Interfacing a haptic robotic system with complex virtual environments to treat impaired upper extremity motor function in children with cerebral palsy

Objective: To investigate the ability of the New Jersey Institute of Technology Robot Assisted Virtual Rehabilitation (NJIT-RAVR) system training to elicit changes in upper extremity (UE) function in children with hemiplegia secondary to cerebral palsy.

Methods: Nine children (mean age 9 years, three males) participated in three pilots. Subjects trained 1 hour, 3 days a week for 3 weeks. Two groups performed this protocol as their only intervention. The third group also performed 5–6 hours of constraint-induced movement therapy.

Results: All subjects participated in a short programme of nine, 60-minute training sessions without adverse effects. As a group, subjects demonstrated statistically significant improvements in Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function Test, a composite of three timed UE tasks and several measurements of reaching kinematics. Several subjects demonstrated clinically significant improvements in active shoulder abduction and flexion as well as forearm supination.

Conclusion: Three small pilots of NJIT-RAVR training demonstrated measurable benefit with no complications, warranting further examination.     

Remind to move – A novel treatment on hemiplegic arm functions in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: A randomized cross-over study

Objective: To investigate the effects of ‘remind to move’ treatment on hemiplegic arm function in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Methodology: Twelve students with unilateral CP aged 6–18 were recruited from a special school and randomly assigned into two groups. Participants in the experimental group underwent a 3-week sensory cueing treatment followed by a 3-week sham treatment. Participants in the waitlist group completed the sham treatment first followed by the sensory-cueing treatment. There was a 4-week washout period between treatments. Results: Both functional hand use and arm impairment level significantxly improved after the 3-week sensory cueing treatment for the combined sample between groups. However, no significant carryover effects were found for either treatment. Conclusion: Three weeks of ‘remind to move’ treatment is useful in improving hemiplegic arm function and quantity of hand use in children with unilateral CP but the long-term carryover effect requires further investigation.     

Outcomes of a Clinic-Based Pediatric Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Program

ABSTRACT

A single-group pre- and post-test design was used to evaluate functional outcomes of a constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) protocol implemented in an outpatient therapy center. The participants were 29 children with hemiplegia, ages 1.6–19.1 years old. The less-involved upper limb was placed in a cast that was worn 24 hr a day, 7 days a week. Individual therapy sessions took place 5 days/week. Children received 3 or 6 hr therapy sessions for 16–19 days followed by 2–5 days in which bimanual tasks were performed. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and following CIMT. Statistically significant gains were made on the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function, Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (except the Protective Extension subtest), Assisting Hand Assessment, and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The effect sizes varied from 0.46 to 0.70 indicating a moderate effect size. The results support the effectiveness of CIMT provided through a center-based program.     

益气温阳—养阴解痉中药治疗中风偏瘫肢体痉挛随机平行对照研究

[目的]观察益气温阳,养阴解痉中药治疗中风偏瘫肢体痉挛疗效。[方法]使用随机平行对照方法,将30例住院及门诊患者按诊顺序号方法分为两组。对照组15例巴氯芬,5mg/次,1次/d,口服。治疗组15例益气温阳,养阴解痉(黄芪、党参、白芍、石斛、桂枝、桑枝、地龙、甘草等),1剂/d,水煎400m L,早晚温服。两组均连续治疗28d为1疗程。观测临床症状、血液生化指标、《Barthel氏ADL指数法》评分、不良反应。治疗1疗程,判定疗效。[结果]治疗组痉挛疗效显效4例,有效9例,无效2例,总有效率86.70%。对照组显效3例,有效8例,无效4例,总有效率73.33%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。Bathel指数变化治疗组优于对照组(P0.01)[结论]益气温阳,养阴解痉中药治疗中风偏瘫肢体痉挛效果显著,值得推广。     

手摇车同步功能性电刺激对脑卒中患者上肢功能的影响

目的:探讨手摇车训练同步结合功能性电刺激治疗对脑卒中后偏瘫患者上肢功能恢复的影响。方法:将40例脑卒中偏瘫患者,随机分为试验组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。两组患者均给予常规康复治疗,对照组患者同时接受仅有主被动运动功能手摇车训练,试验组患者在进行手摇车训练的同时辅以具有同步性功能性电刺激治疗。两组均接受4周的治疗。在治疗前、治疗4周后采用上肢Fugl-Meyer运动功能评测上肢部分(FMA-UE)、简易上肢功能评价(STEF)、改良Barthel指数(MBI)及改良Ashworth量表(MAS)对两组患者上肢功能进行评估比较。结果:治疗4周后,两组患者上肢FMA-UE评分、STEF评分、MBI评分及MAS评分较治疗前均明显改善(均P0.05);除了MAS评分外,试验组患者以上评分均显著优于对照组水平,差异有显著性意义(均P0.05)。结论:手摇车训练同步功能性电刺激能更显著改善脑卒中后患者上肢运动功能,提高患者日常生活自理能力。     

Orem自护理论对脑中风偏瘫患者自护能力和生活质量的影响研究

目的：探讨 Orem 自护理论对脑中风偏瘫患者自护能力和生活质量的影响。方法将该院收治的90例脑中风偏瘫患者随机分为干预组和对照组各45例,对照组采用常规护理方法;干预组按照 Orem 自护理论实施护理干预。比较二组患者护理后日常生活能力、焦虑情绪、社会支持水平和生活质量。结果护理后二组患者 BI 评分显著增加,SAS 评分显著降低（P＜0．05）,其中护理后干预组 BI 、SAS 评分显著优于对照组,二组间相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;护理后干预组各 SSRS 评分指标显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）;护理后二组患者角色功能、社会功能、身体功能、情绪功能以及总生活质量评分均显著高于对照组,组间相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 Orem 自护理论应用于脑中风偏瘫患者能够提高患者的自护能力能和生活质量,值得临床推广。     

Acute childhood hemiplegia

A 10-year-old child presented to the emergency department with a sudden onset of right hemiparesis and dysphasia. A thorough evaluation, including CT scan of the brain and cerebral angiography, resulted in a diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia. The diagnosis of acute childhood hemiplegia depends on characteristic cerebral angiographic findings. The treatment of this particular entity is supportive, often with incomplete recovery.     

体轴回旋结合节律性呼吸训练对脑卒中偏瘫下肢功能的效果

目的 探讨稳定平面下进行体轴回旋结合节律性呼吸训练锻炼核心肌群对脑卒中偏瘫患者下肢运动和平衡功能的影响。方法 2018年6月至2020年6月,福建中医药大学附属康复医院物理治疗部脑卒中偏瘫患者50例,分为对照组(n = 25)和试验组(n = 25),两组均接受常规康复,试验组增加体轴回旋结合节律性呼吸训练,两组训练总时间相同,共6周。治疗前后采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表下肢部分(FMA-LE)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时“起立-行走”测试(TUGT)和10米步行速度(10MWS)进行评定。结果 治疗后,两组FMA-LE和BBS评分、10MWS较治疗前显著提高(|Z| > 4.375, P < 0.001),试验组明显优于对照组(|Z| > 3.415, P < 0.01);两组TUGT时间均较治疗前显著缩短(Z = -4.372, P < 0.001),试验组明显优于对照组(Z = -2.804, P < 0.01)。结论 体轴回旋结合节律性呼吸训练可提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡功能和下肢运动功能。     

改良腕手关节矫形器对脑卒中偏瘫患者腕手关节屈肌痉挛及运动功能的疗效

目的探讨改良腕手关节矫形器对偏瘫患者腕手关节屈肌痉挛及运动功能的疗效。方法脑卒中后偏瘫患者56例分为观察组与对照组各28例。两组均接受常规康复训练,包括运动疗法、作业疗法、痉挛肌电刺激疗法,观察组加用改良腕手关节矫形器,于每天训练结束后累计穿戴4~8 h,每次30~60 min,休息15 min。分别于治疗前、治疗4周、治疗8周及治疗12周对两组患者采用改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、简式Fugl-Meyer评定(FMA)进行评定,采用量角器测量患侧腕关节主动掌屈、背伸、桡偏、尺偏关节活动度(AROM)。结果治疗4周时,两组均未见明显改善,两组间也无显著性差异。治疗8周时,两组MAS和FMA评分较治疗前和治疗4周时改善(P0.05),观察组明显优于对照组(P0.01);观察组腕关节各方向AROM与治疗前比较均有提高(P0.05),其中背伸AROM较对照组明显提高(P0.01)。治疗12周时,观察组MAS和FMA评分较治疗8周时进一步明显改善(P0.01),且明显优于对照组(P0.01);观察组背伸、掌曲、桡偏AROM优于对照组(P0.05)。结论改良腕手关节矫形器可明显缓解脑卒中后偏瘫患者腕手关节屈肌痉挛,促进腕手关节运动功能恢复。     

自制踝足矫形带对痉挛型偏瘫脑性瘫痪足下垂患儿下肢运动功能的疗效

目的观察自制自制踝足矫形带对痉挛型偏瘫脑瘫足下垂患儿下肢运动功能的疗效。方法 24例痉挛型偏瘫脑瘫足下垂患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各12例。两组患儿均行常规康复训练,对照组行步态训练,观察组佩戴自制踝足矫形带行步态训练,共12周。治疗前后分别采用腓肠肌改良Ashworth量表(MAS)、踝关节主动背屈活动度(ROM)和粗大运动功能测量(GMFM-88)D区(站立)、E区(走跑跳)进行评定。结果治疗后,两组MAS评分明显降低(P0.01),观察组低于对照组(P0.05);两组ROM、GMFM-88的D区和E区评分均明显高于治疗前(P0.01),观察组高于对照组(P0.05)。结论佩戴自制踝足矫形带行步态训练能进一步降低痉挛型偏瘫脑瘫患儿患侧的腓肠肌张力,增加踝关节活动度,提高下肢运动功能。