Antibacterial activity of Quercus ilex bark's extracts

The antibacterial activity of different extracts of Quercus ilex bark (Fagaceae) was studied in vitro against seven reference strains of bacteria by using a disc-diffusion method and agar-dilution method. The ethyl acetate extract (QE), n-butanol extract (QB) and final aqueous layer (QA) were effective against all bacterial strains tested at MICs ranging from 128 to 512 microg/ml. The n-hexane extract (QH) and dichloromethane extract (QD) showed no activity.     

正交试验法优选祖师麻熏洗液醇提取工艺

目的优选祖师麻熏洗液的最佳醇提工艺条件。方法采用正交试验法,以祖师麻甲素含量为指标。结果最佳提取工艺为用4倍量50%乙醇,回流提取3次,每次1h。结论通过验证试验,确认此工艺条件合理。     

肉桂挥发性成分抑制小鼠离体子宫收缩的研究

目的评价肉桂挥发油对离体子宫收缩的作用。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏提取制备挥发油;采用小鼠离体子宫收缩模型评价其生物效应,60只小鼠随机分为试验组和对照组,继而分为1个中位剂量组（n=6）和6个浓度倍增组（n=4）。试验组给予肉桂油提取物,对照组给予等体积的溶媒。结果肉桂药材挥发油对小鼠离体子宫收缩频率和幅度有明显的抑制作用（P〈0.05）,其ED50为22.75g/ml,95%可信区限为15.90～135.21g/ml。结论肉桂挥发油对小鼠离体子宫收缩具有明显抑制作用,其效应成分及作用机制有待研究。     

An Efficient,Robust, and Inexpensive Grinding Device for Herbal Samples like Cinchona Bark

An effective, robust, and inexpensive grinding device for the grinding of herb samples like bark and roots was developed by rebuilding a commercially available coffee grinder. The grinder was constructed to be able to provide various particle sizes, to be easy to clean, and to have a minimum of dead volume. The recovery of the sample when grinding as little as 50 mg of crude Cinchona bark was about 60%.Grinding is performed in seconds with no rise in temperature, and the grinder is easily disassembled to be cleaned. The influence of the particle size of the obtained powders on the recovery of analytes in extracts of Cinchona bark was investigated using HPLC.     

In vitro evidence of phyto-synergy for plant part combinations of Croton gratissimus (Euphorbiaceae) used in African traditional healing

Aim of the study

Despite the extensive traditional use of Croton gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus for medicinal purposes, scientific studies validating the therapeutic properties of this indigenous plant are lacking. As the bark, roots and leaves of C. gratissimus are used separately as well as in combination, this study focused on determining antimicrobial efficacies of the plant parts independently and in combination to assess possible pharmacological interactions (e.g. synergy, antagonism).

Material and Methods

The hydro-distilled leaf essential oil and extracts of bark, root and leaf were comparatively assessed for antimicrobial activity by means of microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) were determined for the leaf and root (1:1), bark and root (1:1), leaf and bark (1:1) combination. Isobolograms were plotted to demonstrate interactions between various ratios of the roots and leaves.

Results

The MIC and FIC results indicated variable efficacies for the various plant part combinations, the greatest of which was noted for Cryptococcus neoformans in the root and leaf combination (MIC 0.4 mg/ml and FIC of 0.4). Isobolograms indicated the greatest synergy for Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Conclusion

The observed synergistic interactions clearly indicate that the reductionist approach may often be short-sighted and that biological activity may be improved through combination therapy, where different complex metabolic pools collectively contribute to the enhanced effect.     

柞树皮水提浸膏对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究柞树皮水提浸膏对CCl<,4>所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 用CCl<,4>造小鼠急性肝损伤模型,灌胃给药,用比色法测定小鼠血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性、肝组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果 柞树皮水提浸膏能显著降低CCl<,4>所致小鼠各组血清中AST、ALT活性的升高(P<0.05),同时升高肝组织中GSH-Px的活性,降低肝组织中MDA的含量(P<0.05).结论 柞树皮水提浸膏对CCl<,4>所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用.     

不同采收期合欢皮与山合欢皮中总皂苷含量比较

目的比较不同采收期合欢皮与山合欢皮中总皂苷的含量。方法采用分光光度法对不同采收期的合欢皮与山合欢皮中总皂苷含量进行测定。结果一年生合欢皮与二年生合欢皮总皂苷含量比较，p〈0．05；二年生合欢皮与多年生合欢皮总皂苷含量比较，P〉0．05；多年生合欢皮与多年生山合欢皮总皂苷含量比较，p〈0．05。结论不同采收期合欢皮与山合欢皮中总皂苷的含量差异明显。     

Investigation of lignin obtained by processing of Betula pendula with ionic liquids

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids bearing chloride, acetate, mesylate, and tosylate as anion were investigated for the treatment of birch (Betula pendula) bark to extract lignin. Although birch bark was previously extracted with methanol to remove low molecular weight organic compounds, various fatty acids and ferulic acid esters were analyzed in the lignin fraction using UPLC/ESI(?)-QTOFMS. GPC analysis shows differences in the molecular weight of the lignin samples obtained by treating bark with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate. The use of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium mesylate for the extraction of bark resulted in aromatic oligomers that are not fully soluble in the eluent used for GPC analysis. Therefore, the molecular weight as determined by GPC is only representative for the soluble part of these samples and not for the entire sample. Results obtained by investigation of the lignin samples extracted from bark using GPC and UPLC/ESI(?)-QTOFMS let us conclude that 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate is the most efficient ionic liquid among the solvents investigated for the extraction of lignin from bark. The high efficiency may be attributed to a high catalytic function of this ionic liquid in bound cleavage on the one hand and an active contribution of the acetate ion to trans-esterifications on the other hand.     

合欢皮与山合欢皮的凝胶蛋白电泳鉴别

目的 :提供合欢皮与山合欢皮的一种新的鉴别方法。方法 :采用凝胶蛋白电泳技术对合欢皮与山合欢皮进行分析。结果 :合欢皮与山合欢皮具有各自的鉴别谱带 ,而且在谱带的级别、分布区域及数量上均有明显的区别。结论 :凝胶蛋白电泳可以作为鉴别合欢皮与山合欢皮的准确可靠的方法     

杜仲叶中无机元素动态含量测定

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了杜仲皮、不同生长期杜仲叶中１２种无机元素含量。发现杜仲叶中富含杜仲皮中所含的无机元素，且除铜元素外，叶中其它人体必需元素含量均较皮中含量高。讨论了不同时期杜仲叶中各无机元素变化规律，为根据不同目的确定适当采叶时期提供了科学依据。