI组给予雾化吸入BI 1 mg/次,每8小时1次,连用2d.常规起始剂量BI组给予雾化吸入BI 0.5 mg/次,每8小时1次,连用4 d.两组均按需给予博利康尼雾化吸入2.5 mg/次.主要疗效指标为入院时(0 h)及入院后8、16、24、48、72 h的临床症状评分;次要疗效指标为β2受体激动剂、全身糖皮质激素使用情况、住院总天数及医疗费用.结果采用 SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析.结果 (1)两组组内治疗后各时间点的临床症状评分与入院时比较均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);高起始剂量BI组较常规起始剂量B1组在治疗后8h、16h能更快地改善症状,提高临床症状评分(2.87±1.60 vs4.48 ±2.24,2.48±1.56 vs 3.25±1.82)(P＜0.01).(2)高起始剂量BI组特布他林的使用量、全身激素的累积使用量均明显减少[(16.27±12.99) mg vs (22.90±18.27) mg,(4.54±18.18) mg vs (11.16±21.34) mg](P＜0.05);而平均住院天数、住院总费用两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(3)全部受试对象未见鹅口疮、声音嘶哑等与吸入激素相关的不良反应.结论 对于中重度哮喘急性发作的婴幼儿,高起始剂量BI治疗能更快地控制症状,减少全身激素的使用量,具备较好的安全性,值得临床推广.     

RORγt在支气管哮喘小鼠肺组织中的表达及布地奈德对其抑制作用

目的：观察布地奈德（BUD）对支气管哮喘小鼠肺组织中Th17细胞的特异性转录因子RORγt表达的影响,探讨BUD治疗哮喘的机制。方法：采用卵清蛋白（OVA）致敏方法建立支气管哮喘小鼠模型;Balb/c雌性小鼠30只随机分为对照组、哮喘组、BUD组,每组各10只。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)技术检测小鼠肺泡灌洗液（BALF）、血清中白细胞介素-17（IL-17）水平;对BALF中炎性细胞进行计数;苏木精-伊红（HE）染色评价各组小鼠气道炎症程度;逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法检测肺组织中RORγt mRNA表达水平。结果：哮喘组小鼠BALF、血清中IL-17水平较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,BUD治疗后IL-17水平明显降低（P<0.01）。肺组织中RORγt mRNA在哮喘组较对照组明显升高（P<0.01）,BUP治疗后RORγt mRNA水平明显降低（P<0.01）。哮喘组细胞总数、中性粒细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数均较对照组明显增多（P<0.01）,BUD组细胞总数、中性粒细胞数和嗜酸性粒细胞数与哮喘组比较明显减少（P<0.01）,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。HE染色表明BUD治疗后气管炎性反应明显缓解。结论：哮喘小鼠RORγt表达水平和IL-17水平增高,导致哮喘小鼠的全身和局部炎症反应增强,可能是导致哮喘发生的机制之一。BUD可通过抑制RORγt和IL-17的表达水平,发挥其免疫抑制功能而起到治疗哮喘的作用。     

The fourth-generation centrifugal blood pump

 The NEDO Gyro permanently implantable (PI) centrifugal blood pump has been developed as a simple, durable, centrifugal blood pump without a complex magnetic suspension system. In vitro studies were performed using a Gyro PI pump with the transparent pump housing in a mock circuit. These studies revealed that the impeller transfers to a floating or a top contact condition, which was dependent on the revolutions per minute (RPM). This pump can be easily converted from a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) to a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) by simply adding a spacer between the pump and the actuator. In order to optimize the impeller suspension for the LVAD and RVAD, spacers of the proper thickness are inserted between both of the pumps and the actuators to regulate the magnetic force. Two Gyro PI pumps were implanted in a bovine model in a 3-month biventricular assist device (BVAD) animal study. This experiment was electively terminated 90 days after implantation. All of the parameters, including pump flow rate, power consumption, and plasma free hemoglobin, were in acceptable ranges. No thrombus formation was observed in either pump. Antithrombogenesis and effectiveness were demonstrated in this animal study. The NEDO Gyro PI pump is ready to move on to the 3-month preclinical system evaluation. Received: February 28, 2002 / Accepted: May 30, 2002 Acknowledgment The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan financially supported this project. Correspondence to:S. Ichikawa     

血管内皮生长因子对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响

目的 探究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF）对废用性骨丢失的影响。方法 建立尾吊大鼠的动物模型,并随机平均分为尾吊盐水组、尾吊VEGF组、对照盐水组、对照VEGF组。实验过程中,每周两次对大鼠右腓肠肌注射VEGF或者等量的生理盐水,4周后通过micro-CT对大鼠胫骨近端进行扫描,以松质骨和皮质骨骨密度（bone mineral density, BMD）、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁间距(Tb.Sp)和结构模型指数(SMI)等松质骨微结构参数以及皮质骨厚度作为评价指标,探讨VEGF对尾吊大鼠后肢胫骨骨丢失的影响。结果 与对照组大鼠相比,尾吊组大鼠松质骨表观BMD、BV/TV、Tb.N以及皮质骨厚度均显著降低,Tb.Sp与SMI显著升高,尾吊会造成大鼠的骨丢失,而注射VEGF能够缓解尾吊大鼠松质骨的骨丢失。结论 血供的改变可能与骨重建之间存在着一定的联系,改善血供有助于对抗废用性的骨丢失。     

腹腔镜手术悬吊系统的设计与仿真分析

目的 基于现有的气腹装置,在低气压的前提下,设计一款用于微创手术的新型悬吊系统,以暴露更多手术视野,便于手术顺利进行。方法 利用Solidworks软件完成悬吊系统的结构设计,并基于有限元仿真分析技术,研究医用不锈钢、钛合金Ti6Al4V、钛合金Ti6Al7Nb和纯钛4种不同夹子制作材料以及尼龙(polyamide-6,PA6)、涤纶、聚丙烯(polypropylene, PP)3种不同中间平面结构制作材料对悬吊系统使用性能的影响。结果 4种不同材料的夹子在夹持组织过程中,组织的形变量均较低,不会出现所夹持组织从夹子中滑脱的现象。就应力而言,选用医用不锈钢材料时,夹子及其夹持组织的应力均最低;对于中间平面结构的制作材料而言,当选取涤纶材料时,在悬吊系统工作过程中,中间平面结构会在外载荷作用下发生破坏;当选用PP材料时,中间平面结构会发生永久变形,且形变量最高,不利于临床手术的进行。结论 选择医用不锈钢作为夹子的制作材料为最佳。不宜选择涤纶作为中间平面结构的制作材料,选择PA6作为中间平面结构的制作材料为最优。     

Endobutton悬吊钢板在拇外翻畸形中的新应用

背景:拇外翻是一种复杂的畸形,尚无治疗金标准,截骨治疗目前得到推崇,但并发症较多,能否进行不截骨矫正拇外翻是作者所在课题组进行的一项新尝试。目的:探讨Endobutton钢板悬吊固定治疗拇外翻畸形的效果。方法:2013年4月至2018年8月苏州大学附属常州肿瘤医院骨科采用Endobutton钢板悬吊固定治疗拇外翻26足,不截骨。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。术前、术后测量拇外翻角及第1,2跖骨间角,术后12个月评估美国足踝外科协会评分。结果与结论:①所有患者均获满意随访,随访周期8-38个月;②术后患者拇外翻角[(14.15±3.60)°vs.(28.95±4.12)°,P<0.01]及第1,2跖骨间角均显著小于术前[(7.88±0.90)°vs.(15.82±1.81)°,P<0.01]:③术后12个月患者美国足踝外科协会评分为(89.15±7.81)分,显著高于术前(62.08±7.10)分(P<0.01);④提示Endobutton钢板悬吊固定第1,2跖骨间是治疗拇外翻是一种可行的方案。     

Immobility in the tail suspension test predicts quinine but not saccharin intake in mice

It is assumed that depressive symptomatology can alter taste preferences in humans. The aim of the present study was to search for correlations between immobility in the tail suspension test (TST) and consumption of saccharin (0.0025–0.1%, w/w) and quinine (0.0024–0.04%) solutions. Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into high immobility and low immobility groups based on their immobility scores in the TST. The groups consumed similar amounts of saccharin solutions in the two-bottle choice test. There were significant differences between the groups in quinine intake and preference. Intake of, and preference for, 0.0024% quinine was significantly higher in the high immobility than in low immobility subjects. In line with some animal and human studies, our results suggest that behavioral despair in the TST can correlate with taste responses to bitter stimuli.     

一种LDL吸附剂载体-聚丙烯酰胺微球的合成及应用

研究用于低密度脂蛋白 (L DL)吸附的聚丙烯酰胺微球载体的合成工艺、结构特性及吸附 L DL 的性能 ,为进一步研发 L DL 吸附剂载体提供实验依据。采用反相悬浮聚合法按一定的配方合成聚丙烯酰胺微球载体 ,通过扫描电镜、图像分析仪、X光小角散射等手段对其结构特性 (粒径、孔径等 )进行表征 ;同时在微球上固定丝氨酰 -天冬氨酰 -谷氨酸 (SDE)三肽配体制成 L DL 吸附剂 ,通过体外静态吸附对其吸附性能进行了初步研究。结果表明微球粒径为 14 2 .1μm,孔径为 119.8nm,符合作为 L DL 吸附载体的需要 ;在交联剂与单体总量一定的条件下 ,微球孔径随着交联剂用量的增加而减小 ;合成的聚丙烯酰胺微球对 L DL 的非特异性吸附很小 ,而在其上偶联配体制成吸附剂后 ,又表现出对 L DL 的特异性吸附。本实验合成的聚丙烯酰胺微球是一种有效的 L DL 吸附剂载体。