万年蒿及其有效成分的药理作用研究进展

万年蒿 Artemisia sacrorum 是中国东北地区的习用药材,有清热解毒、凉血止血、止痛的功效。现代药理学研究表明,万年蒿及其有效成分在保肝、抗癌、抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗肥胖、抗菌、抗氧化、镇痛等方面具有良好的药理活性,同时对万年蒿防治肝损伤、抗癌、抗炎、抗肥胖等的作用机制进行了研究。随着蒿属植物研究的深入,万年蒿作为常用的蒿属植物得到了更多的关注。对万年蒿及其有效成分的药理作用进行综述,以期为进一步利用、质量控制以及新药研发提供依据。     

三镜联合术联合静脉注射舒肝宁治疗梗阻性化脓性胆管炎46例

目的 探讨三镜联合术联合舒肝宁注射液治疗梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的疗效及对血清和胆汁中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白细胞介素(IL)-6 和IL-10水平的影响。方法 收集92例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎患者,根据随机数字表法分为治疗组(46例)和对照组(46例);所有患者给予禁饮食等常规干预;对照组应用十二指肠镜、腹腔镜、胆道镜行胆囊切除及胆道探查术;治疗组:在对照组基础上于术后1 d应用舒肝宁注射液治疗,1次/d,连续治疗1周。比较两组直接胆红素(DBIL)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)及胆碱酯酶(CHE)水平;对所有患者随访12个月,比较两组并发症发生率;检测两组血清和胆汁中TNF-α、IL-6 和IL-10水平。结果 治疗组血清DBIL和ALT水平明显低于对照组,CHE明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);随访1年后,治疗组患者未见结石残留等并发症,对照组患者并发症发生率为13.04%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后5 d,治疗组患者血清和胆汁中TNF-α和IL-6水平均明显低于对照组,IL-10水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论 三镜联合术联合舒肝宁注射液治疗梗阻性化脓性胆管炎的疗效明显,且可降低并发症发生率,抑制血清和胆汁中TNF-α和IL-6 水平及上调IL-10水平可能与上述疗效有关。     

Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cell Line SMMC-7721 Induced by Water-soluble Macromolecular Components of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of water-soluble macromolecular components of Artemisia capillaris Thunberg (ACT) on human hepatoma cell line SMMC-7721 (SMMC-7721). The morphological changes of SMMC-7721 were observed under a light microscope and an electron microscope. Inhibition of proliferation was measured with a colorimetric MTT assay. It was discovered that ACT extract-treated cells exhibit morphological changes typical of apoptosis, including condensed chromatin and a reduction in volume. ACT extract at 25–200 μg/ml dosedependently inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721. The 50% effective dose, evaluated on day 3 of exposure to the extract, was 64.52±3.53 μg/ml. Upon gel electrophoresis, the fragmented DNA showed a characteristic ladder pattern. Cell cycle analyses revealed that ACT induced cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase.     

Pharmacological action of aqueous crude extracts of Artemisia verlotorum Lamotte (Compositae)

The pharmacological study of the responses evoked by a dried aqueous extract of Artemisia verlotorum on different guinea-pig and rat isolated organs in vitro, suggests a possible muscarinic activity as a cause of the antihypertensive activity. The ability of atropine, in ileum preparations, and of N_ω-nitro L -arginine methyl ester, in aortic preparations, to inhibit the plant effects seems to confirm the muscarinic nature of the responses © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于功效古今演变的艾叶研究进展与应用思考

艾叶是生活和临床中最为常见的中药之一,具有适应性广、治疗效果优等特点。古代医籍文献中将艾叶功效归纳为散寒止痛、温经止血2大类,临床常治疗下焦虚寒及妇人血证等疾病。近年来,研究发现艾叶具有抗菌抗病毒、凝血止血、抗肿瘤、止咳平喘、镇痛抗炎、保肝利胆、调节血糖血脂等作用,可用于治疗妊娠呕吐、高脂血症、糖尿病、肿瘤等多种疾病。运用VOSviewer可视化软件构建知识图谱,并从艾叶的性味功效、组方配伍规律、临床应用和现代药理作用5个方面分析,展示艾叶在药用、食疗、外用、药理作用等方面的古今演变,将艾叶的古代传统功效与现代药理研究结合起来,为艾叶的现代研究和创新转化提供思路。     

新疆一枝蒿中部分微量元素的含量分析

目的:测定新疆一枝蒿中部分微量元素的含量。方法:采用微波消解样品,用原子吸收分光光度法及原子荧光分光光度法测定新疆一枝蒿中的钾、钠、钙、镁、锌、铁、硒、铜、铅、镉、砷、汞等微量元素的含量。结果:新疆一枝蒿中有益人体健康的元素钾、钙、钠、镁、锌、铁等含量都相对较高,而有害元素砷、镉、铅、汞、铜等的含量均低于《中国药典》的规定。结论:新疆一枝蒿中含有丰富的人体必需微量元素。     

Effects of Artemisia monosperma ethanolic leaves extract on implantation,mid-term abortion and parturition of pregnant rats

Aim of the study

The herb, Artemisia monosperma, is a perennial fragrant plant which grows widely and wildly in the Arabian deserts. The leaves of the plant are taken in folk medicine by certain women of Jordan for abortion induction. The aim of this study was to asses the ethanolic leaves extract of the plant on the outcome of rat pregnancy.

Materials and methods

In this study, sub-lethal doses of ethanolic extract of the plant leaves were used to evaluate the effects of the extract on implantation, mid-term abortion and parturition.

Results

The intraperetoneal administration of 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg of the plant ethanolic extract on days 3–5 of gestation exhibited a decrease of viable fetus implantation and an increased in the number of adsorbing sites compared to control. Meanwhile, the administration of 50 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract on days 10–12 of gestation exhibited dramatic mid-term abortion. Furthermore, the administration of 150 mg/kg or 300 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract on days 19–21 of gestation exhibited a delay of onset of delivery and failure of the spontaneous delivery of rat and also resulted in significant increase in serum oxytocin hormone level.

Conclusion

Since, Artemisia monosperma caused a drastic harm of the pregnancy outcomes of rat, as shown in this study, therefore, taking the leaves of the plant by pregnant women is not advisable.     

Effect of plants used in Mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders on charcoal–gum acacia-induced hyperperistalsis in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

A total of 28 plant extracts, belonging to 26 different plant species are commonly used in Traditional Mexican Medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea.

Aim of the study

To evaluate the effect of medicinal plant extracts on induced hyperperistalsis in rats.

Materials and methods

Charcoal meal test was used in this study. Extracts were tested at a dose of 300 mg/kg.

Results

From all the plant extracts tested, only Geranium mexicanum (roots) showed 100% of inhibition. The extracts of Artemisia absinthium, Matricaria recutita, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Lygodium venustum, Chenopodium ambrosoides (green variety), Aloysia triphylla, Artemisia ludoviciana, Chiranthodendron pentadactylon, and Cocos nucifera showed moderate inhibitory activity with values ranging from 30 to 57%. Their activities were greater than that of or equal to loperamide (34% of inhibition at doses of 10 mg/kg) drug used as control. The remaining plants exhibited marginal or null inhibitory effect on hyperpropulsive movement of the small intestine.

Conclusions

The results obtained in this study give some scientific support to the popular use of 23 of the plants tested for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea in Mexican traditional medicine. However, roots of Geranium mexicanum should be used in herbal medicine with care to avoid toxicity.     

变应性鼻炎儿童蒿花粉变应原组分诊断

目的 本文旨在对季节性变应性鼻炎（AR）患儿进行变应原组分筛查,了解AR患儿代表性蒿属植物花粉变应原致敏组分。方法 采集黄花蒿和大籽蒿花粉,提取花粉蛋白,以临床确诊为AR且艾蒿特异性免疫球蛋白E （sIgE）检测为阳性患儿血清为一抗,通过蛋白质免疫印迹法筛查花粉中变应原组分。结果 蛋白质免疫印迹显示2种蒿属植物花粉蛋白提取物中主要有3条带能与血清IgE特异性结合,相对分子量（Mr）分别为12、25和70 kDa。黄花蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原为AR儿童最常见的变应原分子,阳性检出率为85.19%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原分别为37.04%和14.81%。大籽蒿花粉中70 kDa变应原阳性检出率低于黄花蒿（P<0.05）,为51.85%,25 kDa和12 kDa变应原阳性检出率与黄花蒿相似（P>0.05）。另外,同一个体血清对2种蒿属植物同源变应原阳性反应存在差异,不同患儿对1种或多种变应原分子敏感。结论 AR患儿黄花蒿花粉致敏率更高,推荐增加黄花蒿花粉组分蛋白进行诊断和免疫治疗,尤其是70 kDa变应原分子。