Substance use and misuse in persons with intellectual disabilities (ID): Results of a survey in ID and addiction services in Flanders

Little is known about the characteristics of substance users with intellectual disabilities (ID). Nevertheless, this group is assumed to be at greater risk of developing substance misuse problems. This study focuses on substance users and misusers with ID, and investigates whether the two groups differ significantly in terms of the nature and consequences of their substance (mis)use. Information regarding the characteristics of the substance (mis)users, the substances used, the negative consequences of substance (mis)use, and the service use was collected through a questionnaire forwarded to ID and addiction services in Flanders. Caregivers identified 104 substance users and misusers with ID. Overall, few differences were observed between users and misusers. This finding underscores that substance use in persons with ID can have important consequences. Substance misusers, however, were found to have more mood changes, more suicidal ideation/thoughts, and more negative long-term consequences on their health, daily activity, and relationships due to substance misuse. Substance use and misuse were associated with mental health problems and were suggested to be a risk factor for offending behavior. To provide appropriate support for this specific population, an individualized approach is suggested that supports better intersectoral collaboration between services.     

慢性牙周炎口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌分离鉴定及促进食管鳞癌演进

目的分离、鉴定口腔变黑普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella nigrescens,P.nigrescens),探讨其对食管鳞癌是否有促进作用。方法胰豆胨肝粉琼脂(GAM)培养基厌氧原代培养慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液,挑选黑色菌落分离纯化;革兰染色、16S rRNA基因测序鉴定分离的单克隆细菌;该细菌感染食管鳞癌细胞NE6-T后细胞生物学性状变化。结果慢性牙周炎患者龈沟液厌氧原代培养120 h后可见多个菌落,其中灰黑色菌落经连续划线法分离纯化为黑色、圆形光滑单克隆菌落。该细菌革兰染色阴性、串珠状排列,16S rDNA序列与P.nigrescens F0103同源性为99.78%(P.nigrescens LY01)。LY01感染促进NE6-T细胞体外增殖、迁移、侵袭和裸鼠皮下荷瘤生长,并诱导Ki67表达上调和p-STAT3激活。结论慢性牙周炎口腔P.nigrescens可能促进了食管鳞癌发展。     

DNA条形码研究进展

DNA条形码（ DNA Barcoding ）技术是一种新的物种识别方法,它是分子生物学和生物信息学相结合的产物。在最近几年里,该技术已成为生物分类学中引人注目的研究热点。这一概念认为,类似于商店里使用扫描仪读取条形码,对地球上每一种生物通过快速分析其DNA中的一段基因（线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶Ⅰ亚基, mt COⅠ）加以识别。理论上, DNA条形码已被证明在生物分类鉴定中具有非常重要的作用,并推动了一系列相关学科的发展,但目前不同分类学家对其持的意见也不尽相同。本文综述了DNA条形码技术的产生、发展概况、原理与操作及其在分类中的应用,并概括了DNA条形码在应用于物种分类中可能存在的问题。     

Identification of oral bacteria by 16S rRNA gene analysis in elderly persons requiring nursing care

After incubation of saliva from 58 semi-bedridden elderly persons, the cultures were identified based on the 16S rRNA gene base sequence to compare the identification by the conventional culture method. As a result, the 16S rRNA gene base sequence of 198 strains identified by the culture method showed 98.5% or more homology in some of the Human Oral Microbiome database, and the identification of bacterial species and genus was possible. When an organism identified by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method was compared with that by the culture method, the concordance rates were 54.5% at the genus level and 35.9% at the species level. Streptococcus mitis strains most frequently isolated from saliva that were identified by the culture method were identified as the same species by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method (32/35), and all the 11 Streptococcus salivarius strains identified by the culture method were identified as the same species by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. All the strains identified as Streptococcus anginosus group by the culture method and 8 of the 9 strains identified as Prevotella species by the culture method were identified as the same group and genus by the 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. When an oral microbial flora test with saliva samples from elderly persons is performed, the 16S rRNA gene sequence identification enables us to identify major indigenous bacteria and pathogenic bacteria and is considered useful as a means of supplementing the conventional culture method.     

兔主动脉内皮细胞培养及鉴定：内皮细胞分离方式及培养条件的改良

背景：获取内皮细胞的方法有机械刮取、组织块移植和酶消化法3种。一直以来，内皮细胞的培养方法也在不断的更新。 目的：探讨兔主动脉内皮细胞的培养和鉴定方法。 方法：取1周龄新西兰大耳白兔主动脉，剥去外膜，内膜面向下铺入2 g/LⅠ型胶原酶、2 g/LⅢ型胶原酶，2 g/L Ⅳ型胶原酶和2 g/L Ⅴ型胶原酶混合消化液中(按1∶1∶1∶1∶1混合)消化20 min，按1∶1加入培养基以终止消化。轻轻刮下内膜层细胞，将细胞悬液离心，用DMEM培养液(含胎牛血清20%、VEGF 1 μg/L、bFGF 2 μg/L，庆大霉素6 U/L)混匀沉淀细胞，吹打分散至单个细胞培养，48 h后用首次换液。再按1∶2分瓶传代培养。采用倒置相差显微镜观察细胞培养结果。免疫组织化学及免疫荧光鉴定Ⅷ因子相关抗原。电镜观察Weibel-Paladed小体。 结果与结论：体外获得并培养5代内皮细胞。Ⅷ因子相关抗原及电镜观察W-P小体均证实实验成功的培养了原代及传代内皮细胞。提示兔主动脉内皮细胞可从主动脉获得并通过培养成为细胞系，Ⅷ因子相关抗原及电镜观察W-P小体联合鉴定是确定内皮细胞的良好方法。     

氨茶碱鉴别咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床意义

目的：探讨氨茶碱在急诊科鉴别咳嗽变异性哮喘中的临床意义,为临床急诊医生进一步指引患者进行专科治疗提供一定的客观依据。方法：将120例诊断为慢性咳嗽的患者随机分为两组,每组60例,观察组在使用抗生素的基础上配合使用氨茶碱,对照组使用抗生素,两组均进行相应的常规治疗,观察氨茶碱组与其他3种检测方法的阳性率,与抗生素治疗比较疗效判断指标。结果：氨茶碱推测性诊断的阳性率是51.7%。结论：氨茶碱能够缓解咳嗽变异性哮喘症状,为临床医生的诊断思路以及患者早期进行治疗提供帮助。     

毛蚶中抗癌活性肽高效液相指纹图谱分析研究

应用RP-HPLC技术分析毛蚶中的抗癌活性肽.毛蚶活性肽的最优分离条件为:温度:30℃;波长:280nm;流速:1.0 ml/min;流动相A为80%乙腈(含0.1%TFA),流动相B为0.1%TFA水溶液,梯度洗脱.应用上述条件,成功地得到了10批样品的指纹图谱,并确定了14个共有峰.