复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的修正性鼻内镜手术治疗

目的 总结修正性鼻内镜手术治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的手术体会。方法 采用MesserKlinger技术对84例复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉病人行筛窦、蝶窦开放，额窦、上颌窦窦口扩大等修正性手术治疗。结果 治愈51例，好转17例，无效16例。治愈率为60．7％，有效率为80．9％，无效率为19．1％。结论 修正性鼻内镜手术是治疗复发性鼻窦炎鼻息肉的有效方法。选择具有定向定位作用的解剖参照点是手术安全的基础；选择恰当的术式、实施精细的操作是手术成功的关键。结构变异、出血、鼻息肉病等因素是手术失败的原因。     

Chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum

Chondrosarcoma of the head and neck region are relatively uncommon, arising rarely in the naval septum. The reported cases of nasal septal chondrosarcomas are extensive lesions with involvement of paranasal sinuses, orbit or skull base at the lime of diagnosis. Those limited to the nasal cavity is extremely rare and to date there has been one case report in English language literature. We present a case of chondrosarcoma of the nasal septum with involvement of the nasal cavity alone and no evidence of bony erosion. Initial multiple biopsies showed mature chondromatous areas with no atypia. The patient had wide excision of the tumour. The final biopsy of the excised specimen revealed foci of well-differentiated chondrosarcoma. Wide surgical excision with adequate margins should be considered as the treatment of choice in lesion of nasal septum even if initial biopsies are negative for malignancy. Hence this case report.     

复方左氧氟沙星滴鼻液的制备和临床应用

目的：建立复方左氧氟沙星滴鼻液的制备和质控方法，并观察临床疗效。方法：以盐酸左氧氟沙星和替硝唑为主药制成滴鼻剂，采用紫外分光光度法测定主药含量，留样考察其稳定性，并临床应用于鼻炎、鼻窦炎共239例，观察疗效。结果：本制剂中两主药平均回收率分别为98．24％和98．88％，RSD为1．2％和0．6％(n=6)，治疗鼻炎、鼻窦炎患者，总有效率为89．96％。结论：该滴鼻液制备工艺简单，性质稳定，疗效明显，含量测定方法快速准确，适于医院制备和应用。     

Perennial rhinitis in the under 4s: A difficult problem to treat safely and effectively? A comparison of intranasal fluticasone propionate and ketotifen in the treatment of 2–4‐year‐old children with perennial rhinitis

To compare the safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray (FPANS) and oral ketotifen in children aged 2-4 years with perennial rhinitis. A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, double dummy, placebo-controlled study. Paediatric patients between the ages of 2-4 years with perennial rhinitis. Rhinitis symptoms score (parent-rated), clinical evaluation of symptoms (investigator-rated) and adverse event profiles during the treatment period. Patients treated with FPANS had a significant reduction in both the total night-time rhinitis symptom assessment for weeks 4-6 (p-value 0.036), and the total daytime rhinitis symptom score over the same period (p-value 0.049). Generally, except for nasal itching/rubbing over weeks 1-3, the patients taking FPANS had lower recorded symptom scores for all individual symptoms measured. Nasal blockage, in particular, was significantly reduced over the 4-6 week period (p-value 0.027). The overall investigator-rated clinical evaluation showed substantial improvement or improvement in nine of 12 of the children taking FPANS compared with four of 14 taking ketotifen. Finally, there were no reports of serious adverse events, the incidence of drug-related adverse events was low and there was no statistical difference between the groups. FPANS may be an appropriate treatment to control the symptoms of rhinitis in children between 2 and 4 years old.     

硅橡胶鼻假体用于唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理

目的:探讨行硅橡胶鼻假体,矫正单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形术的护理.方法:通过延长鼻小柱,纠正鼻小柱和鼻中隔的偏斜,广泛游离患侧鼻翼软骨,分三点悬吊固定患侧鼻翼软骨,同期植入硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形24例.结果:24例均一期愈合,随访3～12个月效果患者均满意.结论:采用硅橡胶L型鼻假体整复单侧唇裂继发鼻畸形,配合正确护理效果更佳.     

大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征

目的探讨大剂量盐酸氨溴索(沐舒坦)联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气治疗新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)的疗效。方法选择NRDS患儿114例,随机分成治疗组(n=58)和对照组(n=56),两组在相同综合治疗的基础上,对照组予头罩吸氧(氧流量4~6 L/min),治疗组予大剂量沐舒坦30 mg/(kg.d),分2次用5%葡萄糖注射液20 mL稀释后静脉滴注,并联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气(NCPAP),其参数设定为流量6~8 L/min,吸入氧浓度(FiO2)0.4~0.6,压力为5~8 cm H2O,观察两组治疗后12及48 h的临床表现及血气变化,比较pa(O2)及pa(CO2)及pa(O2)/FiO2的变化。结果治疗组44例经治疗12 h及48h后,呼吸困难和呻吟明显减轻或消失,血pa(O2)升高,pa(CO2)下降,氧合参数明显增加,其中以胸片RDS分级Ⅰ及Ⅱ级效果较佳,Ⅲ及Ⅳ级效果较差;治疗组总有效率75.8%,而对照组为26.7%,两组疗效及血气、氧合指数比较均有显著性差异。结论大剂量沐舒坦联合新型鼻罩持续呼吸道正压通气能改善通气及氧合,对新生儿RDS有较好的疗效,尤其对胸片RDS分级Ⅰ级及Ⅱ级的患儿,早期应用可避免气管插管,减少机械通气率。     

吸入皮质激素等对哮喘急性发作患儿诱导痰液中炎性细胞及炎性介质的影响

目的了解布地奈德联合沙丁胺醇雾化吸入治疗儿童哮喘急性发作前后其气道炎性细胞、白细胞介素 6(IL 6)、IL 8、肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)的变化，探讨其影响机制。 方法对上海市第五人民医院2002 09—2003 12收治的急性哮喘发作患儿采用上述联合治疗1周，共对34例急性发作期、24例缓解期患儿和15名正常儿童的诱导痰液进行炎性细胞计数和分类，测定其中IL 6、IL 8、TNF α水平。 结果急性期哮喘患儿的总细胞数、嗜酸性细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞比例及IL 8、IL 6、TNF α水平均高于正常对照组。缓解期哮喘患儿除嗜酸细胞及淋巴细胞比例明显高于正常对照组外，其余上述炎性细胞比例及细胞因子水平均降至正常。 结论布地奈德联合沙丁胺醇雾化吸入可显著降低急性哮喘发作患儿气道分泌物内嗜酸性细胞、中性粒细胞和单核细胞数量及IL 8、IL 6、TNF α水平。     

金喉健喷雾剂对咽部微波热凝术后黏膜修复的疗效

目的观察金喉健喷雾剂对咽部微波热凝术后黏膜修复的疗效。方法选择因慢性咽炎而行咽后壁微波热凝术后的患者共76例，分为两组，治疗组53例使用金喉健喷雾剂喷喉，每次2喷，qid；对照组23例，不使用任何药物治疗，5 d后观察两组微波热凝术后咽部黏膜修复的情况。结果治疗组黏膜修复及术后症状改善的有效率优于对照组，两组差异均有显著性(均P＜0.05)。结论金喉健喷雾剂对咽部微波热凝术后产生的咽部黏膜损伤的修复有良好的促进作用。     

慢性鼻-鼻窦炎内镜手术前后OMC区分泌腺的观察研究

目的:观察慢性鼻窦炎(CS)鼻内镜鼻窦手术前后鼻黏膜黏液纤毛清除系统的分泌腺结构和功能变化。方法:对20例慢性鼻窦炎术前及术后4个月窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)区鼻黏膜进行AB-PAS染色,光镜下观察,并与健康组(对照组10例)进行对照。结果:鼻窦炎术前组黏膜怀状细胞及黏膜下腺体有显著性增加(P<0.01),型鼻窦炎患者病理性腺体的增生尤为明显。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜杯状细胞可恢复至正常水平,与对照组比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),而黏膜下腺体未能恢复正常。结论:鼻黏膜杯状细胞及黏膜下腺体的增生是黏液纤毛清除功能障碍的原因之一,尤其是病理性腺体的增生。内镜术后4个月鼻黏膜上皮化,但黏液纤毛清除系统的恢复需要更长时间。术后随访时间应超过4个月,以防复发。     

Propylene oxide in blood and soluble nonprotein thiols in nasal mucosa and other tissues of male Fischer 344/N rats exposed to propylene oxide vapors--relevance of glutathione depletion for propylene oxide-induced rat nasal tumors.

High concentrations of propylene oxide (PO) induced inflammation in the respiratory nasal mucosa (RNM) of rodents. Concentrations > or =300 ppm caused nasal tumors. In order to investigate if glutathione depletion could be relevant for these effects, we determined in PO exposed male Fischer 344/N rats PO in blood and soluble nonprotein SH-groups (NPSH) in RNM and other tissues. Rats were exposed once (6 h) to PO concentrations between 0 and 750 ppm, and repeatedly for up to 20 days (6 h, 5 days/week) to concentrations between 0 and 500 ppm. At the end of the exposures, PO in blood and NPSH in tissues were determined. PO in blood was dependent on concentration and duration of exposure. After the 1-day exposures, NPSH depletion was most distinctive (RNM > liver > lung). Compared to controls, NPSH levels were 43% at 50 ppm PO in RNM and 16% at > or =300 ppm in both RNM and liver. Lung NPSH fell linearly to 20% at 750 ppm. After repeated exposures over 3 and 20 days to 5, 25, 50, 300, and 500 ppm, NPSH losses were less pronounced. At both time points, NPSH were 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, and 30% of the control values in RNM. Liver NPSH decreased to 80% and 50% at 300 and 500 ppm, respectively. After 20 days, lung NPSH declined to 70% (300 ppm) and 50% (500 ppm). We conclude that continuous, severe perturbation of GSH in RNM following repeated high PO exposures may lead to inflammatory lesions and cell proliferation, critical steps on the path towards tumorigenicity.