胃宁茶治疗慢性胃炎肝胃不和证临床观察

为观察胃宁茶袋泡剂治疗慢性胃炎肝胃不和证的临床疗效,将72例患者随机分为治疗组(42例)和对照组(30例)分别给予胃宁茶和吗叮啉等治疗,共3个疗程。结果治疗组总有效率为95.2%,对照组为66.7%,P<0.01。     

清热理气冲剂对大鼠实验性胆汁反流性胃炎的治疗作用

目的:探讨清热理气冲剂治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的作用机制。方法:60只大鼠随机分为6组,除去正常对照组,其余各组大鼠应用胆汁灌胃导致胃黏膜损害。2周后分别应用清热理气冲剂等效剂量、大剂量、西沙必利、枸橼酸铋钾处理。观察胃黏膜病理形态和超微结构变化,应用放射免疫法测定胃黏膜瘦素、前列腺素E2、内皮素和白细胞介素-8的含量。结果:中药等效剂量组和大剂量组胃黏膜病理形态和超微结构较之病理对照组显著改善。与病理对照组比较,胃黏膜瘦素和前列腺素E2含量明显增高,而血浆内皮素和血清白细胞介素-8含量明显降低。结论:清热理气冲剂可以减轻胃黏膜损伤治疗胆汁反流性胃炎。     

Clinical course and outcome for children with multicystic dysplastic kidneys

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical course and outcome for children with multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK) disease and to non-invasively predict which of these patients are at significant risk for developing urinary tract infection (UTI) and renal insufficiency. Patients were divided, on the basis of postnatal physical examination and renal ultrasonography, into simple or complex MCDK. Simple MCDK was defined as unilateral renal dysplasia without additional genitourinary (GU) abnormalities. Complex MCDK included patients with bilateral renal dysplasia or unilateral renal dysplasia with other GU abnormalities. The designation as simple or complex MCDK was independent of reflux, since routine voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) was not performed. The charts of all patients with the diagnosis of MCDK disease seen from August 1995 to March 1999 at Yale University School of Medicine were examined to determine: (1) if UTI had occurred and (2) the level of renal function at last follow-up. Thirty-five patients were evaluated: 28 (80%) patients had unilateral MCDK, 7 (20%) were bilateral, and 14 (40%) had associated GU anomalies. Overall, 21 patients had unilateral MCDK without GU abnormalities (simple MCDK), while 14 had complex MCDK. The final outcome for patients with simple MCDK was quite good, with normal renal function and compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral kidney in all patients. Although the patients with simple MCDK did not have routine VCUG or prophylactic antibiotics, the development of UTI was infrequent, damage to the contralateral kidney did not occur, and renal function was well preserved. In contrast, patients with bilateral disease or associated GU anomalies had a higher incidence of UTI and progression to renal failure. Complex MCDK was associated with a worse outcome (50% chronic renal insufficiency or failure). Received: 30 March 1999 / Revised: 21 March 2000 / Accepted: 22 March 2000     

A comparison of laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and Rossetti's modification in 239 patients

Background: Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and the Rossetti modification represent two different surgical approaches to resolving gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Concerns have arisen that the Rossetti modification results in increased postoperative dysphagia. In this study, we compared a group of patients who underwent a laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with a group who had undergone the Rossetti modification to determine if there was a significant difference in postoperative dysphagia. Additionally, we wanted to confirm that the Nissen procedure performed laparoscopically could resolve GERD as successfully as the Rossetti modification, with no difference in operative complications. Methods: We prospectively collected data on 101 patients who underwent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication and compared outcomes with those of 138 patients who had undergone the laparoscopic Rossetti modification in a previous series. Results: All patients experienced resolution of reflux symptoms. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in terms of intraoperative or postoperative complications, conversions to open procedure, or length of hospitalization. Paradoxically, there was a significant difference in operating time between the Rossetti and the Nissen groups (70.6 min vs 45.6 min, p= 0.006). Postoperative dysphagia requiring dilation was significantly higher in the Rossetti group (21.7% vs 8.9%, p= 0.008). However, there was a significantly higher percentage of patients in the Rossetti group who had had esophagitis preoperatively (95.7% vs 86.1%, p= 0.009), although the proportion of patients having Barrett's esophagus was higher in the Nissen group (9.4% vs 24.8%, p= 0.001). Conclusions: Both approaches resolved reflux symptoms without significant differences in complications, conversions, or length of stay. Preoperative differences between groups, as well as the method of sequentially comparing the two different procedures, prevent us from attributing greater postoperative dysphagia in the Rossetti group solely to the choice of surgical approach. Prospective randomized studies are needed to control for variables, such as surgical team experience and patient differences. Online publication: 17 April 2000     

Enhanced detection of vesicoureteric reflux with isotopic cystography

We compared the accuracy of isotope cystography (IC) and fluoroscopic cystourethrography (FC) in detecting vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) in children. FC and IC were performed in 124 children, 56 boys and 68 girls, aged 1 month to 9.2 years (mean 2.1 years), admitted consecutively for suspected VUR over a 10-month period. VUR was diagnosed by one or both studies in 51 of 124 (41%) patients. The two methods were concordant for the detection of VUR in 84% of kidney-ureter units and in 93% for the detection or exclusion of severe VUR. IC detected VUR more accurately than FC, both when all grades of VUR were considered together (P=0.00001) and when only severe reflux was considered (P=0.004). VUR was missed by FC in 23 of 51 (45%) subjects. Of those 23, 12 had severe VUR detected on one side at least by IC. VUR was missed by IC in 3 subjects. IC is significantly more accurate than FC in the initial diagnosis of VUR, even of severe grade. IC is the method of choice for the first diagnosis of VUR. Boys with VUR diagnosed by IC also need FC to investigate for posterior urethral valves. Received: 4 August 1999 / Revised: 22 November 1999 / Accepted: 23 November 1999     

Injury to the Gastric Mucosa and Cellular Dynamics in a Rat Model of Duodenogastric Reflux: The Possible Significance of Gastrin Induction and a Heat Shock Protein

Injury to the gastric mucosa caused by duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is often encountered after gastrectomy or truncal vagotomy (V) with pyloroplasty. This study was designed to investigate the histological features of the gastric mucosa under such conditions. A rat model of DGR and DGR+V was established and the thickness of the oxyntic mucosa was measured. Cellular dynamics in the presence of injury to the gastric mucosa caused by DGR were investigated by the immunohistochemical staining of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). The relationship between persistent hypergastrinemia and mucosal injury was also studied. Duodenogastric reflux activated the intracellular induction of HSP70 in our rat model of DGR. Hypergastrinemia was noted in the V group. Compared with values from the DGR group, the numbers of BrdU-labeled cells increased, the glandular proliferation zone expanded, and the thickness of the oxyntic mucosa was significantly higher in the DGR+V group. Compared with the DGR group, there was greater induction of HSP in the DGR+V group during the acute stage. This finding suggests that denervation of the gastric mucosa and hypergastrinemia after vagotomy may be associated with the expression of HSP. Received: May 17, 1999 / Accepted: May 30, 2000     

先天性膈疝术后食管功能及胃食管反流的临床观察

目的 了解先天性膈疝修补术后预后及术后食管功能和胃食管反流情况。方法 对46例先天性膈疝修补术后进行随访，13例进行了24h食管双极pH及24h动态压力测定，了解胃食管功能。结果 13例进行了24h食管pH及压力测定的膈疝修补术后患儿中，7例有胃食管反流，其中3例术中应用补片，4例术前显示胃疝入胸腔。结论 先天性膈疝修补术后可出现胃食管反流，24h测压及pH测定表现为食管蠕动功能明显减弱，这种食管下端蠕动功能减弱与膈疝修补术后出现胃食管连接解剖异常及膈肌发育不良可能相关。     

胃癌及癌前病变与幽门螺杆菌

目的　幽门螺杆菌 (Helicobacterpylori,Hpylori)感染与胃癌的关系一直倍受人们关注 ,检查胃癌及癌前病变 ,如萎缩性胃炎、肠腺化生、异型增生病人Hpylori感染情况 ,了解Hpylori感染与胃癌的关系。方法　通过胃镜钳取胃粘膜 ,用快速尿素酶试验法(RUT)、PCR法、HE银染法等三种方法同时检查 ,判定Hpylori感染 ,并作病理细胞学检查。共查萎缩性胃炎 89例、肠腺化生 64例、异型增生 47例、胃癌 3 0例 ,功能性消化不良 10 3例作为对照。结果　Hpylori阳性率在萎缩性胃炎、肠腺化生病人中较高 ,分别是79 3 %和 81 3 % ,与对照组功能性消化不良病人 (阳性率 61 2 % )相比有显著统计学差异 ,P值均小于 0 0 1。异型增生组Hp阳性率较低 72 % ,与对照组相比P >0 0 5 ,无显著统计学差异。胃癌病人与对照组相比P <0 0 5 ,Hp阳性率显著降低。结论　Hpylori感染与萎缩性胃炎、胃粘膜肠腺化生密切相关 ,与异型增生、胃癌无直接关系。Hpylori感染主要参与癌前病变的前期阶段 ,是胃癌的高危险因素     

慢性胃炎气阴两虚证候的临床研究

目的:研究慢性胃炎气阴两虚证临床症状、体征和胃镜下粘膜象等,探求慢性胃炎气阴两虚证候宏观和微观诊断指标。方法:根据临床辨证和胃镜确诊设立气阴两虚证、脾气虚证、胃阴虚证3组,观察各组病人腹胀脘痛、食欲、口渴、面色、体重、寒热、二便、舌象、脉象等临床症状和体征。在内窥镜直视下,观察胃粘膜表现,并作病理活检。结果:慢性胃炎气阴两虚证的主要症状为胃脘隐痛、灼热感,脘腹痞满不舒,嗳气呕恶,嘈杂,自汗,潮热,盗汗,手足心热,形体消瘦,肢倦乏力,饥不欲食,口唇干燥,大便干燥或稀溏,舌淡红或红而胖嫩,边有齿痕,苔少或苔中剥,脉细等;胃粘膜红白相间,大片状苍白,粘膜变薄,粗糙干燥,分泌物少,呈龟裂样改变,粘膜颜色变淡,可透见粘膜下小血管网;气阴两虚证组肠化、异型增生所占的比例(46.67%)最高,明显高于脾气虚证组(20.00%,P<0.05)和胃阴虚证组(16.67%,P<0.05)。结论:提出了慢性胃炎气阴两虚证的宏观与微观的诊断标准和辨证要点。