糠酸氟替卡松/维兰特罗复方剂治疗哮喘疗效与耐受性的Meta分析

目的 比较糠酸氟替卡松/维兰特罗复方剂（FF/VI）与吸入型糖皮质激素单药或联合长效β₂受体激动剂治疗哮喘患者的疗效与耐受性差异。方法 计算机检索CNKI、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library等数据库,纳入随机对照试验,采用Cochrane系统评价方法进行评价。结果 共纳入10个研究,共9 811例患者。在疗效上,FF/VI组与对照组相比,提高患者的1秒用力呼气量谷值[WMD=0.09,95% CI（0.05,0.13）,P=0.000]和哮喘控制测试评分[WMD=0.63,95% CI（0.24,1.03）,P=0.002]。在耐受性方面,FF/VI组与对照组相比不增加患者发生与治疗相关不良反应事件风险[RR=1.15,95% CI（0.98,1.36）,P=0.000]。结论 用FF/VI治疗哮喘在疗效方面具有优势,且具有良好的耐受性。其每日1次的用药频次可提高患者依从性,值得推荐使用。     

Lung-volume controlled computerised tomography in real-life acute severe asthma

Objective: It is not known how airway structure is altered during real-life acute asthma exacerbations. The aim of this study was to examine changes in airway structure during acute asthma exacerbations and at convalescence by using lung-volume controlled high resolution computerised tomography (HRCT). Methods: Eight subjects with acute asthma exacerbation admitted to hospital were recruited. HRCT was performed within 72?h of admission (n?=?8) and repeated after 8 weeks of convalescence (n?=?7). Individual airways were carefully matched on acute and convalescent CT data sets for comparisons of airway parameters. A novel methodology was employed for standardisation of lung volumes to permit valid comparisons of lung imaging. Measurements of bronchial cross sectional airway area (Aa) and bronchial luminal area (Ai)?for each matched airway were obtained using a validated program. Results: The airway wall thickness was analysed as wall area (WA) calculated as a percentage: WA%?=?WA/Aa?×?100. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing was used to compare acute and convalescent asthma and Spearman’s correlation to examine associations. Airway lumen (Ai) areas were similar in both acute and stable asthma phases (6.6?±?3.1?mm² versus 7.2?±?3.8?mm² p?=?0.8). However, the airway wall was significantly thickened during acute asthma exacerbations compared to convalescence (62?±?4% versus 55?±?7%; p?=?0.01). There was no correlation between airway structure dimensions and lung function measurements. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate an increase in airway wall thickness during real-life acute asthma exacerbation. However, narrowing of the airway lumen area was variable and will require larger studies able to detect small differences. These results suggest that airway wall thickening linked to mucosal inflammation is likely to characterise acute asthma in vivo but that changes in the airway lumen accompanying bronchoconstriction may be more heterogeneous.     

Types,frequency and impact of asthma triggers on patients’ lives: a quantitative study in five European countries

Objective: To identify the types, frequency and impact of asthma triggers and the relationship to asthma control among adults with asthma in Europe. Methods: Adults with self-reported physician-diagnosed asthma receiving maintenance asthma treatment and self-reported exposure to known asthma triggers completed an online questionnaire; a subset completed a diary over 3–4 weeks. Information on asthma control (Asthma Control Test? [ACT]), asthma triggers, frequency of exposure and behaviours in response or to avoid asthma triggers and the perceived impact on daily life was captured. A post-hoc analysis evaluated the impact of high trigger burden on the frequency of severe asthma exacerbations, hospitalisations and days lost at work/study. Results: A total of 1202 adults participated and 177 completed the diary. Asthma was uncontrolled for the majority (76%) of participants and most (52%) reported exposure to 6–15 asthma triggers. As trigger burden increased, behavioural changes to manage trigger exposure had a significantly increased impact on daily life (p?p?=?0.002). Participants reporting a high trigger burden (>16) were more likely to report uncontrolled asthma than those with a low trigger burden (1–5). Participants with a high trigger burden had previously experienced on average two more severe asthma attacks during a lifetime (p?p?p?Conclusions: Adults with asthma reporting a high trigger burden (>16 different triggers) experience more severe asthma attacks than those reporting lower trigger burdens.     

胎盘生长因子在慢性哮喘大鼠肺组织中的表达

 目的 探讨胎盘生长因子(placenta growth factor,PlGF)在慢性哮喘大鼠肺组织中的表达。方法 45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组(每组15只):(1)正常大鼠组(A组):未行特殊干预处理;(2)卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)致敏及生理盐水吸入大鼠组(B组):应用OVA致敏生理盐水激发;(3)慢性哮喘大鼠组(C组):应用OVA致敏和反复激发制备大鼠慢性哮喘模型。各组大鼠于末次激发后24 h处死。ELISA法测定肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中PlGF水平;大鼠肺组织标本行HE染色、PAS染色及Masson三色染色,并行病理图像形态学测定和分析;免疫组化检测大鼠气道上皮细胞PlGF的表达。结果 慢性哮喘大鼠组(C组)气道上皮细胞PlGF的表达(PI为2.28±0.18)与正常大鼠组(A组)及OVA致敏生理盐水吸入大鼠组(B组),(PI分别为0.89±0.08、0.94±0.12)相比明显增多(A组与C组比较P<0.01,B组与C组比较P<0.01)。慢性哮喘大鼠组(C组)BALF中PlGF水平(18.87±4.53)ng/ml与正常大鼠组(A组)及OVA致敏生理盐水吸入大鼠组(B组),分别为(12.35±1.94)ng/ml、(13.14±2.52)ng/ml相比明显增高(P<0.05)。结论 胎盘生长因子(PlGF)在慢性哮喘大鼠肺组织中表达增多。     

喘舒片联合布地奈德与沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘急性发作患儿症状的影响

目的：探讨喘舒片联合布地奈德与沙丁胺醇治疗对支气管哮喘急性发作患儿症状改善、全身炎症反应及肺功能的影响。方法：将2015年8月-2017年9月期间收治的支气管哮喘急性发作患儿100例依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,2组均给予常规对症支持治疗,在此之上,对照组患儿接受布地奈德与沙丁胺醇方案治疗,观察组患儿另外给予喘舒片治疗,均治疗4周。比较治疗前后患儿的日间症状积分、夜间症状积分、炎症指标、肺功能指标水平及药物不良反应发生情况。结果：治疗前2组患儿日间症状积分、夜间症状积分、CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PEF、FVC及FEV1水平差异无显著性（P>0.05）;治疗后,观察组日间症状积分、夜间症状积分、CRP、TNF-α及IL-6水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组PEF、FVC及FEV1水平显著高于对照组,差异有显著性（P<0.05）;2组药物不良反应发生差异无显著性（χ²=0.154,P=0.695）。结论：喘舒片联合布地奈德与沙丁胺醇治疗支气管哮喘急性发作可有效改善患儿症状和肺功能,减轻全身炎症反应,不良反应少,具有一定临床价值。     

A Low Serum CCL4/MIP-1β Level May Predict a Severe Asthmatic Responsiveness to Mepolizumab

Objective Mepolizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-5 monoclonal antibody, is effective for treating eosinophilic severe asthma. However, there is a need for more biomarkers that can predict the patient response to mepolizumab before starting therapy. This study aimed to identify a new biomarker in the serum that is able to accurately predict the responsiveness to mepolizumab. Methods This study enrolled 11 patients who had all been diagnosed with severe eosinophilic asthma and were then administered mepolizumab every 4 weeks for at least 4 months. Blood samples were collected, and pulmonary function tests and questionnaires were administered at baseline and after 4, 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. The response to mepolizumab was then assessed based on the difference in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) score after 16 weeks of mepolizumab therapy compared with that at baseline. Patients with an increase in the AQLQ score of more than 0.5 were defined as responders. The cytokine levels in the blood were measured by LUMINEX 200 and ELISA. Results There were 6 responders and 5 non-responders. The responders showed a significantly lower serum level of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4/macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (CCL4/MIP-1β) at baseline compared to the non-responders. Receiver operating characteristic curves to distinguish responders from non-responders using the baseline serum CCL4/MIP-1β level showed a good area under the curve of 0.9. The non-responders showed a significant increase in the level of CCL4/MIP-1β after 4 weeks compared to the baseline. Conclusion A low baseline serum CCL4/MIP-1β level may be useful for predicting a good mepolizumab response in severe eosinophilic asthma.     

不同麻醉药物诱导用于小儿气管镜检异物取出术的比较

目的比较七氟醚、丙泊酚和氯胺酮麻醉诱导用于小儿支气管镜检异物取出术的效果。方法急诊支气管镜检异物取出术患儿30例,年龄9~58个月,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为三组:七氟醚组(S组),丙泊酚组(P组)和氯胺酮组(K组),每组10例。S组采用8%七氟醚吸入诱导;P组采用丙泊酚2.5mg/kg缓慢静脉注射诱导;K组采用氯胺酮5mg/kg肌肉注射诱导;三组诱导至意识消失后均以保留自主呼吸为准则,喉镜开口实施利多卡因咽喉部表面麻醉;术中采用靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,面罩吸氧后置入气管镜。记录一次置入气管镜成功率,置入气管镜前后即刻HR和SpO2,置入气管镜时间、气管镜检时间和术后苏醒时间,置入气管镜和术中不良反应发生情况。结果 S组和P组成功置入气管镜的时间、术后苏醒时间明显短于K组(P0.05);S组一次置管成功率明显高于K组(P0.05)。三组患儿不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与丙泊酚静脉注射和氯胺酮肌肉注射麻醉诱导比较,七氟醚诱导麻醉在婴幼儿气管镜检异物取出术中具有诱导快、苏醒快等优点。