支气管肺泡灌洗联合小剂量罗红霉素治疗支气管扩张症的临床观察

目的:观察支气管肺泡灌洗联合小剂量罗红霉素口服治疗支气管扩张症的临床疗效。方法:30例支气管扩张症患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各15例,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上行支气管镜下局部病灶所属支气管的肺泡灌洗,同时加用罗红霉素150mg,qd,po;对照组仅用常规治疗,包括:吸氧、止咳化痰药物和抗感染治疗,但不使用其它大环内酯类药物和激素。治疗6个月后观察2组患者的临床疗效、咳痰量、肺功能变化和病情急性加重次数。结果:治疗组6个月内急性发作次数显著低于对照组;咯痰量明显减少(P<0.05),第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/用力肺活量(FVC)均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:支气管肺泡灌洗联合小剂量罗红霉素口服,可以改善支气管扩张症患者的临床症状、肺功能,降低急性发作频率。     

支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘的诊治探讨

目的探讨支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘的诊断、治疗方法及治疗效果。方法选42例支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘患者给予常规止咳、化痰、排痰及抗感染、必要时静脉使用糖皮质激素治疗,同时联合普米克令舒、硫酸特步他林雾化吸入治疗。结果治疗前后症状评分别为12.65分和5.3分,较治疗前明显降低,治疗后FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEF指标较治疗前均有不同程度提高,治疗后与治疗前比较差异具有显著性,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胸部薄层CT、支气管舒张或激发试验是诊断支气管扩张合并支气管哮喘的有效方法,患者一经确诊,在积极给予对症治疗的基础上结合糖皮质激素和β受体激动剂可迅速缓解症状,取得较好的效果。     

38例高原藏族结核性支气管扩张症的临床分析

目的分析高原藏族结核性支扩的临床表现、影像学检查特点及治疗。方法对我院2010年1月至2012年11月收治的38例高原藏族结核性支气管扩张的住院患者分析。结果病变范围一个肺叶以内19例,经内科治疗后,3年内随访无咳嗽、咯痰、咯血者16例,占84.21%,超过一个肺叶仅累及单侧者12例,经内科治疗后无反复咳嗽、咯痰、咯血5例,占41.66%,因出现大咯血作手术者1例,占8.33%。结论对结核性支气管扩张患者,管腔严重狭窄,远端肺组织反复感染,合并顽固性咳嗽、咯痰、咯血等,并呈现毁损肺等,应及早手术治疗。     

张燕萍教授治疗支气管扩张经验总结

支气管扩张症是一种常见的慢性呼吸道疾病,是各种原因引起的支气管树的病理性、永久性扩张,导致反复化脓性感染的气道慢性炎症,其患者人数随着年龄增加而逐渐上升。张燕萍教授是中国中医科学院西苑医院呼吸科学术带头人,从事肺系病证临床研究30余年,擅长中医防治肺系疾病以及临床疑难杂症的中医辨治,尤其对支气管扩张证治别具一格,疗效卓著。     

Khrtagener综合征影像表现

目的评价医学影像学在Kartagener综合征诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析经临床证实的5例具有右位心且伴有副鼻窦炎、支气管炎、肺炎的Kartagener综合征的影像资料。结果均有右位心伴有支气管扩张及副鼻窦炎或鼻息肉。结论医学影像学在Kartagener综合征诊断中具有重要价值。尽管罕见,发现右位心患者、尤其是伴有反复出现副鼻窦炎和／或肺部感染的患者,均要想到Kartagener综合征的可能。     

16层螺旋CT对支气管扩张症诊断的临床应用

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT对支气管扩张症(简称支扩)的扫描技术、图像后处理及诊断.方法 回顾性选择手术证实或临床证实的33例经过x光片及16层螺旋CT扫描检查的病人进行分析,16层螺旋CT检查均使用同样的检查方法及扫描程序,并分别用多层面重建(MRP)及曲面多层面重建(CMRP)等方法观察.结果 平片诊断支扩的敏感性仅为...     

浅论支气管扩张治疗

支气管扩张是呼吸系统常见的支气管慢性化脓性疾病,是指支气管及其周围肺组织的慢性炎症损坏管壁,引起支气管壁肌肉和弹力支撑组织的破坏,以致支气管不正常扩张和变形。     

Analysis of the diagnosis of Japanese patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia using a conditional reprogramming culture

BackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is diagnosed through multiple methods, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a high-speed video microscopy analysis (HSVA), immunofluorescence (IF), and genetic testing. A primary cell culture has been recommended to avoid the misdiagnosis of secondary ciliary dyskinesia derived from infection or inflammation and improve diagnostic accuracy. However, primary cells fail to differentiate into ciliated cells through repeated passages. The conditional reprogramming culture (CRC) method, a combination of a Rho-kinase inhibitor and fibroblast feeder cells, has been applied to cystic fibrosis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the value of CRC in diagnosing PCD in Japanese patients.MethodsEleven patients clinically suspected of having PCD were included. Airway epithelial cells were obtained from an endobronchial forceps biopsy and cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI) combined with CRC. Ciliary movement, ultrastructure, and mutated ciliary protein evaluation were performed using HSVA, TEM, and IF, respectively. Genetic testing was performed on some patients.ResultsCRC yielded dense and well-differentiated ciliated cells with a high success rate (～90%). In patients with PCD, the ciliary ultrastructure phenotype (outer dynein arm defects or normal ultrastructure) and IF findings (absence of the mutated ciliary protein) were confirmed after CRC. In DNAH11-mutant cases with normal ultrastructure by TEM, the HSVA revealed stiff and hyperfrequent ciliary beating with low bending capacity in CRC-expanded cells, thereby supporting the diagnosis.ConclusionsCRC could be a potential tool for improving diagnostic accuracy and contributing to future clinical and basic research in PCD.     

Ten Years’ Experience in Surgical Treatment of Right Middle Lobe Syndrome

Purpose: In this study we present the clinical, radiological, pathological, bronchoscopic and surgical results of 40 patients with diagnosis of middle lobe syndrome who were referred to our thoracic surgery unit for surgical intervention in a 10 years period.Methods: Forty patients with obstructive and non-obstructive causes of middle lobe syndrome referred to our thoracic surgery unit. Clinical data were collected from the patients’ records in a ten years period. This study evaluates diagnostic approaches and surgical treatments in right middle lobe syndrome.Results: We studied 23 females (57.5%) and 17 males (42.5%) with a mean age of 31.7. Clinical findings were cough 95%, sputum 80% and intermittent hemoptysis in 50% of patients. Middle lobe collapse was seen in CT scan of all patients. Bronchiectasis was the most common pathologic finding (55%). Tuberculosis was not rare and was final pathology in 20% of patients. In three patients ruptured hydatid cyst was final finding. Surgery was done without mortality and with only minor complications.Conclusion: Lobectomy of right middle lobe is a good therapeutic option in these patients. Due to high prevalence of tuberculosis and hydatid cyst in Middle Eastern countries these two must be considered as causes of middle lobe syndrome.