老年急性冠脉综合征患者血清生长分化因子-15检测的临床意义

[目的]观察老年急性冠脉综合征（ACS ）患者血清生长分化因子-15（GDF-15）水平的变化及其临床意义。[方法]老年冠心病患者160例,包括ACS组116例[急性心肌梗死组（AMI）46例,不稳定性心绞痛（UAP）组70例],稳定性心绞痛组（SAP）44例,40例非冠心病患者作为对照组。ACS组中按冠脉病变分为A M I组（46例）、单支病变（24例）、双支病变（20例）、三支病变（26例）四组。采用酶联免疫法测定所有对象血清GDF-15浓度。[结果]老年ACS组GDF水平为（766．92±185．54）ng/L ,显著高于 SAP组（677．09±130．08）ng/L与对照组（641．97±143．90）ng/L ,SAP组组与对照组之间GDF-15水平无统计学差异（ P ＞0．05）,AMI组显著高于UAP组（ P ＜0．05）、三支病变组及其他各组（ P ＜0．05）。三支病变组高于双支病变组（ P ＜0．01）;双支病变组高于单支病变组（ P ＜0．05）。[结论]血清GDF-15水平与老年ACS严重程度密切相关,检测血清GDF-15对于老年ACS的诊断和危险分层有重要的临床意义。     

Nest building in nulligravid,primigravid and primiparous C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice (Mus musculus)

C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice differ in maternal behavior and nest building, but previous observations on nest building appear to be contradictory. Lactating B6 females spent more time nest building than lactating D2 females [Physiol. Behav. 67 (1999) 599.]; however, pregnant D2 females have been reported to build better nests than pregnant B6 females [Physiol. Behav. 29 (1982) 153.]. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, virgin B6 and D2 females were mated, and the nest quality of nulligravid, primigravid and lactating primiparous females was compared between groups and with that of virgin females. There were no strain differences in the nest ratings of virgin or mated nulligravid females, nor did these groups differ within strains. Pregnant and lactating females of both strains built better nests than nonpregnant females. There was an increase in nest ratings in both strains on the day of parturition. The nest ratings of pregnant and lactating females were higher in B6 than D2 females. The largest strain differences were observed between pregnant B6 and D2 females. One hypothesis to account for these results is that females of these two strains differ in their levels of or sensitivity to hormones during pregnancy and parturition.     

The hinge region in androgen receptor control

The region between the DNA-binding domain and the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors is termed the hinge region. Although this flexible linker is poorly conserved, diverse functions have been ascribed to it. For the androgen receptor (AR), the hinge region and in particular the (629)RKLKKL(634) motif, plays a central role in controlling AR activity, not only because it acts as the main part of the nuclear translocation signal, but also because it regulates the transactivation potential and intranuclear mobility of the receptor. It is also a target site for acetylation, ubiquitylation and methylation. The interplay between these different modifications as well as the phosphorylation at serine 650 will be discussed here. The hinge also has an important function in AR binding to classical versus selective androgen response elements. In addition, the number of coactivators/corepressors that might act via interaction with the hinge region is still growing. The importance of the hinge region is further illustrated by the different somatic mutations described in patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome and prostate cancer. In conclusion, the hinge region serves as an integrator for signals coming from different pathways that provide feedback to the control of AR activity.     

老年糖尿病患者血清GAD-Ab、ICA、IAA和IA-2-Ab联合检测的临床应用价值

[目的]探讨谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体（GAD-Ab）、胰岛细胞抗体（ICA）、胰岛自身抗体（IAA）和蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体（IA-2-Ab）联合检测对老年糖尿病患者的应用价值.[方法]采用免疫印迹法检测330例老年糖尿病患者和40例正常人血清中GAD-Ab、ICA、IAA和IA-2-Ab,并对四项自身抗体全阴患者与有一项以上阳性患者的空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后两小时血糖（2hPBG）和糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）等血液生化指标进行比较.[结果]430例老年糖尿病患者GAD-Ab、ICA、IAA和IA-2-Ab的阳性率分别为39.7%、28.5%、17.0%和16.4%,四项自身抗体全阴患者124例,占37.6%,与有一项以上阳性患者比较,其FPG、2hPBG和HbA1c水平无显著差异（P〉0.05）.[结论]四项联合检测对老年糖尿病患者的诊断及治疗方案的制定有重要意义     

脑梗死患者同型半胱氨酸血脂检测的意义

[目的]研究血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）检测对脑梗死患者的诊断意义,探讨脑梗死与HCY、血脂、血糖（GLU）及血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）的关系.[方法]测定分析98例脑梗死患者及40例正常健康体检人群血清HCY、甘油三酯（TG） 、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 （HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、GLU及Fg.[结果]脑梗死组的血清TC、血浆Fg水平与对照组相比无显著差异（P〉0.05）,脑梗死组血清HCY、TG、LDL-C、GLU水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,脑梗死组的血清HDL结果显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）.[结论]脑梗死与HCY升高关系密切.     

血清胱抑素C测定对糖尿病肾病的早期诊断价值

[目的]探讨血清胱抑素C(Cys-C)对糖尿病肾病(DN)早期的诊断价值.[方法]随机选择86例住院2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者和35例健康体检者作为研究对象,并根据尿微量白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将86例患者分成三组.A组:UAER＜20 μg/min,共38例;B组:UAER 20～200 μg/min,共28例;C组...     

2型糖尿病患者血糖、血脂与轻度认知功能损害的关系

【目的】探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者轻度认知功能损害（MCI）的相关因素。【方法】采用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）北京版量表作为认知功能的主要测评工具,选取T2DM合并MCI患者58例为研究对象,T2DM无MCI患者60例为对照。空腹静脉采血。测定入选病例的糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、血脂、肝肾功能。【结果】与对照组比较,MCI组非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（NHDL—C）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、HbAIc水平明显升高（P〈0．01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平降低（P〈0．01）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、肌酐（Cr）差异无统计学意义。两组糖尿病（DM）病程、体重指数（BMI）差异具有统计学意义（均P〈0．05）。【结论】NHDL—C是DM并发MCI危险性评估的一项有用的指标。T2DM患者血糖控制不良、血脂紊乱等因素与认知功能损害相关。     

2型糖尿病患者血糖波动与颈动脉内膜中层厚度相关性研究

【目的】探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者血糖（BG）波动与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）的相关性。【方法】选取本院长期随访的T2DM患者,根据彩超测定结果将病例分为颈动脉IMT增厚组（A组,IMT≥0．9mm）和颈动脉IMT正常组（B组,IMT〈0．9mm）,测量各组糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINs）及餐后2h胰岛素（2hiNS）、空腹及餐后2hC肽、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）。采用自我血糖监测（SMBG）方式记录检测结果,共24周。【结果】两组患者空腹血糖（FBG）无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,但三餐后血糖（PBG）水平、空腹平均血糖标准差（SDBG）、餐后SDBG均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。线性相关分析显示,IMT（转换后）与年龄、TC、TG、SBP、DBP、FBG、早餐后2hPBG、午餐后2hPBG、晚餐后午餐后2hPBG、空腹SDBG、餐后SDBG的线性相关关系显著（P〈0．05）,与性别、病程（转换后）、BMI、HbAlc（转换后）、HDL、LDL、FINS、2hFINS、空腹C肽、餐后2hC肽的相关关系不显著（P〉0．05）。偏相关分析显示IMT（转换后）与TC、TG、SBP、FBG、早餐后2hPBG、午餐后2hPBG、晚餐后午餐后2hPBG、空腹sDBG、餐后sDBG的相关关系显著（P〈0．05）,与DBP的相关关系不显著（P〉0．05）。以IMT（转换后）为因变量,多元逐步回归分析显示餐后sDBG、TC依次进入方程。【结论】血糖波动,尤其是餐后血糖波动与T2DM患者颈动脉IMT厚度密切相关。     

The Alcohol Deprivation Effect in C57BL/6J Mice is Observed Using Operant Self-Administration Procedures and is Modulated by CRF-1 Receptor Signaling

Background: The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is characterized by transient excessive alcohol consumption upon reinstatement of ethanol following a period of ethanol deprivation. While this phenomenon has been observed in rats using both bottle drinking (consummatory behavior) and operant self‐administration (consummatory and appetitive “ethanol‐seeking” behavior) procedures, ADE studies in mice have primarily relied on bottle drinking measures. Furthermore, the neurochemical pathways that modulate the ADE are not well understood. Therefore, we determined whether the ADE can be observed in C57BL/6J mice using operant self‐administration procedures and if expression of the ADE is modulated by the corticotropin releasing factor‐1 (CRF‐1) receptor. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were trained in a 2‐hour operant self‐administration paradigm to lever press for 10% ethanol or water on separate response keys. Between operant sessions, mice had access to ethanol in their homecage. Once stable responding occurred, mice were deprived of ethanol for 4 days and were then retested with ethanol in the operant paradigm for 3 consecutive days. Next, to assess the role of the CRF‐1 receptor, mice were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection (0, 10, or 20 mg/kg) of the CRF‐1 receptor antagonist CP‐154,526 30 minutes before ADE testing. Additional experiments assessed (i) ADE responding in which the alternate response lever was inactive, (ii) the effects of CP‐154,526 on self‐administration of a 1% sucrose solution following 4 days of deprivation, and (iii) ADE responding in which mice did not received i.p. injections throughout the experiment. Results: Mice exhibited a significant increase in postdeprivation lever responding for ethanol with either a water reinforced or inactive alternate lever. Interestingly, i.p. injection of a 10 mg/kg dose of CP‐154,526 protected against the ADE while not affecting lever responding for a sucrose solution. Finally, baseline and deprivation‐induced increases of ethanol reinforced lever responding were greater in mice not given i.p. injections. Conclusions: The ADE in C57BL/6J mice can be modeled using the operant self‐administration paradigm and increased ethanol self‐administration associated with the ADE is modulated by CRF‐1 receptor signaling.     

Effects of sea buckthorn oil intake on vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled study

Background

Vaginal atrophy, the thinning and drying of vaginal mucosa, is associated with menopause. The standard estrogen treatment is not suitable for all women.

Objective

To investigate the effects of oral sea buckthorn (SB) oil supplementation on vaginal atrophy.

Method

A total of 116 postmenopausal women experiencing symptoms of vaginal dryness, itching or burning were randomized to this placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Ninety-eight participants completed the intervention of three months, during which they consumed 3 g of SB or placebo oil daily. At the beginning and end, factors of vaginal health were scored by a gynecologist, vaginal pH and moisture were measured and vaginal health index was calculated. Symptoms of atrophy and menopause were evaluated at study visits and by daily logbooks. Serum samples were collected for the analysis of circulating lipids, liver enzymes and C-reactive protein.

Results

Compared to placebo, there was a significantly better rate of improvement in the integrity of vaginal epithelium in the SB group when both compliant and noncompliant participants were included (odds ratio (OR) = 3.1, 95% CI 1.11–8.95). A beneficial trend was observed when only the compliant participants were included (OR = 2.9; 95% CI 0.99–8.35). There was a tendency (P = 0.08) toward better improvement of vaginal health index from baseline to the end in the SB group [(0.8 (SD 2.8)] compared to placebo [−0.1 (SD 2.0)].

Conclusions

SB oil showed beneficial effects on vaginal health, indicating it is a potential alternative for mucosal integrity for those women not able to use estrogen treatment for vaginal atrophy.