骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连的临床应用

报道用骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连、骨坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法：根据应用解剖学研究，设计以骨间前动脉腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣，顺行移位修复尺、桡骨骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨、月骨不连与骨坏死。结果：临床应用19例，随访1年，在术后3～6月均达到骨愈合和骨坏死修复，关节活动功能明显改善。结论：骨间前血管腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣移位术适合邻近骨不连、骨坏死修复。     

Identification, isolation, and characterization of a species-specific 30-kDa antigen of Oesophagostomum dentatum

In the search for a serology tool for the diagnosis of nonpatent as well as patent infections with Oesophagostomum dentatum in pigs a water-soluble, unglycosilated antigen of about 30 kDa specific for the third-stage larvae of the parasite was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. In Western blots, the antigen was first detected by antibodies at day 7 postinfection. Cross-reactivity with O. quadrispinulatum, Ascaris suum, or Trichuris suis was not detected. It is suggested that this protein is a suitable tool for the species-specific serodiagnosis of O. dentatum infection in pigs. Received: 15 June 1998 / Accepted: 28 September 1998     

多巴酚丁胺试验在心肌断层显像中的应用研究

采用多巴酚丁胺试验心肌断层显像的方法对14例可疑冠心病,8例心绞痛和3例心肌梗塞病人进行了检查。试验中发现,病人用药前后心率和血压的变化有显著性差异(P<0.01)。大部分受检者出现心悸、胸闷,少数病人有恶心、头痛,一般在停药后10分钟完全恢复正常,未发现严重副作用。结果表明,多巴酚丁胺试验效应近似运动生理变化,是一种安全有效的药物应激试验方法。结合心肌断层显像,对评价心肌缺血有较大临床意义。     

高强度聚焦超声在医学领域中应用的新进展

本文综述了国内外在高强度聚焦超声（high intensity focused ultrasound，HIFU）技术方面研究与应用的新进展。介绍了HIFU的治疗功能原理，特别给出了焦斑半径的具体计算公式和对相关组织的热效应、空化效应、机械效应，辐照效应等损伤机理，重点研究了热效应随声波频率及声强变化的规律。给出了HIFU的一般试验模型即分层组织模型以及HIFU应用与临床的情况。重点研究了HIFU源，主要讨论了换能器的聚焦方式（1）球面自聚焦换能器，（2）声透镜聚焦换能器，（3）大功率多元超声换能器，（4）电子扫描或相控阵列聚焦换能器，以及频率选择与目标深度和辐照强度的关系，并指出与其匹配的几类聚焦换能器的优缺点，列举了HIFU技术在泌尿科、肿瘤学、神经外科、眼科、妇科、止血以及其他医学领域中的最新应用。最后评价了目前HIFU在治疗方面的优势与某些不足以及可能改进的有效措施．展望了HIFU技术广阔的应用前景．     

Prevalence of mitochondrial DNA mutations in childhood/congenital onset non-syndromal sensorineural hearing impairment

Genetic factors are the major causes of childhood hearing impairment. Whereas autosomal recessive mutations account for the majority of prelingual non-syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment (NSSHI), the relative contribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations to childhood onset NSSHI has not been established.
We screened 202 subjects with congenital/childhood onset NSSHI, consisting of 110 sporadic cases, 75 sib pairs, and 17 families with affected subjects in more than one generation, in order to determine the prevalence of mtDNA mutations associated with NSSHI.
mtDNA mutations were found in three of 10 families (30%) in whom the affected members were related through the maternal lineage. One sporadic case (0.9%) was also found to have a known mtDNA mutation but none was found in the sib pairs.
Although the prevalence of mtDNA mutations was low in the group as a whole (2%), we suggest that screening should be considered in cases of childhood hearing impairment when it is progressive and particularly in families where transmission is compatible with maternal inheritance.


Keywords: mitochondrial DNA; point mutation; hearing impairment     

引导管芯在更换经口气管导管的应用

目的 观察应用引导管芯做引导，更换经口气管内导管的临床效果。方法 随机选择26例已完成气管内插管的病人，将引导管芯插入气管导管内至隆突水平，并拔出气管导管；将欲更换的气管导管套在引导管芯外，在管芯引导下将气管导管插入气管内，完成换置；结果 全部病例均顺利完成更换导管，换管过程中病人氧合良好，术后未发生与更换导管相关并发症；结论 应用引导管芯更换气管内导管，方法安全，简便易行，可替代传统换管方法。     

Delineation of the QRS complex using the envelope of the e.c.g.

A new algorithm for QRS delineation has been developed. Based on the envelope of the e.c.g. signal a delineation function is defined, which yields a single positive pulse for each complex. From this function the onset and end of the QRS or, alternatively, a fiducial point is determined. To remove low-frequency component such as S-T abnormalities without distortion of the QRS complex, a filter with time-varying characteristics is used. The accuracy of the method has been evaluated in a test set of different QRS complexes obtained from coronary care patients. For QRS onset, the standard deviation of the difference between automated and manual determination was 7 ms in normal beats and 14 ms in ectopic beats. With simulated noise added to each waveform an average dispersion of 7 ms was observed in the recognition of the QRS onset at a signal-to-noise ratio of 15 dB. The corresponding dispersion in the location of a fiducial point was 2 ms. Using simulated e.c.g. data, the stability of the method is demonstrated for transitions between different waveform morphologies. Presented in part at ‘Computers in cardiology’, Florence, 23rd–25th September 1981     

Central mediation of the conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by harmaline

The assumption that drugs used as unconditioned stimuli in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) studies act centrally was tested by comparing the effects of systemic and intracerebral injections of harmaline hydrochloride (H) in 340 rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 5–20 mg/kg but not of 2.5 mg/kg H administered 5 min after 15-min saccharin (0.1%) drinking decreased saccharin-water preference in a two-choice retention test, performed 48 h later, from 55% to 20%. Since CTA was not diminished when H (10 mg/kg) was injected into rats anesthetised immediately after saccharin drinking by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), H (1.7–50 g) was administered intracerebrally to anesthetised rats fixed in the stereotaxic apparatus. Injection of 3–6 g H into the inferior olive elicited CTA comparable to that of systemic injection of 10 mg/kg H. Injections of 6 and 50 g H into cerebellum and bulbar reticular formation elicited weaker CTA while neocortical, hypothalamic and mesencephalic applications were ineffective. CTA could also be elicited when 50 g but not 6 g H was injected into the inferior olive 1 or 2 h after saccharin drinking. This delay-dependent effect and failure of non-contingent H administration to change saccharin preference indicates that the H-induced CTA is not contaminated by a non-specific increase in neophobia. It is concluded that H probably elicits CTA by activation of caudal bulbar structures, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and lateral reticular formation.     

Direct quantitation of antiseptic quaternary ammonium compounds by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry

The medicinally important quaternary ammonium salts benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BDTA), cetylpyridinium chloride and benzethonium chloride, all afford, under fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric conditions, abundant and persistent [M---Cl]⁺ species usefully amenable to quantitative analysis with the aid of thioglycerol as a liquid FAB matrix. The use of BDTA as an internal standard allowed a direct, precise and accurate determination of cetylpyridinium and benzethonium chlorides, either as pure samples or in dosage forms, in the concentration range 0.05–2 mg/ml.     

三维及多平面重建CT技术在鼻部整形中的应用价值分析

目的:分析在鼻部整形中三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用价值。方法:选择2018年2月~2019年7月本院收治的60例行鼻部整形的患者进行分析,所有患者均开展三维及多平面重建CT技术检测,结合检查结果,开展相应的隆鼻手术。分析术后不良反应、患者满意度。术后6个月,在CT测量下,检测前后鼻部解剖数据。结果:在鼻部整形中,三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用,可以准确了解鼻部结构,如观察侧鼻骨、鼻部皮肤、鼻根等情况。术后评价,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后6个月,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后与术后6个月患者鼻部满意度相比,无统计学意义,P>0.05。术后60例患者没有出现出血、切口感染等反应,同时也没有出现肋软骨外漏与倾斜等现象。经随访术后6个月发现1例患者的鼻背软骨出现轻度弯曲,但无明显表现,没有做特殊处理;其余患者,鼻部外形均表现为鼻尖挺拔、鼻背曲线流畅。结论:在鼻部整形中,应用三维及多平面重建CT技术,可以辅助提高隆鼻手术准确度,并在CT技术的引导下,准确植入自体肋软骨,可以为手术成功奠定基础,促使鼻唇与周围器官形态的协调性,进一步提高患者满意度。