褐藻多糖GS201对脑神经细胞生存的影响

采用体外神经细胞培养的方法 ,检测 GS2 0 1对神经细胞的营养作用。结果表明 ,GS2 0 10 .0 1、0 .1、1、10 mg· L-1能显著提高神经细胞的存活率 ,其中 10 mg· L-1效果最好 ,并呈一定的量效关系     

螺旋藻多糖对臭氧致小鼠肺损伤的保护性研究

目的　观察臭氧对肺造成的损伤和螺旋藻多糖(polysaccharidefromspirulinaplatensis ,PSP)对损伤的影响。方法　利用臭氧吸入造成肺损伤模型 ,以黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清和肺匀浆的SOD活性 ,硫代巴比妥显色法测定MDA含量 ,并利用透射电镜观察肺组织细胞的形态学变化。结果　各PSP给药组的小鼠 ,血清和肺组织的SOD活性上升 ,MDA含量降低 ,与模型组相比 ,在统计学上差异有显著性(P <0 0 5 )。电镜结果发现模型组的肺组织细胞有明显的凋亡性改变 ,而各给药组的损伤相对较轻。结论　PSP可以保护臭氧造成的肺损伤     

甘草的活性成分与临床应用及禁忌

甘草为豆科植物,根及根茎是其药用部位。甘草味甘,性平,归心、肺、脾、胃、经,含有多种活性成分,具有祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、抗病毒、抗菌、调和诸药等功效。为更好的发挥甘草的临床疗效,将历代医者对甘草的研究与应用作出概述,并详细的指出了甘草在临床中的应用禁忌。     

Microbe-metabolite-host axis,two-way action in the pathogenesis and treatment of human autoimmunity

The role of microorganism in human diseases cannot be ignored. These microorganisms have evolved together with humans and worked together with body's mechanism to maintain immune and metabolic function. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbe and their metabolites open up new doors for the study of human response mechanism. The complexity and interdependence of these microbe-metabolite-host interactions are rapidly being elucidated. There are various changes of microbial levels in models or in patients of various autoimmune diseases (AIDs). In addition, the relevant metabolites involved in mechanism mainly include short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), and polysaccharide A (PSA). Meanwhile, the interaction between microbes and host genes is also a factor that must be considered. It has been demonstrated that human microbes are involved in the development of a variety of AIDs, including organ-specific AIDs and systemic AIDs. At the same time, microbes or related products can be used to remodel body's response to alleviate or cure diseases. This review summarizes the latest research of microbes and their related metabolites in AIDs. More importantly, it highlights novel and potential therapeutics, including fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Nonetheless, exact mechanisms still remain elusive, and future research will focus on finding a specific strain that can act as a biomarker of an autoimmune disease.     

Structural characterization of polysaccharide‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles produced by Staphylococcus warneri,isolated from a thermal spring

The biocompatible‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have attracted a great interest because of their various applications in biological science and medicine. In most cases, the toxic effect of naked iron oxide nanoparticles is completely cleared by adding a biocompatible coating, such as polysaccharides, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or biosynthesis of biocompatible‐coated IONs using microorganisms such as bacteria. In the present study, polysaccharide‐coated iron oxide nanoparticles were produced by a strain of Staphylococcus warneri isolated from a thermal spring. For identification of the isolated bacterium, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was done. Characterization of the nanoparticles was performed for the first time, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray crystallography (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)?2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results indicated that the spherical iron oxide nanoparticles were coated by a polysaccharide (13.6%), which provided a large negative charge of ?91 mV and very low saturation magnetization of around 0.28 emu/g. The result of MTT assay on MOLT‐4 cell lines showed that the percentage of viability was between 95.6% and 68.9% in the 10–100 µM of nanoparticle concentrations with a high IC ₅₀ value, which makes it appropriate for biomedical applications such as cancer therapy.     

扬子鳄肺内CGRP免疫反应纤维和细胞的分布

目的:了解扬子鳄肺内降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)免疫反应物质的存在和分布规律,更进一步探索扬子鳄肺呼吸的调节机能的形成和衍化规律.方法:应用ABC免疫组化方法,对5条扬子幼鳄肺内CGRP免疫反应纤维和细胞进行了观察.结果:CGRP免疫反应纤维在扬子鳄肺内分布广泛,血管壁及其周围阳性纤维较多,肺囊壁和间质内亦有阳性纤维存在,间质中还能见到阳性反应细胞存在.结论:CGRP神经肽类物质在肺内的发现,表明扬子鳄肺内存在肽能神经调节因子,对其进一步研究有助于肺呼吸肽能调节机制的阐明.     

Antibodies to pneumococcal polysaccharides in pneumonia and response to pneumococcal vaccination in young children in Papua New Guinea.

Antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharides were measured by ELISA in Papua New Guinean children with pneumonia aged 0-14 months, in age-matched healthy Papua New Guinean controls and in healthy expatriate children living in Papua New Guinea. At 0-5 months of age, the IgG antibody titres against six of the eight polysaccharides measured were significantly lower in pneumonia patients than in both control groups. Antibody titres in 6-14-month-old Papua New Guinean controls were significantly lower than in control Papua New Guineans aged 0-5 months for five of the eight polysaccharides tested. In the 6-14-months age group the antibody titre was significantly lower in pneumonia patients than in controls for only one polysaccharide. For seven of the eight serotypes tested, antibody levels in expatriate controls did not decline with age. Antibody responses of Papua New Guinean children aged 6-18 months to a 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine were serotype dependent. Fold increases in response to the vaccine were greatest for the IgA isotype. IgG antibody responses were greater than three fold to four of the eight serotypes tested.     

藻酸双酯钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑环境的影响及对鸡胚背根神经节的促生长作用

 目的观察藻酸双酯钠(PSS)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑环境的影响及对培养的鸡胚背根神经节的促生长作用。方法采用大鼠大脑中动脉结扎模型研究PSS对局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑环境的影响;采用鸡胚背根神经节体外培养模型研究PSS对培养的鸡胚背根神经节的促生长作用。结果在大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型中,PSS可呈剂量依赖性阻止大脑皮质Ca²⁺释放,降低脑组织Na⁺,NO,丙二醛(MDA)浓度,抑制一氧化氮合酶(NOS),增强超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),Na⁺-K⁺- ATPase,Ca²⁺-ATPase活性,提高K⁺浓度;在鸡胚背根神经节体外培养模型中,PSS可呈剂量依赖性促进鸡胚背根神经节生长。结论 PSS能改善大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后的损伤脑环境,促进鸡胚背根神经节生长,对局灶性脑缺血有保护作用。     

当归对缺氧缺血性脑损伤幼年大鼠神经元的保护作用

目的探讨脑缺氧缺血对幼年大鼠海马齿状回神经元的影响及当归注射对其保护作用。方法取7日龄健康SD新生大鼠33只,随机分为对照组、缺氧组和当归组各11只。缺氧组和当归组新生大鼠在无菌环境下结扎左侧颈总动脉,术后护理2 h后置于三气培养箱持续缺氧2 h/d,连续7 d,制作新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型,对照组仅行假手术,不结扎左侧颈总动脉、不缺氧。术后第8 d开始,缺氧组和对照组大鼠经腹腔注射生理盐水（8 ml/Kg）,连续7 d;当归组用等量当归注射液（250 g/L）代替生理盐水。于生后第40 d取大鼠脑组织,常规石蜡包埋、经海马切片,行神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）免疫组化染色,图像分析海马齿状回NSE阳性细胞的积分光密度（IOD）值。结果缺氧组大鼠海马齿状回NSE阳性细胞的IOD值较对照组降低,而当归组NSE阳性细胞的IOD值较缺氧组增高。结论脑缺氧缺血可降低幼年大鼠海马齿状回NSE的表达,而当归注射液对缺氧缺血性脑损伤幼年大鼠神经元可能具有保护作用。