Combined with ticagrelor, 50 mg aspirin daily can reduce bleeding events without increasing ischemic risk compared with 75–100 mg aspirin daily in coronary artery disease patients: insights from the TIFU (Ticagrelor in Fuwai Hospital) study

Abstract

Patients treated with ticagrelor and aspirin usually suffer from bleeding events, especially mild bleeding which is one of the main factors reducing patients’ adherence to ticagrelor. The objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor combined with a lower dose of aspirin (50 mg) than that recommended by guidelines (75–100 mg). In this study, we prospectively enrolled 1220 patients who take ticagrelor in the hospital. After excluding the patients who did not take ticagrelor after discharge or lost to follow-up, the remaining 1066 patients were divided into two aspirin dose groups: 75–100 mg (n = 744) and 50 mg (n = 322). The rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), bleeding events and ticagrelor adherence were compared between the two groups. MACEs risk was not significantly different between the two groups (OR = 0.563, 95% CI: 0.244–1.300, P = .179). However, 50 mg aspirin was associated with a lower risk of any Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) bleeding events (OR = 0.605, 95% CI: 0.399–0.713, P = .001), also lower BARC bleeding events (OR = 0.639, 95% CI: 0.468–0.872, P = .005). Moreover, lower-dose aspirin was associated with a lower rate of ticagrelor withdrawal (OR = 0.459, 95% CI: 0.279–0.754, P = .002), mainly because of the decrease in ticagrelor withdrawal due to bleeding (OR = 0.378, 95% CI: 0.156–0.916, P = .031). After propensity score matching (PSM), a total of 317 patients in each group were matched. The MACEs composite was not significantly different between the two matched groups and 50 mg aspirin was associated with a lower risk of bleeding events and low ticagrelor withdrawal before and after multivariate adjustment. In conclusion, among patients who took ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily), 50 mg aspirin daily is associated with a lower rate of bleeding events and ticagrelor withdrawal but does not increase the MACE risk compared with 75–100 mg aspirin daily.     

Effects of cigarette smoking on older chinese men treated with clopidogrel monotherapy or aspirin monotherapy: a prospective study

Abstract

We investigated the comparative effects of smoking status on outcomes in older Chinese men receiving aspirin or clopidogrel monotherapy. This was a prospective observational study of outcomes in 668 men aged ≥ 60 years undergoing annual health examination in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital from March–April 2017. All patients received regular treatment with aspirin or clopidogrel. Platelet aggregation and phenotyping for rs762551 were measured in all patients. We recorded all major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events; namely, all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, and unstable angina. In the clopidogrel subgroup, homozygous carriers (AA) of the CYP1A2*1F gene (rs762551, 163C>A) appeared more frequently in smokers than in nonsmokers (45.6% vs 32.7%, p = .035). Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation using light transmittance aggregometry was lower in smokers compared with nonsmokers (44.97 ± 20.05% vs 51.98 ± 19.38%, respectively; p = .0018). Smokers (n = 103) had a decreased risk of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, compared with nonsmokers [n = 159; hazard ratio, 0.466; 95% confidence interval: 0.262–0.829, p = .008]. In the aspirin subgroup, AA-induced platelet aggregation showed no significant difference regarding smoking vs nonsmoking status (30.90 ± 32.21 vs 29.78 ± 31.47, respectively; p = .771). However, we saw a significant increase in adverse clinical events in the smoking group (n = 148) compared with the nonsmoking group (n = 258; hazard ratio = 1.907, 95% confidence interval: 1.128–3.225; p = .016). In older Chinese men, active smokers benefitted from clopidogrel therapy compared with aspirin. Long-term cigarette smoking may contribute to increased variations in CYP1A2*1F, but the variations do not fully explain the smoking paradox.     

PAS疗法对老年血脂紊乱合并颈动脉粥样硬化患者的疗效观察

目的 观察联合应用阿司匹林、阿托伐他汀、普罗布考（PAS疗法）对于老年血脂紊乱患者颈动脉粥样硬化的疗效.方法 选取2011年4月-2012年5月171例血脂紊乱合并颈动脉粥样硬化的老年患者,随机分为PAS组57例、AS组58例、A组56例进行比较研究.PAS组予普罗布考（0.5 g/d）,阿司匹林（100 mg/d）,阿托伐他汀钙（20 mg/d）; AS组予阿司匹林（100 mg/d）,阿托伐他汀钙（20 mg/d）;A组予阿司匹林（100 mg/d）.结果 PAS组、AS组治疗后与本组治疗前及A组治疗后比较,总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、超敏C反应蛋白、白介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α水平、颈动脉内膜中层厚度以及颈动脉斑块积分均显著改善（P〈0.05,P＜0.01）.治疗后PAS组TC、LDL-C、TNF-α水平与AS组差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 治疗血脂紊乱的老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者,他汀类药物结合抗血小板类药物通过调节血脂、抗炎,起到抗动脉粥样硬化的作用,加用普罗布考可以发挥更显著的疗效.     

血栓弹力图在预防PICC相关性静脉血栓中的作用

目的探讨血栓弹力图(TEG)在预防肿瘤患者经外周置入中心静脉导管(PICC)相关性静脉血栓中的作用。方法将符合纳入、排除标准的217名患者随机分为观察组112名和对照组105名。观察组患者分别于PICC置管前、置管后监测TEG,并根据TEG参数提示的凝血状态指导口服阿司匹林预防血栓治疗。对照组患者按常规PICC置管。两组患者分别于PICC置管后6周内每周1次,行血管超声检查,比较观察组血液高凝状态者口服阿司匹林干预前及干预1周后TEG变化情况和2组PICC相关性静脉血栓发生率。结果观察组26例血液高凝状态者口服阿司匹林干预后,TEG各项指标与干预前比较,均P<0.01,差异有统计学意义;观察组与对照组PICC相关性静脉血栓发生率分别为0.89%(1/112)、20.95%(22/105),2组静脉血栓比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=23.014,P<0.001)。结论 TEG可有效预测PICC相关性静脉血栓的形成,为患者建立个体化的防治血栓的措施。     

The effect of aspirin on mean platelet volume in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Aspirin is one of the preferred therapies in the primary prevention of ischemic stroke in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet size and activation. Increased MPV reflects active and large platelets. The present observational study was designed to investigate whether aspirin treatment does affect MPV levels in patients with PAF. The study included 101 patients who were detected to have PAF by 24-hour Holter monitoring and divided into two groups based on aspirin treatment [ASA (+) and ASA (?)]. MPV was measured. Patients with aortic and mitral stenosis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, malignancy, infection, and pregnancy were excluded from the study. Of the 101 patients, 50 had no antiplatelet therapy and 51 had daily aspirin (100?mg) intake. Mean age of the patients was 66?±?10 years and 35 (68%) were male in ASA (+) group. There was no difference in median levels of MPV (9.9 vs. 10.2?fl, respectively; p?=?0.9) between groups. Both uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses did not show an association between MPV and ASA use. Our results indicate that MPV as a predictive marker of platelet size and activity is not affected by aspirin use in patients with PAF.     

The Secondary Prevention of myocardial infarction by drug treatment; excluding lipid lowering agents

About 10% of survivors of an acute myocardial infarction will die in the following year. Thereafter the risk declines but reinfarction is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity.

The post infarction trials have clearly shown that the best proven agents to mitigate this toll are aspirin, beta adrenoceptor blockers, and verapamil (but not other calcium blockers, except diltiazem for non Q wave infarction). In the context of hypertension treatment these post infarction trials may have important lessons for drug selection and ancillary treatment since the majority of subjects will ultimately die of ischaemic heart disease

Although the newer agents such as ACE and renin inhibitors, newer calcium channel blockers and alpha blockers have many promising properties in terms of risk factor reduction, no convincing mortality data exists; it is needed.

This review will deal with the known effects (both good and bad) of antihypertensive agents and will also review other drug strategies relevant to the hypertensive patient. It will also point out large areas of ignorance.     

网织血小板百分比增加与阿司匹林抵抗的关系

目的:以网织血小板(RP)百分比代表血小板更新率,研究RP百分比与阿司匹林抵抗(AR)发生率之间的关系,阐明血小板更新率对AR的影响。方法:选取80名服用阿司匹林的患者,测定其服用阿司匹林(100mg.d-1)≥7d后的RP百分比以及在花生四烯酸(AA)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)诱导下的血小板聚集率。将患者分为AR组、阿司匹林半抵抗(ASR)组、阿司匹林敏感(AS)组,比较AR、ASR、AS3组之间RP百分比的差异是否有统计学意义。结果:AR、ASR、AS3组RP百分比分别为(4.11±2.62)%、(2.23±1.79)%、(2.18±1.24)%,AR、AS组之间RP百分比有显著性差异(P<0.05),AR、ASR组之间RP百分比有显著性差异(P<0.05),ASR、AS组之间RP百分比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:血小板更新率增加可能会导致AR,冠心病患者可能需要在1天内多次服用阿司匹林抗血小板治疗,或将阿司匹林改为控释或缓释剂型,建议对这些疗法的安全性和有效性进行临床试验来验证。     

HPLC测定阿司达莫缓释片的含量

目的 建立测定阿司达莫缓释片含量的方法.方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(200 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05 mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(52:48),检测波长275 nm,柱温35℃,流速1.0 ml·min-1,以内标法计算阿司达莫缓释片的含量.结果 阿司匹林的线性范围为6～16μg·ml-1(r=0.9999),低、中、高3种浓度的平均回收率分别为101.4%±1.1%、97.1%±1.3%、94.2%±1.5%(n=3);双嘧达莫的线性范围为20～120 μg·ml-1(r=0.9998),低、中、高3种浓度的平均回收率分别为98.6%±2.3%、99.0%±1.6%、101.4%±2.3%(n=3).结论 所建方法简便、准确、专属性强,可用于阿司达莫缓释片的质量控制.