Rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome: a review of treatment options

People with vision loss sometimes experience visual hallucinations associated with Charles Bonnet syndrome. The appearance of these hallucinations often causes anxiety for the sufferer and can be difficult for the attending eye care professional to manage. A review of the literature highlighted a range of visual, pharmacological and social management regimes that may alleviate these hallucinations, albeit using small samples in uncontrolled trials. Eye care practitioners should be aware of methods of rehabilitation in Charles Bonnet syndrome that may lead to resolution of the visual hallucinations.     

不同镇痛方式对高龄肺癌手术后恢复的综合分析

【目的】观察3种不同的镇痛方式对高龄肺癌患者行肺叶切除术后康复的影响、镇痛效果及患者对术后镇痛方式的满意程度，以探讨最佳的镇痛方式。【方法】选择60例老年肺癌患者行肺叶切除术（年龄〉60岁），随机分成3组：肌肉注射吗啡镇痛组，静脉自控镇痛组，硬膜外自控镇痛组。连续3d观察患者的镇痛效果、满意程度、术后康复及术后并发症发生率的影响；检测术后3d患者的肺活量动脉血气，连续监测患者的脉搏氧饱和度。【结果】硬膜外自控镇痛组镇痛效果、满意程度明显优于另外两组，低氧血症的发生率及程度明显低于另外两组。硬膜外自控镇痛组的患者术后床上活动的时间明显早于另外两组。并能主动配合医护人员进行肺功能的康复治疗。【结论】老年肺癌患者行肺叶切除术采用硬膜外自控镇痛具有镇痛效果良好，能主动配合医护工作者进行早期肺功能的康复治疗的优越性。     

20世纪中医中风病临床研究概要

20世纪中医中风病临床研究取得了较大进展,病名得以公认,病因病机认识趋于统一,辨证论治趋于规范、完善、成熟,化痰通腑法、活血化瘀法、针灸疗法等得以应用。并研制出了许多新的中药制剂,提高了临床疗效。     

针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效观察

目的观察对比脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效；方法针刺配合康复训练；结果治疗组与对照组相比有非常显著的差异；结论针灸配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后的吞咽障碍有显著疗效。     

对男性海洛因依赖者康复训练效果的随访

目的:探索社区康复训练与劳动教养相结合的康复模式对男性海洛因依赖者的治疗效果。方法:以湖南省新开铺劳教大队的50名劳教吸毒人员为对照,对戒毒中心的50名劳教吸毒人员进行为期至少4个月的康复训练。康复训练以海洛因依赖者的需求、所处的康复阶段及接受能力为中心,包括强化戒毒治疗动机、减少吸毒造成的危害、复吸预防等各种技能训练。用成瘾严重度指数和应付方式问卷评估康复训练的疗效,并随访两组在解教后1 a的康复情况。结果:康复训练后海洛因依赖者幻想、退避、自责等不成熟型应付方式分值下降(P<0.01),求助的分值增加(P<0.01)。解教后1 a康复组与劳动教养组的戒断率差异无显著性,但康复训练组在海洛因滥用严重程度、违法犯罪行为和精神健康方面损害显著低于劳动教养组(P<0.05)。结论:劳动教养和社区康复训练都是对吸毒者有效的康复措施,康复训练的作用更大。     

软坚益气活血方治疗缺血中风40例临床研究

目的:探讨软坚益气活血方治疗缺血中风的临床疗效与机制.方法:80例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,对治疗前后神经功能缺损程度评分、临床疗效、生活质量、外周血组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)及组织型纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的含量变化、血脂异常改善程度、血压的变化进行比较.结果:治疗组临床总有效率85%,对照组65%;治疗组神经功能缺损程度评分、生活质量治疗后均有明显改善(P＜0.01);治疗后t-PA含量升高,PAI-1含量下降(P＜0.01);调血脂、降血压的效果优于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:软坚益气活血方具有调血脂、降血压、抗动脉硬化作用,通过调节t-PA、PAI-1的含量与活性从而溶解血栓及预防新的血栓形成.     

中西医结合治疗脑梗塞的临床观察

目的:观察地黄饮子联合低分子肝素治疗脑梗塞的疗效.方法:将68例脑梗塞病人随机分为治疗组和对照组各34例,对照组在常规治疗基础上加低分子肝素,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加低分子肝素联合中药地黄饮子.结果:治疗组基本治愈率为70.59%,总有效率为88.24%,对照组基本治愈率为52.94%,总有效率为64.71%,两组总有效率的比较具有显著差异.结论:地黄饮子加低分子肝素治疗脑梗塞具有很好的疗效,优于单独应用低分子肝素组.     

视神经损伤后视觉功能重塑的研究进展

青光眼或其他原因导致的视神经损伤,以及颅脑损伤导致的视觉损伤通常被认为是不可逆的。然而,近年来的研究发现,神经系统具有明显的神经可塑性(neuroplasticity)。人们尝试对神经的可塑性作用机制进行阐明,并通过视觉经验、电流刺激、代偿性眼球运动训练及压力疏导等方法来激活或活化“休眠”细胞及视觉传递,并构建自组织映射模型对视觉重塑效果进行预估。     

Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is extremely common in older adults and the potential benefits of secondary prevention are perhaps greater in this population than in younger patients. While there is good evidence that secondary prevention efforts are justified in patients up to 80 years of age, limited data are available on secondary prevention in octogenarians and there is no evidence to guide treatment in patients ≥ 90 years of age. Further, the value of secondary prevention may be confounded by prevalent comorbidities, polypharmacy, and limited life expectancy. It is therefore essential that all management decisions be made in relation to individual preferences and goals of care, with understanding by patients that benefits as well as risks may increase with age. Furthermore, research is needed to refine markers to better delineate which older adults are most likely to benefit from preventive therapies.