萎缩胸腺的扫描电镜观察

本文报告8例萎缩胸腺及3例正常胸腺的扫描电镜观察。全部胸腺组织取材于经10％甲醛固定的尸检病例。描述了萎缩胸腺的表面及立体组织结构,并观察到三种萎缩程度不同的胸腺结构变化。     

Clinical study on acupuncture plus medication for chronic atrophic gastritis due to spleen-stomach deficiency

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of combining acupuncture and medication in treating chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） due to spleen-stomach deficiency.
Methods： Totally 176 patients with CAG were randomized into two groups by the random number table. The 91 subjects in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture and oral Chinese patent medication; the other 85 subjects were by oral Chinese patent medication alone. The clinical efficacies were compared at the end of intervention.
Results： After a treatment course, the total effective rate was 87.9% in the treatment group versus 75.3% in the control group; according to the gastroscopy and pathological biopsy examinations, the total effective rate was 85.7% in the treatment group versus 74.1% in the control group. There were significant differences in comparing the clinical efficacy, gastroscopy and pathological examinations between the two groups （P〈0.05）.
Conclusion： Combining acupuncture and medication can produce a better therapeutic efficacy than medication alone in treating CAG due to spleen-stomach deficiency.     

Prosthetic management of atrophic rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis is a form of chronic rhinitis in which the nasal mucosa atrophies and hardens, causing the nasal passages to dilate and dry out. Other prominent findings include bad smell, extensive nasal crusting and bleeding. Surgical and nonsurgical methods have been advocated for its treatment. We describe a prosthetic technique for its management     

Laser treatment of scars and keloids – How we do it

The existence of scars may present considerable problems for patients. As well as being sometimes disfiguring and having an influence on a person's perception of him or herself, hypertrophic scars and keloids can often also cause pruritus, dysesthesia and pain, and can form strictures.

Since the first attempts to influence hypertrophic scars and keloids with lasers, many refinements in the technology and improved laser treatment techniques have taken place. Flashlamp-pumped dye lasers and near infrared (NIR) lasers are the most frequently used lasers for hypertrophic scar treatment, whereas CO₂ and Er:YAG lasers are preferred to diminish atrophic scars. Non-ablative skin remodeling may be used for minor changes.

Lasers and other intensive light sources can also play a role in prevention of scars, and new strategies for acne treatment are on the horizon.     

萎缩性胆囊炎脂餐前后声像变化的探讨

目的对萎缩性胆囊炎患者进食脂肪餐后胆囊的声像变化进行分析、比较。方法在超声筛查出的17例胆囊萎缩患者,进食脂肪餐后30min复查,了解胆囊大小、内腔液区和囊内结石显示情况的变化。结果17例中,脂餐后胆囊均增大,胆囊轮廓、囊内情况较餐前更易显示,胆囊结石检出率增高。结论对超声检查胆囊显示不清或萎缩的患者,可采用进食脂肪餐后复查,对提高超声诊断的准确性有较大帮助。     

Ratio between serum IL-8 and pepsinogen A/C: a marker for atrophic body gastritis

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated serum gastrin and a low pepsinogen A/C ratio are well-recognized markers for atrophic body gastritis (ABG). We have shown that the presence of body atrophy is also associated with elevated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines. This study tested the hypothesis that serum cytokines provide additional information to gastrin and pepsinogens in screening for ABG. METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-six consecutive patients were investigated on referral for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: 150 were patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, receiving acid inhibitory medication either with proton pump inhibitors (n = 113) or with histamine2-receptor antagonists (n = 37), and 76 were nontreated controls, who had normal endoscopic findings. Gastric mucosal biopsies were sampled for histological examination (Sydney classification). Serum samples were analyzed for gastrin, chromogranin A (CgA), and pepsinogens A and C by RIA, and for the interleukins (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8 by ELISA. RESULTS: Subjects with ABG had significantly higher serum gastrin (P < 0.01) and serum CgA (P < 0.01) levels and significantly lower pepsinogen A/C ratios (P < 0.001) than those without ABG. Additionally, serum IL-1beta, IL-6 and, especially, IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the subjects with than in those without ABG (P < 0.0001, for all cytokines). To optimize the detection of body atrophy we defined the ABG index: the ratio between the simultaneously measured IL-8 and pepsinogen A/C. The area under the ROC curve for the ABG index was significantly greater than that for serum gastrin and for serum pepsinogen A/C alone (0.91 +/- 0.029 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.042, and vs. 0.83 +/- 0.031, P = 0.018 and P = 0.049). Using the ABG index at a cut-off value of 1.8 pg mL-1, 91% of the cases were classified correctly. CONCLUSIONS: The ratio between serum IL-8 and pepsinogen A/C accurately predicts the presence of ABG. We therefore propose the ABG index as a noninvasive screening test for ABG in population-based studies.     

HOGG1 polymorphism in atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori eradication

AIM:To investigate the association between Ser326Cys human oxoguanine glycosylase 1(hOGG1) polymorphism and atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer after Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) eradication.METHODS:A total of 488 subjects(73 patients with gastric cancer,160 with atrophic gastritis after H.pylori eradication and 255 controls) were prospectively collected.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to distinguish hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism.Statistical analys...     

Gastric Status and Vitamin B12 Levels in Cardiovascular Patients

Proper absorption of vitamin B12 requires gastric corpus mucosa that functions appropriately and secretes intrinsic factor needed as an essential cofactor for the absorption of dietary vitamin B12 in the small bowel. Here we describe the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and atrophic corpus gastritis (ACG) in patients with coronary heart disease. Fasting serum was obtained from patients who were admitted for cardiovascular diseases at the Coronary Care Unit in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The status of gastric mucosa was assessed by using the serum levels of pepsinogens I and II, gastrin-17, and Helicobacter pylori IgG antibodies and analyzed over vitamin B12 level subgroups. The study population consisted of 376 patients (mean age, 65 years [SD, 13 years], 227 [60%] males). Low vitamin B12 levels (<150 pM) were detected in 28 patients (7%). Of these 28 patients, 5 (18%) had ACG according to the biomarker assays. Altogether, another 140 patients (37%) had vitamin B12 levels between 150 and 250 pM, of whom 10 (7%) had ACG. Of the remaining patients, five (2%) had ACG. Deficiency of vitamin B12 is common among subjects with coronary heart disease. Up to 20% of these deficiencies are related to ACG. Professor Pentti Sipponen is scientific advisor for Biohit Plc, the company that developed the H. pylori, serum pepsinogen, and gastrin-17 assays.     

Relevant Anatomic and Biomechanical Studies for Implant Possibilities on the Atrophic Maxilla: Critical Appraisal and Literature Review

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to highlight anatomic and biomechanical aspects of atrophic maxillae for implant possibilities. Materials and Methods: A MEDLINE electronic search of the years 1966 to 2009 was conducted with the keywords “atrophic,”“resorbed,”“edentulous,” and “maxilla.” Results: Twenty papers presented the following findings: (1) previous use of a removable prosthesis is a risk factor for resorption, with flabby tissues related to the severity of resorption; (2) implants in the reconstructed maxilla (≤5 mm) and supporting overdentures had a higher risk for bone loss based on the worse periimplant soft‐tissue health observed; (3) bleeding on probing was found with pocket depths ≥5 mm in half of the zygomatic implants; (4) prevalence of bone septa is higher in atrophic maxillae, and changes on nasopalatine canal can reduce up to 44.4% of the full length of buccal bone plates; (5) female patients have less medullar bone quantity and connectivity than male patients; (6) transectioning of nutrient vessels is easier and accelerates resorption; (7) stress does not concentrate on maxillary sinus base cortical bone contiguous to trabecular bone; (8) splinted implants receive nine times less load than nonsplinted implants even under oblique loading; (9) implant stability quotient (ISQ) values for implants ranged between 60 and 65; (10) in vivo force transfer to implants is similar between fixed prostheses and overdentures; (11) inclined implants generate better biomechanical responses; (12) masticatory efficiency and bite forces improve in maxillectomized patients who receive obturators with milled bar attachments. Conclusion: Sound implant‐supported choices for an atrophic maxilla must be made with a thorough understanding of its anatomic and biomechanical factors.     

One‐Year Outcome of Implants Strategically Placed in the Retrocanine Bone Triangle

Background: Implant treatment in the partially edentulous maxilla is often challenging because of minimum bone volumes in distal direction. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate, after 1 year of loading, the outcome of three‐unit fixed partial dentures supported by two implants in the retrocanine triangle. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with atrophic posterior maxillae participated in the study. A total of 40 implants were placed in residual bone anterior to the sinus wall and posterior to the canine. Implant angulations and lengths were chosen to match as much as possible boundaries of the available bone. After a 6‐month healing period, three‐unit, screw‐retained, fixed partial dentures were delivered. The patients were clinically and radiographically reexamined after 1 year of loading. Results: All the implants survived at the end of the follow‐up. No differences in bone level changes resulted between axial and tilted implants. No biological or mechanical complications were recorded. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this short‐term study on relatively few patients, a positive outcome was seen for three‐unit fixed partial dentures supported by two implants. Retrocanine placement of implants with carefully planned lengths and angulations might be an alternative to grafting procedures for restoration of atrophic posterior maxillae.