基于网络药理学探讨青蒿治疗人急性髓系白血病作用机制

目的探究青蒿治疗人急性髓系白血病(acute myeloid leukemia,AML)的作用机制。方法根据口服生物利用度(OB)和类药性(DL)从中药系统药理学技术平台(TCMSP)中筛选出青蒿的活性成分、作用靶点,在GeneCards数据库中寻找急性髓系白血病相关靶点,将青蒿作用靶点与AML相关靶点取交集,筛选出青蒿治疗AML的活性成分及作用靶点。借助Cytoscape 3.7.2软件,构建青蒿活性成分-作用靶点网络,选出关键化合物。通过String平台构建靶蛋白相互作用网络(PPI),选出关键靶点。通过DAVID在线分析平台,对靶点基因进行GO富集分析和KEGG代谢通路分析。结果从青蒿中筛选获得22个有效活性成分,104个作用靶点,与AML有关的作用靶点94个,关键靶点14个,通路涉及免疫调节、细胞凋亡、氧化应激等,这些作用通路可能是青蒿防治AML的活性途径。结论初步研究了青蒿治疗AML的作用机制,青蒿具有多成分、多靶点的特点,可以通过多个靶点、多条通路来发挥治疗AML的作用。     

生物技术在中药青蒿中的应用研究

青蒿素是从中药青蒿中提取的治疗疟疾的最有效药物,但在青蒿中青蒿素的含量很低.作者从以下3个方面概述了生物技术在青蒿中的应用研究:一是通过DNA的分子标记辅助育种.应用于青蒿种质资源的遗传多样性研究,为高青蒿素含量优良品种的快速选育提供分子生物学基础;二是通过基因工程技术提高青蒿素的含量;在青蒿中过表达青蒿素生物合成的关键酶基因;抑制与青蒿素生物合成竞争相同底物的酶基因的表达,直接或间接的提高青蒿素的含量;三是通过合成生物学技术在宿主内生产青蒿素的前体或青蒿素.     

人RANTES基因在转基因青蒿植株中表达的测定

目的 为了增强青蒿的特异药理活性，探讨人β-趋化因子RANTES基因在青蒿细胞中表达的可能性。方法 将克隆的RANTES基因经Ti质粒衍生的双元表达载体pRPKII导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404菌株，通过叶盘共培养法已获得一批表现卡那霉素抗性的转基因青蒿植株。结果 PCR和Southern印迹杂交分析表明，RANTES基因已导入并整合到青蒿基因组中；RT-PCR、Northern印迹、Western印迹杂交结果证实，RANTES基因已在转基因青蒿植株中成功表达。结论 首次报道了RANTES基因在转基因青蒿植株中的表达，为基因工程改造青蒿打下了良好的基础。     

Antiinflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Artemisia barrelieri in rats

Three eudesmanolides, barrelierin (1), artemalin (2) and barrelin (3), isolated from aerial parts of Artemisia barrelieri, and desoxyvulgarin (4) obtained from barrelin by reduction with zinc and acetic acid, reduced carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. The results show that the α-methylene γ-lactone group is not essential for the antiinflammatory effect, but variations in the molecular structure of these sesquiterpene lactones may enhance or diminish the antiinflammatory effect.     

Studies on protective effect of DA-9601,Artemisia asiatica extract, on acetaminophen- and CCI4-induced liver damage in rats

The hepatoprotective effect of DA-9601, a quality-controlled extract ofArtemisia asiatica, on liver damage induced by acetaminophen (APAP) and carbon tetrachloride (CCI₄) was investigated by means of serum-biochemical, hepatic-biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Doses of DA-9601 (10, 30, or 100mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to each rat on three consecutive days i.e. 48 h, 24 h and 2 h before a single administration of APAP (640 mg/kg, i.p.) or CCl₄ (2 ml/kg, p.o.). Four h and 24 h after hepatotoxin treatment, the animals were sacrificed for evaluation of liver damage. Pretreatment of DA-9601 reduced the elevation of serum ALT, AST, LDH and histopathological changes such as centrilobular necrosis, vacuolar degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration dose-dependently. DA-9601 also prevented APAP- and CCl₄-induced hepatic glutathione (GSH) depletion and CCl₄-induced increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), a parameter of lipid peroxidation, in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that pretreatment with DA-9601 may reduce chemically induced liver injury by complex mechanisms which involve prevention of lipid peroxidation and preservation of hepatic GSH.     

The chemistry and pharmacology of alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds from Artemisia species: A review

Several reviews have been published on Artemisia's derived natural products, but it is the first attempt to review the chemistry and pharmacology of more than 80 alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds obtained from various Artemisia species (covering the literature up to June 2018). The pharmacological potential and unique skeleton types of certain Artemisia's alkaloids provoke the importance of analyzing Artemisia species for bioactive alkaloids and allied nitrogen compounds. Among the various types of bioactive Artemisia's alkaloids, the main classes were the derivatives of rupestine (pyridine–sesquiterpene), lycoctonine (diterpene), pyrrolizidine, purines, polyamine, peptides, indole, piperidine, pyrrolidine, alkamides, and flavoalkaloids. The rupestine derivatives are Artemisia's characteristic alkaloids, whereas the rest are common alkaloids found in the family Asteraceae and chemotaxonomically links the genus Artemisia with the tribes Anthemideae. The most important biological activities of Artemisia's alkaloids are including hepatoprotective, local anesthetic, β‐galactosidase, and antiparasitic activities; treatment of angina pectoris, opening blocked arteries, as a sleep‐inducing agents and inhibition of HIV viral protease, CYP450, melanin biosynthesis, human carbonic anhydrase, [3H]‐AEA metabolism, kinases, and DNA polymerase β¹. Some of the important nitrogen metabolites of Artemisia include pellitorine, zeatin, tryptophan, rupestine, and aconitine analogs, which need to be optimized and commercialized further.     

Adjuvant-active aqueous extracts from Artemisia rupestris L. improve immune responses through TLR4 signaling pathway

Activating innate immunity by an adjuvant is required in vaccine development. The study aims to investigate adjuvant effects of aqueous extracts of Artemisia rupestris L. (AEAR) in vivo and in vitro. ICR mice were subcutaneously administered with antigen and AEAR at various doses to evaluate their immune responses of antibodies, dendritic cells (DCs), regulatory T cells (Treg), splenic lymphocyte, and cytokine. The evaluation results showed that AEAR could largely increase titers of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG₁, and IgG_2a) and T cell proliferation. AEAR also increased expression of IFN-γ in CD8⁺T cells as well as IL-4 and INF-γ expression in CD4⁺T cells. Expression levels of MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 on DCs were significantly elevated, whereas the Treg frequency was significantly decreased. AEAR (200 μg) showed remarkable adjuvant activity. Furthermore, AEAR enhanced MHC-II, CD40, CD80, and CD86 expression as well as the yields of TNF-α and IL-12 on DCs through toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) in vitro. Those results indicated that AEAR could serve as an efficacious immune stimulator for vaccines because it significantly enhanced specific immune responses by promoting DCs maturation and reduced Treg through TLR4 signaling pathway.     

艾叶浴足剂治疗小儿脾虚泻60例

目的:观察艾叶浴足剂治疗小儿脾虚泻的疗效。方法:120例均为中医科就诊患者,随机分成两组,各60例。治疗组在口服白术散、健脾散的基础上,每日1剂温泡双足,同时按摩涌泉、三阴交、足三里等穴。时间为20min,6天为1个疗程。对照组单纯口服白术散、健脾散。结果:治疗组总有效率95%;对照组总有效率为65%(P﹤0.05)。应用艾叶浴足剂的治疗组明显优于对照组。结论:艾叶浴足剂治疗小儿脾虚泻疗效好。     

Effects and mechanisms of Artemisia argyi essential oil on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Artemisia argyi essential oil (AO) on pulmonary hypertension (PH)inducedbymonocrotaline(MCT)andtoexploretheunderlying mechanism.A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley ratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups as follows:controlgroup, modelgroup,bosentan(0.1g/kg)groupandAO(0.1g/kg)group.After30dofexperiment, hemodynamicparameters,lungandrightventricle hypertrophy indexweredetermined. HEand Immunohistochemistrystainingoflungs were performedto detectthe injuriesandprotein expressions. Theresultsshowedthatlevels of mPAP,mRVP,maxRVP,wW,LI,RV and RVHI as well asthe expressionsofNF-κBp65andα-SMA were increased,smallpulmonaryarterythickened, the cavity of the arteriole narrowed, and there was marked infiltration of inflammatory cells in lungs of rats receiving MCT compared with the normal group. After the administration of AO, the levels of mPAP and mRVP were significantly decreased,and the wW, LI, LV+S and pulmonary arterial remodeling were markedly improved. The expression levels of NF-κB p65 and α-SMAwerereduced by AOcomparedwiththe modelgroup.Ourresultssuggestedthat AOreduced the progressionof PH induced byMCTthroughinhibiting the expressions of NF-κB p65 and α-SMA.