放射治疗联合腔内热疗治疗鼻咽癌临床Ⅱ期试验

[目的]探讨放射治疗联合腔内热疗治疗鼻咽肿瘤的耐受性、副反应和局部控制率.[方法]对42例首次治疗的鼻咽癌病例进行鼻咽腔内微波加热,每周1次,自放疗的第1周开始进行,每次持续50min,T90为42.5℃～43℃,共治疗4～7次,热敏电阻测量系统在治疗过程中全程实时监控,放射治疗采用6MV～10MV-X线常规照射.[结果]放射治疗联合腔内热疗治疗鼻咽癌的有效率为100%(CR 95.2%,PR4.8%),肿瘤侵犯咽旁间隙者CR 93.9%(31/33),鼻咽腔内肿瘤完全消退时的肿瘤剂量为32Gv～64Gv/16～32F,但急性重度黏膜反应(3～4级)发生率明显上升,达83.3%(35/42).[结论]放射治疗联合腔内热疗治疗鼻咽癌能被患者所耐受,能改善局部控制率,尤其是能改善咽旁间隙受侵肿瘤的局部控制率.     

榆柏喷雾剂促进皮肤溃疡愈合的药效学研究

目的:研究榆柏喷雾剂对小鼠皮肤溃疡的愈合作用.方法:建立小鼠皮肤创伤和烫伤两种皮肤溃疡模型,记录用药组和对照组小鼠皮肤溃疡面积,用显微镜观察溃疡面炎症细胞浸润情况.结果:与自身对照组相比较,榆柏喷雾剂可明显缩小小鼠皮肤溃疡面积(P＜0.01),同时炎症细胞浸润也有明显减少(P＜0.01);并且局部刺激性试验证明本制剂无刺激性.结论:榆柏喷雾剂可明显促进小鼠皮肤溃疡的愈合.     

复方地塞米松鼻用凝胶的制备与质量控制

目的:制备复方地塞米松鼻用凝胶,并建立质量控制方法.方法:以卡波姆934作为凝胶基质,运用高效液相色谱同时测定盐酸麻黄碱、呋喃西林、地塞米松磷酸钠的含量,并进行稳定性考察.结果:该制剂为淡黄色澄明黏稠凝胶,盐酸麻黄碱、呋喃西林、地塞米松磷酸钠平均回收率分别为99.69%,98.57%,99.00%,RSD分别为1.19%,2.68%,2.30%.加速实验稳定.结论:该制剂制备工艺简便,稳定性良好,质量控制方法快速、准确.     

甘辛喷雾剂的鼻黏膜纤毛毒性评价

目的:确定适宜的药物浓度,评价甘辛喷雾剂及处方各组分对鼻黏膜纤毛功能的影响.方法:用光学显微镜观察离体蛙口腔上腭纤毛在药物溶液作用下持续摆动时间,以此作为指标考查不同药物浓度和组分对蛙口腔黏膜纤毛功能的影响.结果:4%甘辛喷雾剂对纤毛运动影响最小,与对照组药物相比,4%甘辛喷雾剂和处方中各组分对蛙口腔黏膜纤毛的影响弱于滴通鼻炎水(P＜0.01).结论:甘辛喷雾剂对鼻黏膜纤毛的功能无明显损伤作用.     

大黄复方液体喷雾剂中挥发油微乳与相图的应用

目的:用三元相图法优选大黄复方液体喷雾剂中挥发油形成微乳的最佳处方方法:选泊洛沙姆-108为乳化剂,乙醇为助乳化剂,姜黄、金银花挥发油为油相,借助三元相图的研究手段确定乳化剂和助乳化剂的最佳用量结果:泊洛沙姆-108与乙醇量的比为1:10,处方量挥发油形成微乳,稳定分散于制剂中.结论:借助三元相图研究中药复方液体制剂中挥发油形成微乳的最佳处方,为液体制剂中挥发油的稳定分散问题提供了一条捷径;通过微乳增加中药复方制剂中难溶性挥发油类药物的溶解度,提高中药复方液体制剂的稳定性.     

Chronic inhalation exposure to mainstream cigarette smoke increases lung and nasal tumor incidence in rats.

An animal model of lung carcinogenicity induced by chronic inhalation of mainstream cigarette smoke would be useful for research on carcinogenic mechanisms, smoke composition-response relationships, co-carcinogenicity, and chemoprevention. A study was conducted to determine if chronic whole-body exposures of rats would significantly increase lung tumor incidence. Male and female F344 rats (n = 81 to 178/gender) were exposed whole-body 6 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 30 months to smoke from 1R3 research cigarettes diluted to 100 (LS) or 250 (HS) mg total particulate matter/m(3), or sham-exposed to clean air (C). Gross respiratory tract lesions and standard lung and nasal sections were evaluated by light microscopy. A slight reduction of survival suggested that the HS level was at the maximum tolerated dose as commonly defined. Cigarette smoke exposure significantly increased the incidences of non-neoplastic and neoplastic proliferative lung lesions in females, while nonsignificant increases were observed in males. The combined incidence of bronchioloalveolar adenomas and carcinomas in females were: HS = 14%; LS = 6%; and C = 0%. These incidences represented minima because only standard lung sections and gross lesions were evaluated. Mutations in codon 12 of the K-ras gene occurred in 4 of 23 (17%) tumors. Three mutations were G to A transitions and one was a G to T transversion. The incidence of neoplasia of the nasal cavity was significantly increased at the HS, but not the LS level in both males and females (HS = 6%, LS = 0.3%, C = 0.4% for combined genders). These results demonstrate that chronic whole-body exposure of rats to cigarette smoke can induce lung cancer.     

两种鼻黏膜切口在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中的应用

目的：比较两种鼻黏膜切口在鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合术中出血情况和术后治疗效果。

方法：回顾性研究。收集2016-06/2018-05在我院眼科确诊为慢性泪囊炎并接受鼻内镜下鼻腔泪囊吻合手术治疗的患者63例66眼。根据鼻黏膜瓣基底部位的不同分组,A组以中鼻甲腋为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术,B组以上颌骨线为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口行泪囊鼻腔吻合术。随访至术后6mo,比较两组患者术中出血和术后疗效。

结果：两组患者术中出血情况有差异(χ²=11.803,P<0.05),术后有效率比较无差异(82% vs 73%,P>0.05)。

结论：以中鼻甲腋为基底部的鼻腔黏膜切口,术中并发出血较多; 而以上颌骨线为基底的鼻腔黏膜切口,术中出血较少。两组患者术后疗效无差异。     

足量布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎疗效分析

目的：探讨足量布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效及安全性。方法：选取沂水中心医院儿科2011年10月至20]2年6月收治的毛细支气管炎患儿220例，随机分为足量布地奈德组（A组）90例、常规剂量布地奈德组（B组）90例和对照组（c组）40例。三组患儿均采取常规综合治疗，A组每次给予布地奈德混悬液1mg、特布他林雾化液1．5-25mg空气压缩泵雾化吸入，3次／天，病情好转后改为每次布地奈德n5nag、特布他林每次1．5—2．5mg空气压缩泵雾化吸入，2次／天，疗程5～7d；B组采用布地奈德每次0．5mg、特布他林每次1．5—2．5mg空气压缩泵雾化吸入，2次／天，疗程5—7d；C组只采用常规综合治疗。观察三组患儿症状、体征改善时间、静脉应用糖皮质激素时间及住院时间，记录不良反应。结果：A组与c组比较，A组显效率、总有效率、咳嗽消失时间、喘憋消失时间、哮鸣音消失时间、静脉应用激素时间及住院时间均优于c组（P均〈O．01）；A组与B组比较，除总有效率两组比较差异无统计学意义外（P〉0．05），其他指标A组均优于B组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈O．01）；B组与c组比较，B组上述指标均优于c组（P〈O．05或P〈O．01）；三组均未发现明显不良反应。结论：足量布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入治疗毛细支气管炎疗效显著，且安全、方便。