硫酸镁辅助治疗重症支气管哮喘临床疗效观察

目的探讨硫酸镁辅助治疗重症支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法将医院2010-2013年收治的重症支气管哮喘患者129例按不同治疗方案分为对照组51例（给予支气管哮喘常规治疗）和试验组78例（常规治疗基础上给予硫酸镁静脉滴注）,对2组患者治疗效果进行综合比较。结果经治疗后,试验组治疗总有效率为85.90%明显高于对照组的70.59%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论硫酸镁辅助治疗重症支气管哮喘效果显著,值得临床推广应用。     

三维适形放疗联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨三维适形放疗联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床效果。方法对60例诊断明确的局部晚期非小细胞肺癌患者先行支气管动脉灌注化疗：盐酸吉西他滨1000mg／m2,奈达铂50mg／m2;1周后复查血常规,指标正常即开始行三维适形放疗DT：46GY／23f-50GY／25f;1个月后行第2次BAI,方案同前;后再次行CT定位,根据肿瘤缩小情况,调整放疗计划,给予缩野后肿瘤局部二程加量放疗20GY／10f～24GY／12f。2次计划放疗均按照单次计量2GY,每周5次进行。放疗总剂量至60—70Gy／30—35f／6—7周。结果放疗结束1个月后评价疗效,CR23例（21．6％）,PP,37例（61．6％）,SD7例（11．6％）,PD3例（5％）。总有效率CR＋PR为83．3％,1年及2年生存率分别为77．1％（44／57）、26．3％（15／57）。结论三维适形放疗二程加量联合支气管动脉灌注化疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌近期疗效较好,明显提高生存率,未增加放疗不良反应,是目前治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌安全有效的治疗方法。     

抗反流治疗对胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的应用价值

目的探讨抗反流治疗对胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床应用价值。方法收集本院呼吸内科门诊胃食管反流合并咳嗽变异性哮喘患者50例,将其随机分为治疗组与对照组,对照组予布地奈德气雾剂0.2 mg,3次/d吸入,氨茶碱0.1 g,3次/d口服;治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上,加用莫沙必利5 mg,3次/d,泮托拉唑40 mg,1次/d口服。对两组患者夜间咳嗽、白天咳嗽行视觉模拟评分。结果治疗组治疗前、治疗4周后、治疗8周后的白天视觉模拟评分分别为（7.0±3.4）、（3.7±3.3）、（1.4±1.5）分,治疗4、8周后较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;对照组治疗前、治疗4周后、治疗8周后的白天视觉模拟评分分别为（6.9±3.6）、（5.1±3.4）、（2.8±1.9）分,治疗8周后较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组治疗前、治疗4周后、治疗8周后夜间视觉模拟评分分别为（5.1±2.9）、（3.2±2.6）、（1.2±1.6）分,治疗4、8周较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;对照组治疗前、治疗4周后、治疗8周后的夜间视觉模拟评分分别为（5.2±3.1）、（3.7±3.0）、（2.6±2.2）分,治疗8周较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组治疗8周后白天及夜间视觉模拟评分均较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）。治疗组治疗第4、8周嗳气、烧灼感较治疗前缓解率分别为61.5%（16/26）、88.5%（23/26）,对照组较治疗前无缓解,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组及对照组治疗8周后支气管激发试验阴性率分别为46.2%（12/26）、25.0%（6/24）,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论咳嗽变异性哮喘应积极寻找消化源性病因,抗反流治疗可以较快降低胃食管反流病并咳嗽变异性哮喘的咳嗽症状评分,减轻烧灼感、嗳气等症状。     

优质护理在小儿支气管肺炎中的应用效果

目的探讨优质护理对小儿支气管肺炎患儿的护理效果。方法选择本院100例支气管肺炎患儿作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组。对照组给予常规护理,观察组给予优质护理。观察两组护理干预前后的肺功能改变情况,评定两组治疗效果。结果观察组干预后的FVC、FEV1和PEF水平和对照组干预后比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论优质护理有助于改善支气管肺炎患儿肺功能,提高临床治疗效果,值得临床推广应用。     

孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果观察

目的探讨孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘的临床效果。方法选择本院支气管哮喘患儿共100例,将其随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上给予孟鲁斯特和布地奈德治疗。观察两组肺功能改变情况,记录不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后两组的呼气峰流速、第1秒用力呼气容积、用力肺活量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的不良反应发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗小儿支气管哮喘能够显著改善患儿的临床症状,提高肺功能,值得临床借鉴。     

孟鲁司特治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床效果观察

目的 探讨孟鲁司特口服治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床效果.方法 将234例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿随机分为治疗组（126例）和对照组（108例）,治疗组给予口服孟鲁司特治疗,对照组给予口服盐酸丙卡特罗和吸入丙酸氟替卡松治疗,疗程为3个月,比较两组的临床疗效.结果 对照组显效84例,有效17例,无效7例,总有效率为93.5％;治疗组显效102例,有效20例,无效4例,总有效率为96.8％;两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.2896,P＞0.05）.结论 孟鲁司特治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘效果显著,应用更加方便.     

全程护理干预在小儿哮喘雾化治疗中的效果分析

目的探讨全程护理干预对小儿哮喘雾化治疗效果的影响。方法选择2012年1月～2013年4月本院收治的小儿哮喘行雾化治疗的患者lOO例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例患者,对照组患者给予常规护理,观察组患者在常规护理的基础上给予全程护理干预,比较两组患者雾化治疗效果、家属对小儿哮喘病情的知情度及家属对护理工作的满意程度。结果观察组雾化治疗效果、家属对小儿哮喘病情的知情度以及家属对护理工作的满意程度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。结论在小儿哮喘雾化治疗过程中给予全程护理干预可以安抚患儿情绪,提高患儿雾化治疗依从性,提高雾化治疗效果及家属对护理工作的满意程度,值得临床推广应用。     

Microarray Technology May Reveal the Contribution of Allergen Exposure and Rhinovirus Infections as Possible Triggers for Acute Wheezing Attacks in Preschool Children

Allergen exposure and rhinovirus (RV) infections are common triggers of acute wheezing exacerbations in early childhood. The identification of such trigger factors is difficult but may have therapeutic implications. Increases of IgE and IgG in sera, were shown against allergens and the N-terminal portion of the VP1 proteins of RV species, respectively, several weeks after allergen exposure or RV infection. Hence, increases in VP1-specific IgG and in allergen-specific IgE may serve as biomarkers for RV infections or allergen exposure. The MeDALL-allergen chip containing comprehensive panels of allergens and the PreDicta RV chip equipped with VP1-derived peptides, representative of three genetic RV species, were used to measure allergen-specific IgE levels and RV-species-specific IgG levels in sera obtained from 120 preschool children at the time of an acute wheezing attack and convalescence. Nearly 20% of the children (22/120) showed specific IgE sensitizations to at least one of the allergen molecules on the MeDALL chip. For 87% of the children, increases in RV-specific IgG could be detected in the follow-up sera. This percentage of RV-specific IgG increases was equal in IgE-positive and -negative children. In 10% of the children, increases or de novo appearances of IgE sensitizations indicative of allergen exposure could be detected. Our results suggest that, in the majority of preschool children, RV infections trigger wheezing attacks, but, in addition, allergen exposure seems to play a role as a trigger factor. RV-induced wheezing attacks occur in IgE-sensitized and non-IgE-sensitized children, indicating that allergic sensitization is not a prerequisite for RV-induced wheeze.     

Risk factors of middle lobe bronchus kinking following right upper lobectomy

BackgroundThe incidence rate of kinking of the middle lobe bronchus following right upper lobectomy is higher compared to that with residual lung bronchus following other lobectomies. Bronchial kinking was presumed to be caused by the displacement of the residual lung lobes, but its etiology is unclear. Moreover, prevention methods and effective treatments have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors and etiology of middle lobe bronchus kinking and discuss prevention methods.MethodsPatients who underwent right upper lobectomy in our hospital were retrospectively evaluated. Patient clinical characteristics, lung function, and lung lobe volume, surgical procedure were analyzed in association with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking. The association between the displacement of residual lung lobes after operation and the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking was analyzed to assess the etiology.ResultsA total of 175 patients were enrolled in the risk analysis. Middle lobe bronchus kinking was observed in 5 patients (2.9%). The low percentage of forced expiratory volume percentage in 1 second (P=0.021), the low volume ratio of the right middle lobe (RML) to the right thoracic cavity (RTC) (P=0.016), and the low volume ratio of RML to right upper lobe (RML/RUL) (P=0.006) were significant risk factors of middle lobe bronchus kinking. In the patients who underwent CT at 6 months after surgery, the degree of the cranial displacement of RML was associated with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking (P=0.025).ConclusionsThe risk of middle lobe bronchus kinking could be assessed preoperatively by calculating the volume ratio of RML/RTC and RML/RUL. The displacement of RML could be associated with the incidence of middle lobe bronchus kinking.     

Narrative Review: how long should patients with cough variant asthma or non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis be treated?

The causes of chronic cough can be categorized into eosinophilic and noneosinophilic disorders, and approximately 30% to 50% of people with chronic cough have eosinophilic airway inflammation, the presence of which can be confirmed by sputum eosinophilia or elevated exhaled nitric-oxide levels. Cough variant asthma (CVA) is a phenotype of asthma which lacks wheezing or dyspnea, and consistently one of the most common causes of chronic cough worldwide. CVA and non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis (NAEB) shares common feature such as chronic dry cough, eosinophilic inflammation, and development of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) and asthma in a subset of patients. The distinctive characteristic of these conditions is the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness in CVA but not in NAEB. Coughing is responsive to bronchodilators such as beta-agonists in CVA, but such feature has not been clarified in NAEB. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the first-line treatment, and leukotriene receptor antagonists are also effective, in patients with both CVA and NAEB. This review will give an outline of clinical and physiological features, and prognosis and its determinants of CVA and EBNA. Further, the rationale and evidence, despite limited, for the need of long-term treatment will be discussed. The development of airway remodeling due to mechanical stress to the airways exerted by long-standing coughing will also be discussed.