肾病综合征患者焦虑因素分析

目的探讨肾病综合征患者焦虑的影响因素及对策.方法应用状态-特质焦虑问卷(STAI)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、生活事件量表(LES)等对80例肾病综合征患者进行测查.结果肾病综合征患者状态焦虑问卷(SAI)分值明显高于正常人群(49.55±8.18Vs39.31±8.66)(P＜0.01).逐步回归分析发现,患者焦虑的主要因素为性格内向、社会支持状况差、负性生活事件多、担心治疗效果不好、担心医生治疗水平不高等.结论肾病综合征患者有明显的焦虑情绪,受多种因素影响,加强心理干预,配合药物治疗,能收到较好效果.     

2型糖尿病与心理障碍关系的分析

目的 了解2型糖尿病患者的情绪障碍及其影响因素。方法 对160例2型糖尿病患者及105例正常对照者进行了回顾性Znng氏自评抑郁、焦虑量表的调查。结果 结果显示糖尿病组抑郁症患病率为36．25％（58／160）,焦虑症患病率29．38％（47／160）;对照组分别为3．33％、1．33％（P值均＜0．001）。抑郁症与体重指数、血糖、TG及CH具有相关性（r分别等于0．62,0．59,0．44,0．46,P值均＜0．01）。焦虑症与体重指数、血糖及TC也具有相关性(r分别等于0．67,0．62,0．48,P值均＜0．01）。抑郁量表得分与病程有关（r＝0．65,P＜0．01）,病程越长抑郁的程度越重、发生率越高。结论 2型糖尿病患者抑郁症及焦虑症的患病率较高,且与糖尿病病程、肥胖、血糖及血糖水平相关。     

Effect of Preoperative Modifiable Psychological and Behavioural Factors on Early Outcome Following Total Knee Arthroplasty in an Indian Population

BackgroundNon-surgical factors have been found to have significant impact on outcome following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). The study was conducted to know the independent effect of each of the four interacting psychological factors: anxiety, depression, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia on early outcome following TKA in an Indian population.Materials and Methods104 consecutive patients undergoing TKA were included in the study and followed up at 6 weeks, 6 months and one year. Preoperatively, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to diagnose and quantify anxiety and depression, pain catastrophizing and kinesiophobia were assessed using Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia, respectively. Outcome was assessed on the basis of Knee Society Score and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score. Regression analysis was done to know independent effect of each factor on outcome scores.ResultsNine (8.7%) patients were found to have undiagnosed psychopathology. The patients with psychopathologies were found to have significantly worse knee outcome scores on follow-up, although the rate of improvement in knee symptoms and function was not significantly different from those without psychopathology. The degree of Anxiety correlated with worse knee pain and stiffness up to 6 months while it correlated with poor knee function for a longer duration. The degree of depression and pain catastrophizing correlated with worse knee pain, stiffness and function at all visits while kinesiophobia didn’t show correlation independent other factors.ConclusionPsychopathology was found to be associated poor knee outcome scores with degree of preoperative depression and pain catastrophizing as significant independent predictors as poor outcome, whereas the effect of degree of anxiety on knee pain and stiffness was found to wane over time. Kinesiophobia didn’t show any independent correlation.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s43465-020-00325-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

A prospective longitudinal study of chronic abdominal pain and symptoms after sleeve gastrectomy

BackgroundSleeve gastrectomy (SG) is widely applied. Few studies have evaluated patient-reported abdominal symptoms after SG.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of chronic abdominal pain (CAP) and symptom characteristics after SG.SettingOslo University Hospital and Voss Hospital.MethodsWe performed a longitudinal prospective cohort study of patients operated on with SG at two tertiary referral centers. For broad assessments of abdominal pain and symptoms, consultations were performed and questionnaires retrieved before and 2 years after SG. The definition of CAP or recurrent abdominal pain lasting for more than 3 months was sustained. Preoperative predictors of CAP were explored.ResultsOf 249 patients at baseline, 207 (83.1%) had follow-up consultations. Mean preoperative body mass index was 43.9 (6.0) kg/m², and 181 patients (72.7%) were female. Total weight loss was 31.9% (10.4%). CAP was reported in 32 of 223 patients (14.3%) before and in 50 of 186 patients (26.9%) after SG (P =.002). All mean gastrointestinal symptoms rating scale questionnaire scores increased after SG, and they were higher in patients with CAP. Symptoms of depression decreased but were more prevalent in patients with CAP at follow-up. Most quality-of-life scores increased after SG. However, patients with CAP had lower scores (except for physical functioning). Preoperative bothersome Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale reflux symptoms, study center, and younger age seemed to predict CAP after SG.ConclusionThe prevalence of patient-reported CAP increased after SG. Patients reporting CAP had reduced quality-of-life scores.     

精准护理在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间肿瘤晚期患者中的应用

目的探讨精准护理在新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间肿瘤晚期患者中的应用效果。方法选取2020年1—3月于医院肿瘤科住院的82例肿瘤晚期患者作为研究对象,所有患者住院后均实施精准护理,比较患者在入院和出院时的焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分。结果出院时,患者的SAS及SDS评分均低于入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论精准护理可有效降低新型冠状病毒肺炎流行期间肿瘤晚期患者的焦虑及抑郁水平。     

基于成分等时替代模型的高中生身体活动与焦虑症状相关性分析

目的 了解高中生在居家网课期间身体活动、焦虑症状状况及其相关性,为高中生的身心健康干预提供科学依据。方法 2020年4月,某校高中生以问卷星形式完成在线调查,内容包括:一般资料、生活作息、身体活动、焦虑自评量表。采用成分等时替代模型分析高中生24 h行为活动（包括身体活动、静坐行为和睡眠）与焦虑症状的相关性。结果 共调查1 324人,高中生焦虑症状患病率为23.34%。10 min中高强度身体活动（MVPA）替代久坐行为（SB）、低强度身体活动（LPA）与焦虑得分减少相关有统计学意义（平均变化量分别为 - 0.25（95%CI: - 0.47～ - 0.04）、 - 0.24（95%CI : - 0.46～ - 0.02））。随着 MVPA 替代 LPA、SB和睡眠（SLP）的时间增加,焦虑得分预测值减少量增加。结论 高中生居家网课期间焦虑情绪不容忽视,进行中高强度身体活动能有效预防焦虑症状发生。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁影响的研究

目的 评价经皮冠状动脉介入治疗对冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁影响。方法 600例冠心病患者根据是否在冠状动脉造影时接受支架植入术治疗分为支架组（n = 400）和非支架组（n = 200）,400例支架组患者根据术后是否接受心理干预治疗进一步随机分成干预组（n = 200）和非干预组（n = 200）。患者入院后1 d、PCI治疗后1 d、出院时分别采用焦虑自我量表和抑郁自我量表进行焦虑和抑郁评分,比较不同时间患者焦虑和抑郁评分。结果 3组患者平均年龄、性别构成、血红蛋白含量、总胆固醇含量、甘油三酯含量、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）,具有可比性。入院后1 d,3组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）;PCI治疗后 1 d,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分均显著高于非支架组（均P < 0.05）,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者焦虑（t = 11.21,P < 0.01;t = 9.96,P < 0.01）和抑郁评分（t = 8.56,P < 0.01;t = 6.73,P < 0.01）均显著高于入院后1 d。出院时,3组冠心病患者焦虑和抑郁评分差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）,干预组和非干预组冠心病患者出院时焦虑（t = 21.57,P < 0.01;t = 15.77,P < 0.01）和抑郁评分（t = 24.33,P < 0.01;t = 15.01,P < 0.01）均显著低于PCI治疗后 1 d,干预组焦虑和抑郁评分均显著低于非干预组（均P < 0.05）。结论 PCI治疗会加重冠心病患者术后焦虑和抑郁状态,而心理干预治疗可减轻焦虑和抑郁状态。     

不同特征女性人工流产时焦虑、抑郁情绪及影响因素

目的:研究不同特征女性人工流产时焦虑、抑郁情绪评估及影响因素。方法:以2019年1-7月在本院择期行人工流产者105例,其中已婚54例、未婚51例,手术流产62例、药物流产43例。采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价并比较不同特征者人工流产前焦虑及抑郁程度,多因素logistic分析可能影响因素。结果:不同婚姻状态、文化程度、孕次、产次、流产方式者发生术前焦虑及抑郁程度存在差异(P<0.05),不同年龄、流产次数者术前焦虑及抑郁程度评分未见差异(P>0.05);未婚及手术流产者术前焦虑及抑郁情况最高(P<0.05)。多因素分析,流产妇女婚姻状态、文化程度、产次、孕次以及流产方式均为产生术前焦虑情绪的独立危险因素。结论:未婚及手术流产者流产前负面情绪较高,提示临床在行人工流产中,及时开展健康教育,做好咨询工作,降低流产妇女的负面情绪,提升生殖健康质量。     

“One-trial tolerance” to the anxiolytic actions of benzodiazepines in the elevated plus-maze,or the development of a phobic state?

Diazepam (5 mg/kg) increased the number of shocks accepted by rats on two successive trials in the punished drinking test. Thus, the phenomenon of one trial tolerance to the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines in the elevated plus-maze does not generalise to this other animal test of anxiety. FG 7142 (20 mg/kg) and prior exposure to the odour of a cat had significant anxiogenic effects on two successive trials in the plus-maze. Thus the phenomenon of one trial tolerance does not generalise to these anxiogenic effects in the plus-maze. Furthermore, chlordiazepoxide retained its ability to counteract the anxiogenic effects in the plus-maze of prior exposure to cat odour, over successive trials. On the basis of these and previous experiments it is suggested that the state of anxiety generated on trial 2 in the plus-maze is close to a phobic state, against which benzodiazepines are relatively ineffective. Chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg) was also ineffective against the behavioural responses of rats during exposure to cat odour, another possible animal test of phobia. This contrasted with its efficacy against the anxiogenic effects of cat odour that subsequently generalised to and could be detected in the plus-maze.     

医学生睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪关系的探讨

目的 研究医学生睡眠质量与焦虑抑郁情绪的相关性,并对影响睡眠质量的有关因素进行探讨。方法 以匹慈堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、自评抑郁量表（SDS）为评价工具,采用分层整群抽样方法,调查某医学院1－4年级医学本科生睡眠障碍的发生率及分布特征。结果 医学生睡眠障碍的发生率为15．75％,男生（9．42％）女生（6．34％）间无显著性差异。19．18％的学生有抑郁情绪,男女生分别为10．10％和9．08％（P＜0．05）,15．75％的学生存在焦虑,并且10．27％的学生焦虑、抑郁情绪并存。PSQI总分与SAS、SDS得分均呈显著正相关。回归分析表明,影响PSQI总分的因素依次为睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、入睡时间、睡眠质量、日间功能、催眠质量、日间功能、催眠药物、睡眠时间。结论 焦虑、抑郁情绪是影响医学生睡眠质量的重要因素,提高医学生的心理素质,增强其适应环境的能力,对于保持良好的健康状态是十分必要的。