13例新生儿红斑狼疮的临床特征、皮损后遗表现

【摘要】 目的 探讨新生儿红斑狼疮（NLE）的皮损后遗表现，分析可能的相关因素。方法 回顾2016—2020年首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院皮肤科收集并长期随访的13例NLE，分析患儿及母亲临床特征、患儿皮损后遗表现。结果 13例皮损发病时间为出生后0 ~ 120 d，平均15 d，随访时间15 ~ 43个月，皮损形态主要为环状红斑、斑丘疹、鳞屑，皮损消退时间2 ~ 18个月（平均7.4个月）。6例皮损消退后出现色素异常表现，3例同时出现色素减退和色素沉着，2例仅有色素减退，1例仅有色素沉着，1例色素减退患儿在随访18个月后色素减退复色，未见毛细血管扩张以及萎缩或瘢痕。8例患儿母亲孕前无异常，4例患儿母亲抗ANA、抗SSA/Ro、抗SSB/La抗体均阳性。结论 NLE的皮肤受累可出现后遗皮肤表现，常见为色素异常，多数长期未消退，应注意患儿母亲可能存在的潜在性免疫系统异常。     

实施职业卫生分类分级监管的实践体会

流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）是由乙脑病毒感染所致的中枢神经系统急性传染病，患者有高热、呼吸衰竭、意识障碍、抽搐等神经系统明显受损的表现。目前，该病缺乏特效治疗药物，临床主要依靠积极对症治疗和支持治疗。近年来，依靠先进的器官支持技术和优质的护理措施最大限度提高了流行性乙脑整体救治成功率，但极重型流行性乙脑患者会导致严重神经系统后遗症，其致残率仍然居高不下。本文就流行性乙脑后遗症处理中面临的诸多非医学问题，从生理、心理、社会、伦理等多方面进行探讨，分析其原因和对策，为提高患者生存质量提供参考。     

Treatment strategies for central nervous system infections: an update

Introduction: Central nervous system infection continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Our incomplete knowledge on the pathogenesis of how meningitis-causing pathogens cause CNS infection and emergence of antimicrobial resistance has contributed to the mortality and morbidity. An early empiric antibiotic treatment is critical for the management of patients with bacterial meningitis, but early recognition of bacterial meningitis continues to be a challenge.

Areas covered: This review gives an overview on current therapeutic strategies for CNS infection with a focus on recent literature since 2010 on bacterial meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency, requiring early recognition and treatment. The selection of appropriate empiric antimicrobial regimen, after incorporating the epidemiology of bacterial meningitis, impact of vaccination, emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, role of adjunctive therapy and the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of meningitis and associated neuronal injury are covered.

Expert opinion: Prompt treatment of bacterial meningitis with an appropriate antibiotic is essential. Optimal antimicrobial treatment of bacterial meningitis requires bactericidal agents able to penetrate the blood–brain barrier, with efficacy in cerebrospinal fluid. Emergence of CNS-infecting pathogens with resistance to conventional antibiotics has been increasingly recognized, but development of new antibiotics has been limited. More complete understanding of the microbial and host factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis and associated neurologic sequelae is likely to help in developing new strategies for the prevention and therapy of bacterial meningitis.     

Acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the common sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease, the pathological factors are adhesions, scarring and pelvic congestion which caused by inflammation, often cause abdominal pain and lumbosacral soreness, and aggravated after fatigue, sexual intercourse and during menstruation. It is difficult to treat because special pathological changes. Although acupuncture has gained increased popularity for the management of CPP, evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID is required to provide available evidence for further study.Methods and analysis:We will conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effect and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain patients with SPID. We will electronically search the literature in the databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-fang Digital Periodicals, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and select eligible articles. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 researchers independently, and risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The primary outcomes will be total effective rate and VAS pain score, and the secondary outcomes include the recurrence rate and adverse reaction. All data analysis will be conducted by software Review Manager V.5.3.Results:This study will provide the latest analysis of the currently available evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID.PROSPERO registration number:CRD42020193826.     

大剂量丙种球蛋白联合纳洛酮治疗乙型脑炎疗效分析

目的：观察大剂量丙种球蛋白联合纳洛酮治疗乙型脑炎的疗效。方法安康市中心医院2012年6月至2014年9月收治的95例乙型脑炎患儿随机分成两组。对照组47例,给予常规综合治疗(抗病毒治疗+营养支持+对症治疗);研究组48例,在常规综合治疗的基础上,给予丙种球蛋白静脉输注1g·kg-1·d-1联合纳洛酮(0.01~0.02)mg/kg治疗。结果研究组患儿平均退热时间、抽搐时间及意识障碍持续时间较对照组明显缩短(t值分别为4.526、3.371、4.487,均P<0.01);研究组较对照组呼吸衰竭发生率明显降低(χ2=14.341,P<0.05);研究组治愈率显著高于对照组(χ2=19.234,P<0.01)。结论丙种球蛋白联合纳洛酮治疗乙型脑炎较单纯综合治疗更为有效,能够显著降低死亡率,提高治愈率,减少后遗症的发生,应在临床治疗中普遍推广及应用。     

Foxp3表达与老年颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的　探讨老年颈动脉粥样硬化与外周血叉头翼状螺旋转录因子p3（Foxp3）表达以及高敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）之间的关系。方法　对66例老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者和51例健康对照者分别利用流式细胞仪检测外周血Foxp3,速率散射比浊法检测hs-CRP。结果　老年颈动脉粥样硬化患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋调节性T淋巴细胞显著减少,经瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗后较治疗前明显增加;颈动脉粥样硬化患者血清hs-CRP明显高于对照组,有颈动脉斑块的患者血清hs-CRP显著高于颈动脉内中膜增厚患者;将CD4^＋CD25^＋Foxp3^＋与hs-CRP进行相关性分析,两者之间呈负相关。结论　老年颈动脉粥样硬化与外周血Foxp3表达、hs-CRP密切相关。外周血Foxp3表达、hs-CRP在老年人颈动脉粥样硬化、斑块形成的发生发展中起着重要的作用,控制这些危险因素有益于控制和减少脑卒中的发生。     

浅析脐针右降四针

[目的]通过临床四则有效案例,探讨与总结右降四针的作用以及在临床上的作用与适应症。[方法]通过研读《脐针疗法》《易医解密》等书籍,指导右降四针在临床上的应用。通过治疗妇女围绝经期综合征、咽喉肿痛、中风后遗症、失眠等疾病的4个案例,总结右降四针在临床上的应用。[结果]齐永教授认为右降四针通过其进针方位的不同,能达到滋阴作用,在调理阴虚症状及治疗发热中能起到很好的作用。所举的以右降四针治疗妇女围绝经期潮热汗出、咽喉肿痛、中风所致的下肢运动不利及失眠的案例也取得显著疗效。[结论]右降四针具有滋阴、补肾、取降的作用,并且取穴、施术方便,给临床治疗提供了新的思路和方法,值得学习和推广应用。