肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的回顾性分析

目的了解肠瘘患者腔静脉导管感染的发生率、细菌菌谱及药敏情况。方法对1998年1月至2001年4月收治的使用腔静脉导管进行全肠外营养(TPN)的肠瘘患者进行回顾性分析。结果216例肠瘘患者,共进行了358次腔静脉置管,腔静脉导管尖端培养阳性的有88次(24.6%),腔静脉导管平均使用时间为(16.9±13.0)d。88次腔静脉导管感染的尖端共培养出95株细菌,其中革兰阴性菌54株,占56.8%;其次为革兰阳性菌35株,占36.8%;真菌6株,占6.4%。根据药物敏感试验结果及临床表现,有16例患者更换了抗生素,4例改用抗真菌药物,所有患者均治愈。结论对于肠瘘患者,腔静脉感染仍是实施静脉营养的主要并发症之一,革兰阴性细菌感染最常见。     

胆胰液分流预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的价值

目的：探讨胆胰液分流预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘的价值。方法；对91例胰十二指肠切除术患胰、胆、胃消化直重建时分别采用改良Roux-en—Y吻合术、总胆管放置T型引流管和胰管内放置引流管3种胆胰液分流术治疗，同时用未行胆胰液分流术45例作对照。结果：胰十二指肠切除术后行胆胰液分流术91例的胰瘘发生率为2．2％(2／91)，未行胆胰液分流术45例的胰瘘发生率为15．5％(7／45)（P＝0.00065)。应用改Roux－en—Y吻合术6例，胰管内放置引流管26例，无1例出现胰瘘；总胆管放置T型引流管59例，2例出现胰瘘。结论：胆胰液分流是预防胰十二指肠切除术后胰瘘发生的重要环节。     

经肛门结肠拖下术治疗小儿直肠阴道瘘

目的：总结经肛门浆以鞘内结肠拖出术加内括约肌成形术治疗小儿直肠阴道瘘的手术效果，方法：自1999年采用该术式治疗小儿直肠阴道瘘15例，12例为第一次手术，3例为复发瘘，结果：手术时间平均72（60／90）min，术中出血约5－10ml，术后24h内恢复肠道功能，2d开始进食，平均住院时间7．4d，术后1月每日排便4－8次，6月后每日排便1－2次，无1例瘘复发。结论：经肛门浆肌层鞘内结肠拖下术结合内括约肌成形术治疗小儿直肠阴道瘘，手术创伤小，操作简单，复发率低，近期疗效好。     

低切高挂半缝合半开放引流术治疗高位肛瘘

目的 :探讨治疗高位肛瘘的手术方式。方法 :5 0例高位肛瘘分为 2组 ,试验组直肠环以上瘘管挂线 ;直肠环以下瘘管切除 ,肛门外切口间断全层缝合 ,肛门内切口开放引流。对照组直肠环以上瘘管挂线 ;直肠环以下瘘管切开。结果 :(1)治愈率 :试验组 10 0 % (2 5 / 2 5 ) ,对照组 96 % (2 4 / 2 5 )。 (2 )伤口愈合时间 :试验组 (9.0 4± 1.93) d,对照组 (2 4 .6± 4 .2 2 )d (P <0 .0 1)。 (3)肛管弹性 :试验组术前优 18例、良 6例、差 1例 ;术后优 16例、良 7例、差 2例。对照组术前优 2 0例、良 3例、差 2例 ;术后优 11例、良 9例、差 5例。 (4)肛门平滑度 :试验组术后正常 2 4例 ,对照组术后正常 3例。(5 )伤口水肿 :试验组 2 3例 (92 % ) ,对照组无。 (6 )伤口疼痛 :试验组重度 2 1例、中度 3例、轻度 1例。对照组重度 2例、中度 2 0例、轻度 3例。 (7)伤口感染 :试验组 2例、对照组 1例。结论 :瘘管切除半缝合半开放引流术在保持肛门的功能、外形及缩短治疗时间上优于瘘管切开全开放引流术     

An Unusual Complication of Vesical Stones

The author reports a complicated recurrence of genital tract fistula. The initial vesicovaginal fistula resulted from obstructed labor, which was subsequently surgically managed without success. The patient had a recurrent vesicovaginal fistula that was formed by the erosion of vesical stones through the anterior endopelvic fascia into the vagina. The stones eventually eroded into the rectum, resulting in the formation of a complex vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula.     

Ventricular septal fistula formation due to infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement

We report a case of infectious endocarditis in a 77-year-old woman who was undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy, and who was also having a prosthetic aortic valve replacement. The disease resulted from a local skin infection at the needle puncture site of the arteriovenous fistula. Ampicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was the causal organism. Surgical treatment could not be performed because of associated intracranial hemorrhage due to septic embolism. In spite of intensive treatment with several antibiotics, a ventricular septal abscess just beneath the prosthetic aortic valve progressed to form a ventricular septal fistula. The resultant intracardiac left-to-right shunt led to refractory congestive heart failure. The patient finally died of heart failure. The formation of a ventricular septal fistula is considered to be a rare and extraordinary complication of infectious endocarditis in a hemodialysis patient with aortic valve replacement. Received: July 25, 2001 / Accepted: November 3, 2001     

Entero-colocutaneous fistula: a late consequence of polypropylene mesh abdominal wall repair: case report and review of the literature

Background. The underlying risk associated with visceral mesh erosion is the close opposition of adjacent intestines to the prosthetic graft. This highly morbid condition has been described with most types and techniques of abdominal wall mesh repair. Patient. We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with an entero-colocutaneous fistula 10 years after prosthetic mesh repair of an incisional hernia. The fistula was excised and the abdominal wall defect repaired with a tissue-impervious composite. Conclusions. The use of a tissue-impervious barrier avoids development of enteric fistula when a prosthesis is placed directly over the viscera. Electronic Publication     

Experience in treating congenital esophageal atresia in China

Purpose

The aim of the study was to evaluate our recent experience in treating esophageal atresia (EA) and the outcomes observed at a single center for pediatric surgery.

Materials and Methods

The records of infants with EA from 2006 to 2009 were reviewed. Birth weight, associated anomalies, details of management, complications, and outcomes were examined.

Results

Forty-eight consecutive infants with EA were identified from 2006 to 2009, of which 33 (69%) were boys. Mean birth weight was 2668 g (range, 1700-3800 g). Common associated malformations (35%) were cardiac anomalies, imperforate anus, limb anomalies, and chromosomal anomalies. Forty-seven were Gross type C, and one was Gross type A. Forty-five infants underwent ligation of the tracheoesophageal fistula and end-to-side primary anastomosis, and one received a colonic interposition. Six patients died (12.5% mortality). Three died before or during operation because of severe pneumonia and complex cardiac anomalies, and 3 died during recovery (within 1 month after repair) because of aspiration and severe pneumonia (early postoperative mortality was 6.67%). Complications included pneumonia, anastomotic leakage (16%, all recovered after conservative treatment), wound sepsis (11%), recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula (9%) (3/4 recovered after conservative treatment), anastomotic stricture (10%), and gastroesophageal reflux in about 2 of 3 patients. Preoperative computed tomographic imaging and 3-dimensional graphic reconstruction used in 15 patients were useful.

Conclusions

Most patients with EA have excellent short- to midterm surgical outcomes. The main factors for mortality are complex cardiac anomalies, aspiration, and pneumonia. Computed tomographic imaging and 3-dimensional graphic reconstruction can provide surgeons with excellent preoperative reference about the anatomy of the defect. Most anastomotic related complications resolve with conservative treatment. Patients of low-risk prognosis group with type A and long gap EA can be managed with a primary colonic interposition with good results. The main midterm complications are gastroesophageal reflux and stricture.     

放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗高位肛瘘（附45例报告）

目的探讨放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗高位肛瘘的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析我科在2006～2009年45例高位肛瘘患者采取放射状多切口浮线对口引流治疗的临床资料。结果 45例全部治愈,疗程25～35d,无肛门失禁、狭窄、畸形、缺损,肛门功能正常。结论本术式治疗高位肛瘘疗效确切,能有效地保护肛门括约肌功能。     

肛门内括约肌切除术治疗T1～2期超低位直肠癌的疗效评价

目的评价在全直肠系膜切除术（TME）的基础上采取肛门内括约肌切除术（ISR）治疗T1和T2期超低位直肠癌患者的临床疗效和生存结果。方法对2000年3月至2007年3月间实施ISR的40例超低位直肠癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果40例患者术前的肿瘤分期为T1-2N0-1M0。实施完全ISR者5例,部分ISR者23例,改良的部分ISR（保留部分齿状线）12例。术后3例患者出现并发症,其中吻合口瘘1例,伤口感染2例：无围手术期死亡。全组术后5年生存率97％,5年无瘤生存率86％。术后12个月时,接受部分ISR者和改良的部分ISR者的肛门功能优于完全ISR者（分别P=0．008和P=0．004）;接受预防性造口患者的肛门功能优于未接受造口者（P=0．043）。结论ISR选择性治疗超低位直肠癌安全可行。在保证根治的前提下尽可能保留齿状线和部分内括约肌以及行预防性造口可能有助于改善术后肛门功能。