RP-HPLC法同时测定艾叶及其炮制品中棕矢车菊素和异泽兰黄素的含量

目的：建立同时测定艾叶及其炮制品（醋艾叶、艾叶炭、醋艾炭）中棕矢车菊素和异泽兰黄素含量的方法,为控制艾叶及其炮制品质量提供新的评价指标。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18（250mm×4．6mm,5gm）,流动相为乙腈-0．2％磷酸溶液（37：63,V/V）,流速为1．0ml／min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为330nm。结果：棕矢车菊素和异泽兰黄素的质量浓度分别在0．0140．20、0．01～0．16mg／ml范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系（r分别为0．9995、0．9999）;精密度、稳定性、重复性试验的RSD〈3％;平均加样回收率分别为99．72％、101．19％,RSD分别为1．48％、0．90％（n均为6）。两种成分在艾叶、醋艾叶中含量较高,在艾叶炭和醋艾炭中含量极低或未检测到。结论：该方法简便、易行,测定结果准确、重复性好,可用于评价和控制艾叶和醋艾叶饮片的质量。     

Artemisia campestris leaf extract alleviates early diabetic nephropathy in rats by inhibiting protein oxidation and nitric oxide end products

Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes leads to free radicals overproduction, which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. The present study investigated the effects of Artemisia campestris (Ac), a plant of the Asteraceae family, on renal impairment and oxidative stress in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (120 mg kg(-1)) in rats. Ac (200 mg kg(-1)) was administered to diabetic rats for 3 weeks. Diabetic renal injury was associated with hyperglycemia, increased serum creatinine, urea and uric acid levels. This nephropathophysiology was associated with a surproduction of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels and a decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels. In addition, hyperglycemia increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), in the kidney of diabetic rats. Treatment with Ac effectively ameliorated diabetic renal dysfunction by reducing oxidative and nitrosative stress. Histological studies also supported the experimental findings. The results suggested that Ac might act as a beneficial agent against renal dysfunctions developed in alloxan-induced diabetes.     

金丝桃素、叶下珠、茵陈体外抗巨细胞病毒效应的比较

目的:探讨金丝桃素单体、苦味叶下珠水溶液浸出物、茵陈水溶性提取物体外抗人巨细胞病毒(HCMV AD169)的作用.方法:采用细胞病变(CPE)抑制法观察金丝桃素单体、苦味叶下珠水溶液浸出物、茵陈水溶性提取物对HCMV AD169毒株的抑制作用,使用MTT比色法检测细胞的损伤程度,并利用吸光度(A)值评价这三种中药抗HC...     

In-Vitro Assessment of the Acaricidal Properties of Artemisia annua and Zataria multiflora Essential Oils to Control Cattle Ticks

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the ‘acaricidal effect’ of Zataria multiflora and Artemisia annua essential oils on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus.

Methods

This study was carried out in 2009 in the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahrekord University, west central Iran. Six dilutions (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 µL/cm³) of both essential oils were used against engorged female R. (Boophilus) annulatus ticks using an in vitro immersion method. The mortality rates for each treatment were recorded 6, 15 and 24 hours post inoculation (hpi). Mortality rate was analyzed using Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, and comparison of means was carried out using General Linear Models Procedure.

Results

The mortality rate caused by different dilutions of Z. multiflora essential oil ranged from 26.6% (using 10 µL/cm³) to 100% (using 40 µL/cm³) and for A. annua essential oil it was 33.2 to 100% (using 20 and 80 µL/cm³, respectively) by the end of the experiment (36 hpi). No mortality was recorded for the non-treated control group or for dilutions less than 5 and 10 µL/cm³ using Zataria and Artemisia essential oils, respectively. For Z. multiflora mortality peaked at 15 hpi for all concentrations other than 20 µL/cm³ and took 24 h to achieve its maximum effect while for A. annua the two highest concentrations needed 24 hpi to reach their full effect. In addition, essential oils applied at more than 20 and 60 µL/cm³ caused 100% egg-laying failure in engorged female ticks by Zataria and Artemisia, respectively while no failure was observed for the non-treated control group. The mortality rate in both botanical acaricides was dose-dependent.

Conclusion

Both these medicinal plants have high potential acaricidal effects on the engorged stage of R. (Boophilus) annulatus in vitro.     

黄花蒿Dof基因家族鉴定及在GA-UV处理下对青蒿素生物合成的影响＊

目的 Dof（DNA binding with one finger）家族是高等植物中特有的一类转录因子家族，参与植物中光、激素、非生物胁迫等多种胁迫响应调控。本研究基于全基因组数据对黄花蒿Dof（AaDof）转录因子家族进行鉴定及表达模式分析，探究Dof家族基因在青蒿素合成调控中的作用。方法 经PFAM数据库鉴定获得AaDof序列，通过生物信息学软件分析其理化性质、亚细胞定位、基因结构、蛋白保守结构以及启动子序列结合元件等，并基于赤霉素（Gibberellic acid， GA）、紫外线B（UV-B）及二者协同胁迫下黄花蒿转录组数据对其表达模式进行分析。结果 本研究从全基因组水平共鉴定出51个AaDof基因，均含有保守的C₂-C₂单锌指结构，依据系统发育分析分为8个亚族，同一亚族内基因结构与蛋白保守结构域相对保守。亚细胞定位预测显示12个AaDof蛋白定位在细胞外，其余均定位在细胞核。启动子元件分析发现AaDof家族基因启动子区富含光、激素等多种响应元件。对AaDof在GA、UV-B和GA+UV-B处理下的表达模式分析发现，AaDof基因对GA胁迫处理响应较弱，仅有少量基因敏感，其表达主要受到UV-B胁迫影响。C1及C2.1亚族大部分基因在UV-B胁迫下上调表达，而A亚族大部分基因在UV-B胁迫下下调表达。qRT-PCR验证表明AaDof1、AaDof17和AaDof44在GA和UV-B处理下表达量显著上调，推测其可能通过参与GA和UV-B调控网络，正向调控青蒿素生物合成。结论 本研究系统鉴定了黄花蒿AaDof家族基因并筛选了3个可能正向调控青蒿素生物合成的候选AaDof基因，为黄花蒿Dof家族基因功能研究及其在青蒿素生物合成中的调控机制解析奠定基础。     

环境条件对蕲艾叶品质影响的研究＊

目的 研究环境条件对蕲艾叶有效物质含量以及出绒率的影响。方法 采用国家行业标准分别测定土壤水分、pH值及有机质的含量；采用紫外-可见分光光度法测定蕲艾叶总黄酮含量；参照中国药典（2015年版）方法测定蕲艾叶挥发油和鞣质含量；采用HPLC法比较样品70%甲醇提取液的峰谱特征；采用自拟的经过方法学验证的方法检测蕲艾叶出绒率。结果 蕲艾叶品质与土壤水分、pH、日照长短及施化肥与否有关。施用化肥（含N、P、K）后所产蕲艾叶的挥发油平均含量比未施化肥的高17.6%，而总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低28.5%、30.5%，且施用化肥者5种有机酸的总含量显著降低；日照时数较短的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比日照时数长的高12.6%，但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低23.5%、19.1%，5种有机酸的含量也显著降低，且出绒率整体较低；土壤水分较少的蕲艾叶的挥发油的平均含量比土壤水分充足的高5.5%，但总黄酮和鞣质的平均含量分别降低21.4%、34.6%，5种有机酸的含量也显著降低。蕲艾叶总黄酮和鞣质的含量在土壤酸性范围内随pH的升高而升高。结论 蕲艾的栽培应选择日照充分、土壤偏酸性且水分较充足的环境，避免施用化学肥料。     

艾叶提取物对大鼠口腔溃疡的治疗作用

目的：体外研究艾叶提取物抑菌能力,初步探索艾叶提取物对大鼠口腔溃疡模型的治疗效果及其机制。 方法：用浸出法提取艾叶挥发油及水提液混合物;体外研究艾叶提取物对口腔常见菌群的抑菌能力;以NaOH灼烧大 鼠唇内侧造口腔溃疡模型,观察2.0,1.0,0.5 g/mL生药浓度的艾叶提取物对大鼠口腔溃疡模型愈合时间、溃疡修复 程度的影响;运用ELASA法检测各组血清肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量,免疫组织化学法检测溃 疡局部病变组织增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)的表达情况。结果：艾叶提取物对金黄色葡萄 球菌和链球菌生长具有显著的抑制作用;使用NaOH晶体成功构建大鼠口腔溃疡模型,2.0和1.0g/mL艾叶提取物均可 有效缩短口腔溃疡愈合时间(P<0.01),显著降低血清TNF-α表达(P<0.01)及提高溃疡局部PCNA表达水平(P<0.01),有 效减轻局部炎症反应并促进组织修复。结论：艾叶提取物能通过抑制细菌生长,降低血清TNF-α含量及提高溃疡局部 PCNA表达来促进大鼠口腔溃疡的愈合。     

Effect of Artemisia annua Extract on Treating Active Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective

To investigate the effect and safety of the complementary use of the extract of Artemisia annua L. (EAA) on treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed. All the 159 participates with active RA were randomly assigned to the control group (80 cases) and EAA group (79 cases) using concealed random allocation method. In the control group, patients were medicated with leflflunomide and methotrexate for 48 weeks; and patients in the EAA group were administrated with leflflunomide, methotrexate plus EAA (30 g/d). At the time points of 0, 12, 24 and 48 weeks, the clinical outcome measures, including objective pain score, tenderness score, number of painful joints, number of swollen joints, health assessment questionnaire (HAQ) score for quality of life, levels of serum rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies (CCP-Ab), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), visual analogue score for pain (VAS), and the overall effificacy were detected and recorded.

Results

The objective pain score, number of painful joints and ESR at 12 weeks, tenderness score and HAQ at 24 weeks, and the tenderness score, number of painfull joints, number of swollen joints, HAQ, CRP, RF and CCP-Ab at 48 weeks were signifificantly improved in the EAA group compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). At 24 and 48 weeks, the overall effificacy of the EAA group was signifificantly higher than the control group (P<0.01). There were signifificantly higher withdrawal rate of corticosteroids within 12 weeks post-treatment and lower incidence rate of adverse effects in the EAA group compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05).

Conclusion

EAA plus methotrexate and leflflunomide were more effective and safer than the routine use of methotrexate and leflflunomide in the treatment of active RA.

     

艾灸源流说

从自然认知视角,提出原始艾灸一说。原始艾灸基于古人对自然、艾草、生命、疾病之文化特性的独特认知,为巫、医、道所共有,是早期自然哲学思想指导下神秘现象与神奇力量完美结合的实证;伴随劳动实践的用火行为则助推了原始艾灸的推广普及;其后,原始艾灸与传统医学在人体生理、病理、药理等方面交互融合,并在技术操作上借鉴针砭之术相融互通而为用,从而蜕变为疗疾之术即后世的中医艾灸。原始艾灸的出现早于医疗用灸,用火早于用药。研究艾灸的发展与创新首当认知和理解其所蕴藏的深刻内涵,在思维格局、技术手段、方法工具等多方面吸收传统文化和现代科技精华,兼收并蓄,为我所用。     

A new sesquiterpene from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Artemisia vulgaris</Emphasis>

The dichloromethane extract of the air-dried leaves of Artemisia vulgaris afforded a new sesquiterpene 1, caryophyllene oxide, phytyl fatty acid esters, squalene, stigmasterol and sitosterol. The structure of 1 was elucidated by extensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.