支气管热成形术对难治性哮喘患者肺功能、血嗜酸性粒细胞数及HRCT下管腔面积的影响

目的评估支气管热成形术（bronchial thermoplasty, BT）对难治性哮喘（refractory asthma, RA）患者肺功能、血嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophil, E)改变率和高分辨率CT(high resolution CT, HRCT)下管腔面积(lumen area, LA)的影响。方法入选同济大学附属第十人民医院26例RA患者,其中8例行BT治疗,18例行吸入激素和支气管扩张剂传统治疗,收集其临床资料,血常规,肺功能和HRCT下左右上叶尖段、左上叶固有段、左右下叶基底段和左右下叶后基底段支气管开口处支气管LA,比较两组的差异,分析小支气管LA改善率与肺功能改善率和术后嗜酸性粒细胞的相关性。结果与对照组比较,BT组FEV1/FVC(-0.188±0.123 vs -0.038±0.096)、FEV1(-0.263±0.146 vs -0.061±0.185)和FEV1%(-0.254±0.163 vs -0.050±0.169)负值明显减少,差异具有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;BT组患者段支气管LA(0.008±0.157 vs 0.121±0.149)、小支气管LA(0.022±0.265 vs 0.176±0.311)、总支气管LA(0.015±0.224 vs 0.153±0.254)明显扩大,差异有统计学意义（P均＜0.05）;小支气管管腔面积改善率与术后血嗜酸性粒细胞值和百分比有负相关趋势,但差异无统计学意义（r=-0.108,P=0.798;r=-0.065,P=0.878）。结论BT能够延缓RA患者的肺功能下降速度,明显扩张支气管LA,小支气管LA改善值与肺功能和嗜酸性粒细胞无相关性。     

Pulmonary function assessment in the early phase of patients with smoke inhalation injury from fire

Objectives

Fire smoke contains toxic gases and numerous chemical compounds produced by incomplete combustion, and may cause injury to the airways. Increased airway reactivity, as well as a decrease in lung function, has been reported as a sequela of smoke inhalation injury. This study was undertaken to assess lung functions in the early phase of patients with smoke inhalation damage from fires.

Methods

A total of 15 patients with fire smoke inhalation (fire smoke group) and 15 subjects with chronic cough but no previous history of lung disease (chronic cough group) were enrolled. For diagnosis of inhalation injury, we performed bronchoscopy, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), as well as arterial carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) at admission. Clinical characteristics, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and mannitol bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) were analyzed and compared between the two groups.

Results

In fire smoke group, initial COHb levels and the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio were (14.8±18.49)% and 425.7±123.68, respectively. Of seven patients performing HRCT, 4 (57.1%) showed the CT findings compatible with lung involvement of inhalation injury. Post bronchodilator value of the percent of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁) were (76.0±24.27)% and (79.8±27.82)%, respectively. Pre-and post- bronchodilator forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF_25-75) and the percent predicted FEF_25-75 were 2.41±1.47 vs. 2.65±1.45 L (P=0.045), and (68.7±37.29)% vs. (76.4±36.70)% (P=0.031), respectively. Two patients (13.3%) had positive bronchodilator response (BDR). In fire smoke and chronic cough group, all the subjects showed mannitol BPTs within normal limits.

Conclusions

Fire smoke inhalation leads to mild obstructive small airway disease pattern of pulmonary function in the early phase of patients with fire smoke damage. Further studies, however, need to be followed to identify the relationship between airway narrowing to inhaled mannitol and smoke inhalation injury.     

呼出气一氧化氮浓度及外周血嗜酸性细胞百分比检测在支气管哮喘中的应用价值

目的 探讨呼出气一氧化氮浓度（FeNO）及外周血嗜酸性细胞百分比（EOS）检测在支气管哮喘中的应用价值。方法 选取2016年6月至2018年10月北京核工业医院呼吸内科因支气管哮喘急性发作住院的患者88例（FeNO≥36 ppb或EOS≥3.7%）,随机分为观察组1（27例）、观察组2（30例）和对照组（31例）。观察组1根据FeNO值调整布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂剂量,观察组2根据EOS值调整布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂剂量,对照组则按照指南哮喘病情控制分级阶梯式治疗方案治疗。三组均按需吸入硫酸沙丁胺醇气雾剂,每2个月进行随访,随访时检测EOS、FeNO并进行哮喘控制测试（ACT）评分,随访时间为1年。结果 观察组与对照组治疗后ACT评分均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）。观察组1和观察组2 ACT评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两观察组与对照组FeNO比较,除观察组1第四次复查结果外,其余与对照组比较均有下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两观察组与对照组EOS比较,除观察组2第二次复查结果外,其余与对照组比较均有改善,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在36 ppb≤FeNO或3.7%≤EOS的哮喘患者长期管理中,可依据FeNO值、EOS值或ACT评分调整治疗方案;FeNO和EOS值均为客观监测指标,可避免ACT评分主观因素的影响,且检测操作简单、安全,提高患者的依从性。