中药柴胡的药源调查及商品鉴定

通过对全国27个省区的药源调查和商品鉴定,较系统地整理了我国中药柴胡使用的原植物:共19种、5变种、1变型。并通过对102件柴胡商品的鉴定,发现其主流品种为:北柴胡、小叶黑柴胡、红柴胡和窄竹叶柴胡。     

钟乳鹅管石与珊瑚鹅管石的鉴别

本文从药材性状、光学显微性质及元素含量等方面,对目前市场上混用的二类“鹅管石”药材——钟乳鹅管石和珊瑚鹅管石进行了鉴别比较。表明二者不应混同入药。     

Molecular identification of vectors of Leishmania in Colombia: mitochondrial introgression in the Lutzomyia townsendi series

The identity of the sandfly vectors of Leishmania braziliensis in Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia, was originally given as Lutzomyia townsendi, but then changed to L. youngi, another member of the L. townsendi series (Verrucarum group) with isomorphic females. To identify members of this series in Valle del Cauca, we analyzed the nuclear gene elongation factor-alpha (EF-alpha) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (Cyt b). DNA sequences from the L. verrucarum series (L. columbiana, L. evansi and L. ovallesi) were used as outgroups. Flies from two locations on the western cordillera of the Andes were identified as L. townsendi s.s., according to male morphology and distinctive gene lineages. In the third location, on the central cordillera of the Andes, most specimens were identified as belonging to a geographical population of L. youngi, according to male morphology, an EF-alpha lineage shared with L. youngi from the Venezuelan-type locality, and a distinctive Cyt b sub-lineage. All other specimens were identified as L. youngi with the introgressed Cyt b sequences of L. townsendi. Such interspecific introgression implies that vectorial traits and ecological associations may no longer be viewed as fixed properties of different morphospecies.     

Parallel Cascade Recognition of Exon and Intron DNA Sequences

Many of the current procedures for detecting coding regions on human DNA sequences combine a number of individual techniques such as discriminant analysis and neural net methods. Recent papers have used techniques from nonlinear systems identification, in particular, parallel cascade identification (PCI), as one means for classifying protein sequences into their structure/function groups. In the present paper, PCI is used in a pilot study to distinguish exon (coding) from intron (noncoding; interspersed within genes) human DNA sequences. Only the first exon and first intron sequences with known boundaries in genomic DNA from the T-cell receptor locus were used for training. Then, the parallel cascade classifiers were able to achieve classification rates of about 89% on novel sequences in a test set, and averaged about 82% when results of a blind test were included. In testing over a much wider range of human nucleotide sequences, PCI classifiers averaged 83.6% correct classifications. These results indicate that parallel cascade classifiers may be useful components in future coding region detection programs. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8715Cc, 8714Gg, 8715Aa     

山楂鉴别用对照品牡荆素鼠李糖苷的专属性考察

山楂甲醇提取物经DM130型大孔吸附树脂－聚酰胺小柱净化,用聚酰胺薄膜层析鉴别山楂中的牡荆素鼠李糖甙（I）,并采用该法对伪品山楂和含牡荆素的常用中药进行了专属性考察。结果表明,I是山楂的专属性成分,用其作对照品鉴别山楂更具有专属性和科学性。     

待产妇与不同疾病患者血清蛋白电泳图谱的鉴别分析

目的:了解待产妇和肾病型、慢性肝损伤型及异常浆细胞克隆增殖型患者血清蛋白电泳图谱特征。方法:采用国产全自动琼脂糖电泳系统对待产妇女和肾病、肝病、多发性骨髓瘤等患者新鲜血清标本进行血清蛋白电泳分析。结果:待产妇血清白蛋白的相对值、γ球蛋白的相对值降低,而α2、β球蛋白相对增加,不同生理条件或不同疾病下其血清蛋白组分变化均不同。结论:新鲜血清蛋白质经电泳后,可精确地显示并定量不同生理及病理条件下血清蛋白成分的变化。     

傣药"锅砂"的性状及显微鉴别

对我国傣族及多个少数民族所使用的药材“锅砂”(桑科植物构树Broussonetia papyrifera(L.) Vent.的根)进行了性状及显微鉴别研究,绘制了其根的组织粉末显微简、详图。结果表明,该品根的横切面与粉末显微特征明显,为该药材的深入研究及开发推广应用提供了鉴别参考依据。     

桂西生姜总黄酮的提取及对羟自由基的清除作用研究

目的探讨桂西生姜总黄酮的提取、鉴别及对羟自由基清除作用,以充分利用桂西生姜植物资源,避免资源的浪费。方法采用超声波乙醇浸提法从桂西生姜中提取黄酮类物质,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并用分光光度法测定含量,用桂西生姜总黄酮对羟自由基清除作用进行实验。结果测得样品中总黄酮的含量C=0.9573 mg/ml,回收率为101.8%,其纯度和产率均较高。结论该方法采用全物理过程,无任何污染,是提取桂西生姜黄酮类物质的有效途径。桂西生姜总黄酮提取液对Fenton体系产生的.OH自由基有很好的清除作用。     

细辛类药材挥发油薄层层析比较

为给细辛类药材的鉴别提供依据,采用薄层层析法比较了细辛类药材挥发油的化学成分。发现正品细辛地上部分与对应地下部分挥发油的薄层层析图谱仅稍有差异;汉城细辛挥发油的薄层层析图谱与北细辛相似,与华细辛区别较大;细辛类药材挥发油的薄层层析图谱在种内有较好的稳定性,种间差别明显。表明正品细辛地上部分与相应地下部分挥发油的化学成分组成相似;该方法可用于细辛类药材的种间鉴别。     

红花掺伪品菊花瓣鉴别

对红花的掺伪品菊花瓣作了性状、显微、理化等方面的鉴别,并将两者作了对比。