Mode of Delivery Following Successful External Cephalic Version: Comparison With Spontaneous Cephalic Presentations at Delivery

ObjectiveTo compare the obstetric outcomes of pregnant women after successful external cephalic version (ECV) (cases) with a large group of pregnant women with a spontaneously occurring cephalic fetal position at delivery (controls).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective matched cohort study in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands. Delivery outcomes of women with a successful ECV were compared with those of women with spontaneously occurring cephalic presentations, controlling for maternal age, parity, gestational age at delivery, and onset of labour (spontaneous or induced). Exclusion criteria were a history of Caesarean section, delivery at < 35 weeks, and elective Caesarean section. The primary outcome was the prevalence of Caesarean section and instrumental delivery in both groups; secondary outcomes were the characteristics of cases requiring intervention such as Caesarean section or instrumental delivery.ResultsWomen who had a successful ECV had a significantly higher Caesarean section rate than the women in the control group (33/220 [15%] vs. 62/1030 [6.0 %]; P < 0. 001). There was no difference in the incidence of instrumental delivery (20/220 [9.1%] vs. 103/1030 [10%]). Comparison of characteristics of women in the cases group showed that nulliparity, induction of labour, and occiput posterior presentation were associated with Caesarean section and instrumental deliveries.Conclusion: Compared with delivery of spontaneous cephalic presentations, delivery of cephalic presenting babies following successful ECV is associated with an increased rate of Caesarean section, especially in nulliparous women and women whose labour is induced.     

Danish version of the Oswestry disability index for patients with low back pain. Part 2: Sensitivity, specificity and clinically significant improvement in two low back pain populations

In studies evaluating the efficacy of clinical interventions, it is of paramount importance that the functional outcome measures are responsive to clinically relevant change. Knowledge thereof is in fact essential for the choice of instrument in clinical trials and for clinical decision-making. This article endeavours to investigate the sensitivity, specificity and clinically significant improvement (responsiveness) of the Danish version of the Oswestry disability index (ODI) in two back pain populations. Two hundred and thirty three patients with low back pain (LBP) and/or leg pain completed a questionnaire booklet at baseline and 8 weeks follow-up. Half of the patients were seen in the primary (PrS) and half in the secondary sectors (SeS) of the Danish Health Care System. The booklet contained the Danish version of the ODI, along with the Roland Morris Questionnaire, the LBP Rating Scale, the SF36 (physical function and bodily pain scales) and a global pain rating. At follow-up, a 7-point transition question (TQ) of patient perceived change and a numeric rating scale relating to the importance of the change were included. Responsiveness was operationalised using three strategies: change scores, standardised response means (SRM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. All methods revealed acceptable responsiveness of the ODI in the two patient populations which was comparable to the external instruments. SRM of the ODI change scores at 2 months follow-up was 1.0 for PrS patients and 0.3 for SeS (raw and percentage). A minimum clinically important change (MCID) from baseline score was established at 9 points (71%) for PrS patients and 8 points (27%) for SeS patients using ROC analyses. This was dependable on the baseline entry score with the MCID increasing with 5 points for every 10 points increase in the baseline score. We conclude that the Danish version of the ODI has comparable responsiveness to other commonly used functional status measures and is appropriate for use in low back pain patients receiving conservative care in both the primary and secondary sector.     

Randomized phase II study of sunitinib versus standard of care for patients with previously treated advanced triple-negative breast cancer

PurposeThis randomized, open-label phase II study compared the efficacy of sunitinib monotherapy with that of single-agent standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).MethodsPatients with advanced TNBC, relapsed after anthracycline- and taxane-based chemotherapy, were randomized to receive either sunitinib (37.5 mg/day) or the investigator's choice of SOC therapy. Progression-free survival was the primary endpoint.ResultsMedian progression-free survival was 2.0 months with sunitinib and 2.7 months with SOC chemotherapy (one-sided P = 0.888). Median overall survival was not prolonged with sunitinib (9.4 months) compared with SOC chemotherapy (10.5 months; one-sided P = 0.839). The objective response rate was 3% with sunitinib and 7% with SOC chemotherapy (one-sided P = 0.962).ConclusionsSunitinib monotherapy did not improve efficacy compared with SOC chemotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced TNBC, for which identification of effective treatments and therapeutic targets remains an urgent need.Trial registrationNCT00246571.     

The Effect of Functional Pelvic Tilt on the Three-Dimensional Acetabular Cup Orientation in Total Hip Arthroplasty Dislocations

BackgroundAnterior and posterior pelvic tilt appears to play a role in total hip arthroplasty (THA) stability. When changing from the standing to the sitting position, the pelvis typically rotates posteriorly while the hips flex and this affects the femoro-acetabular positions. This case-control study compares changes in 3-D acetabular cup orientation during functional pelvic tilt between posterior THA dislocations vs stable THAs.MethodsStanding and sitting 3-D cup orientation was compared between fifteen posterior dislocations vs 233 prospectively followed stable THAs. 3-D cup orientation was calculated using previously validated trigonometric algorithms on biplanar radiographs. Those algorithms combine the angles in the three anatomical planes (coronal inclination, transverse version, and sagittal ante-inclination) in the standing position with the change in sagittal pelvic tilt from standing to sitting to calculate the 3-D orientation in the sitting position.ResultsThe standing cup orientation of the dislocated THAs was only characterized by a lower coronal inclination (P = .039). Compared with the controls, from standing to sitting, they showed less posterior pelvic tilt (P < .001). This led to a significant lower coronal inclination (P < .001) and sagittal ante-inclination (P < .001) in the sitting position but similar transverse version (P = .366).ConclusionsComparing posterior THA dislocations to stable THAs, there is a lower increase of all three orientation angles from standing to sitting. This leads to a decreased sitting coronal inclination and sagittal ante-inclination which may lead to an increased risk of impingement ensued by THA instability. By contrast, the transverse version was not significantly different in both positions. This confirms the importance of biplanar data on functional cup orientation.Level of EvidenceDiagnostic, Level III.     

成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者SRS-22简体中文版问卷评分的影响因素分析

目的:探讨临床及影像学参数对成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱侧凸研究协会22项(SRS-22)量表简体中文版问卷评分的影响.方法:2008年1月～2012年12月109例无支具及手术治疗史的成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者接受SRS-22简体中文版的问卷调查.男17例,女92例;年龄19～40岁,平均24.8岁.冠状面主弯Cobb角16°～102°,平均37.3°.分析SRS-22各维度得分及亚总分与年龄、体重指数、主弯Cobb角及矢状面平衡间的相关性,并分别比较年轻(＜30岁)与年长(≥30岁)、小角度(Cobb角＜40°)与大角度(Cobb角≥40°)、胸弯与胸腰/腰弯以及男性与女性患者间SRS-22评分差异.结果:年龄与SRS-22亚总分、疼痛、心理状况及功能维度得分负相关(r分别为-0.35、-0.50、-0.31、-0.21,P＜0.05);体重指数与疼痛得分负相关(r=-0.23,P＜0.05);主弯Cobb角与SRS-22亚总分、自我形象及功能维度得分负相关(r分别为-0.31、-0.49、-0.30,P＜0.05);矢状面平衡与功能维度得分负相关(r=-0.26,P＜0.05).年长患者SRS-22亚总分、疼痛及心理得分低于年轻患者(P＜0.05).大角度患者SRS-22亚总分、自我形象及功能维度得分低于小角度患者(P＜0.05).胸弯患者自我形象及心理维度得分低于胸腰/腰弯患者(P＜0.05).女性患者的疼痛维度得分明显低于男性(P＜0.05),其余参数及得分无统计学差异.结论:年龄、侧凸Cobb角、体重指数、躯干矢状面平衡可影响成人特发性脊柱侧凸患者SRS-22简体中文版问卷不同维度得分.胸弯患者自我形象及心理受侧凸的影响较腰弯患者更大,女性患者对疼痛的耐受性低于男性.     

简体中文版功能评分指数在下腰痛患者中的应用及信度效度测量

目的探讨中文版功能评分指数（SC-FRI）对下腰痛患者的应用价值,评估其用于国人的信度和效度。方法按照国际指南将FRI翻译成中文并进行跨文化调试。采用经调试确定的SC-FRI、中文版Oswestry功能障碍指数（SC-ODI）、SF-36健康调查量表（SF-36）和视觉模拟量表（VAS）对2010年12月至2011年3月于长海医院骨科门诊就诊、符合病例选择标准的115例下腰痛患者进行疼痛和功能状态的自我评估。检验其内部一致性、重测信度、同时标准效度和结构效度。结果 SC-FRI有非常高的完成率（96%）,无天花板和地板现象,具有良好的内部一致性（Cronbachα系数=0.897,去除一个条目后为0.851~0.890）和重测信度（组内相关系数ICC=0.948,95%CI=0.917~0.968）。同时标准效度分析证实SC-FRI与SC-ODI、VAS有高度相关性（r=0.958,0.852）;结构效度结果提示SC-FRI和SF-36中的躯体功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、物理职能、总体健康有较高相关性（r=-0.802,-0.698,-0.573,-0.565,-0.435）。结论 SC-FRI具有十分良好的信度和效度,简单易行,可用于对国内下腰痛患者疼痛和功能状态的评估。     

Cesarean delivery after successful external cephalic version of breech presentation at term: a comparative study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rate and indications of cesarean delivery after a successful external cephalic version. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study was performed from patients who were delivered in a tertiary care center between 1987 and 2000. Each patient who underwent a successful external cephalic version (study group) was compared with the next woman with the same parity, who was delivered at term (control group). Nulliparous and multiparous women were analyzed separately. Chi-squared, Mann-Whitney, and Student t tests were used for statistical analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed where appropriate. RESULTS: A total of 602 patients were included in this study. The rates of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women (29.8% vs 15.9%; P<.001) and in multiparous women (15.9% vs 4.7%; P<.001) were significantly higher when compared with the control group. Patients with successful external cephalic version were more likely to have a cesarean delivery for dystocia (nulliparous, 22.5% vs 11.9%; P=.01; multiparous, 10.9% vs 1.3%; P<.01). After an adjustment for confounding variables, a successful external cephalic version was associated with an increased rate of cesarean delivery at term (nulliparous: odds ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.13-3.68; multiparous: odds ratio, 4.30; 95% CI, 1.76-10.54). CONCLUSION: The rate of cesarean delivery for dystocia is increased after a successful trial of external cephalic version in both nulliparous and multiparous women.     

The relationship between amniotic fluid index and successful external cephalic version: a 14-year experience

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to assess the association between amniotic fluid index (AFI), success of external cephalic version (ECV), and obstetric outcome in patients undergoing ECV. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective observational study was performed that included all patients who had a trial of ECV from 1987 to 2000 in our center. Rates of success, fetal heart decelerations during trial at ECV, and cesarean deliveries were calculated. Groups were divided by an AFI performed immediately before ECV: AFI less than 10 cm, 10 to 15 cm, and more than 15 cm. RESULTS: In our group of 1361 patients undergoing ECV, the rate of success was related to the AFI in both parous women (49.1%, 63.5% and 72.1% [P<.001] for each AFI group, respectively) and nulliparous women (36.5%, 43.6%, and 57.3% [P<.001]). The rate of cesarean section delivery was related to AFI in nulliparous but not multiparous patients (P<.001). The rate of prolonged fetal heart rate decelerations was not significantly related to the AFI. CONCLUSION: The rate of successful ECV and cesarean section deliveries is related to the amniotic fluid volume. This information may be used to consent patient before a trial of ECV.