中药熏泡合糖皮质激素外用治疗手足部慢性角化性湿疹32例

目的：观察中药熏洗治疗手足部慢性角化性湿疹的临床疗效。方法：将符合纳入标准的88例手足部慢性湿疹患者随机分为中药组、西药组、中西医结合组。中药组外用自拟中药煎剂熏洗,西药组外用丙酸氯倍他索软膏,中西医结合组采用中药组与西药组两种疗法相结合进行治疗结果：中西医结合组临床总有效率为100．0％,西药组为61．5％,中药组为80．0％。中药组与西药组总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0．127）;中西医结合组总有效率显著高于西药组（P=0．000）,高于中药组,但差异无显著性（连续校正x^2检验,P=0．026）。结论：中药熏泡配合糖皮质激素外用可显著提高手足部慢性角化性湿疹的临床疗效。     

How much did cold shock and swimming failure contribute to drowning deaths in the fishing industry in British Columbia 1976-2002?

BACKGROUND: The Workers' Compensation Board of British Columbia requested a retrospective analysis of all fishermen's deaths from immersion in water in British Columbia. AIMS: To identify the underlying cause of drowning and make recommendations to improve safety in the fishing industry. METHOD: Eighty-nine inshore and offshore fishing accidents were analysed. Where possible, deaths were classified into the four stages of cold-water immersion: cold shock, swimming failure, hypothermia and post-rescue collapse. Other factors that led up to the drowning were also identified. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty fishermen died from immersion between 1976 and 2002. One hundred and twenty-eight drownings were certified by the coroner as drowning or drowning/hypothermia and two were certified as cardiac event after immersion. The underlying causes of drownings were reclassified as: cold shock (5.4%), swimming failure (5.4%), hypothermia (5.4%), post-rescue collapse (0.8%), cardiac event (0.8%) and drowning/other (10%). In the remaining 72.2% of deaths, there was insufficient information to determine an underlying cause. All deaths occurred in water below 17.5 degrees C but 95% were in water less than 15 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Immersion in water below 15 degrees C is dangerous and this should be emphasized on marine survival courses. Accident investigators, coroners and pathologists need a common checklist to record vital data. A recommended format is included as Supplementary data available at Occupational Medicine Online. Fishermen should be educated about the dangers of sudden, unexpected immersion in cold water. Consideration should be given to making marine survival courses mandatory for fishermen.     

一种开放性颅脑外伤海水浸泡的动物模型

目的 建立一种开放性颅脑外伤海水浸泡动物模型,研究其伤情特点.方法 健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠100只,随机分为5组,分别为对照组、轻型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组、中型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组、重型颅脑外伤海水浸泡组和重型颅脑外伤生理盐水浸泡组.采用控制性皮质撞击法造成不同程度的脑外伤,致伤后将大鼠局部损伤的脑组织浸泡在人工海水或生理盐水中,构建动物模型.观察各组大鼠行为学、病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障通透性等变化.结果 建立的动物模型可较好地模拟遭海水浸泡的开放性颅脑外伤伤情特点.随脑外伤程度的加重,大鼠神经功能损伤、脑组织病理学、脑含水量、血脑屏障破坏程度逐渐加重;同等伤情下海水浸泡组脑组织坏死和出血等病理改变较生理盐水浸泡组明显加重;浸泡后24 h,同等伤情下海水浸泡组较生理盐水浸泡组脑组织含水量、血脑屏障破坏程度等均有显著加重.结论 制作的大鼠模型可模拟不同程度开放性颅脑外伤遭海水浸泡后的伤情变化.     

Influence of adiposity on cooling efficiency in hyperthermic individuals

This study evaluated the effect of body adiposity on core cooling rates, as measured by decreases in rectal (T (re)), esophageal (T (es)) and aural canal (T (ac)) temperatures, of individuals rendered hyperthermic by dynamic exercise in the heat. Seventeen male participants were divided into two groups; low body fat (LF, 12.9 +/- 1.9%) and high body fat (HF, 22.3 +/- 4.3%). Participants exercised at 65% of their maximal oxygen uptake at an ambient air temperature of 40 degrees C until T (re) increased to 40 degrees C or until volitional fatigue. Following exercise, participants were immersed up to the clavicles in an 8 degrees C circulated water bath until T (re) returned to 37.5 degrees C. No significant differences were found between the LF and HF in the time to reach a T (re) of 39.5 degrees C (P = 0.205), 38.5 degrees C (P = 0.343) and 37.5 degrees C (P = 0.923) during the immersion. Overall cooling rate for T (re) was also similar between groups (0.23 +/- 0.09 degrees C/min (LF) vs. 0.20 +/- 0.09 degrees C/min (HF), P = 0.647) as well as those for T (es) (P = 0.502) and T (ac) (P = 0.940). Furthermore, mean rate of non-evaporative heat loss (702 +/- 217 W/m(2) (LF) vs. 612 +/- 141 W/m(2) (HF), P = 0.239) was not different between groups. These results suggest that a difference of approximately 10% of body adiposity does not affect core cooling rates in active individuals under 25% body fat rendered hyperthermic by exercise.     

Static immersion and irritation tests of dental metal-ceramic alloys

The expansion of the European Union is bringing new types of metal-ceramic alloys to the market, i.e. alloys probably unknown in Western-European dentistry. The aim of this study was to investigate recent developments and "classic" alloy compositions (one iron and two cobalt alloys, unalloyed titanium and an experimental titanium-zirconium alloy, and one gold alloy containing copper and zinc). The alloys and titanium were subject to static immersion in a 0.1 mol l(-1) solution of saline lactic acid before and after oxidation, hence simulating the temperature cycles for the application of ceramic to metal. The greatest amounts of released metal ions were found in the electrolytes of the oxidized gold alloy and of a cobalt alloy not exposed to high-temperature oxidation. Corrosion of the titanium and alloy surfaces was related to the condition of the specimen. The irritation potentials of some metal ions found in the electrolyte were investigated by performing the hen's egg test-chorio-allantoic membrane (HET-CAM) procedure with 1 mmol l(-1) solutions of Ce(3+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Fe(2+), and Ti(4+) ions. The irritation potential of the electrolyte of the oxidized gold alloy with a high concentration of metal elements was also investigated. Of these solutions, only the 1 mmol l(-1) Cu(2+) solution was graded as slightly irritating.     

Antibacterial effects and biocompatibility of titanium surfaces with graded silver incorporation in titania nanotubes

Most commercial dental implants are made of titanium (Ti) because Ti possesses excellent properties such as osseointegration. However, many types of Ti products still suffer from insufficient antibacterial capability and bacterial infection after surgery remains one of the most common and intractable complications. In this study, a dual process encompassing anodization and silver plasma immersion ion implantation (Ag PIII) is utilized to produce titania nanotubes (TiO₂-NTs) containing Ag at different sites and depths. The concentration and depth of the incorporated Ag can be tailored readily by changing the PIII parameters. The Ag-embedded TiO₂-NTs which retain the nanotubular morphology are capable of sterilizing oral pathogens as opposed to pure Ti plates and pristine TiO₂-NTs. Biological assays indicate that the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the sample plasma-implanted at a lower voltage of 0.5 kV (NT-Ag-0.5) is significantly compromised due to the large amount of surface Ag. On the other hand, the sample implanted at 1 kV (NT-Ag-1.0) exhibits unimpaired effects due to the smaller surface Ag accumulation. Sample NT-Ag-1.0 is further demonstrated to possess sustained antibacterial properties due to the large embedded depth of Ag and the technique and resulting materials have large potential in dental implants.     

Antiulcer Activity of Ficus glomerata.

Abstract

The ethanol extracts of F. glomerata. Linn. (Moraceae) bark and leaves were studied for antiulcer activity against aspirin plus pylorus ligation–induced gastric ulcer, HCl-ethanol–induced ulcer, and water immersion stress–induced ulcer in rats. These plant extracts attenuated the gastric volume, free acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index. They also reduced the gastric lesion induced by HCl-ethanol mixture and showed protection against water immersion stress–induced ulcers.     

南京地区淡色库蚊抗药性调查研究

目的了解南京市淡色库蚊幼虫对常用杀虫剂的抗性现状,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法幼虫浸渍法。结果南京市淡色库蚊幼虫对敌敌畏产生中等抗性,LC50为0．2728mg／L;对高效氯氰菊酯产生低抗,LC50为0．0010mg／L,对溴氰菊酯、双硫磷、仲丁威均敏感,LC50分别为0．0018、0．0008、0．0825mg／L。结论在南京蚊虫防治中,应减少敌敌畏、高效氯氰菊酯的使用,增加溴氰菊酯、双硫磷等杀虫剂的使用;加强淡色库蚊幼虫抗药性监测工作,合理使用杀虫剂,预防和延缓淡色库蚊幼虫抗药性的产生与发展。     

Case report: The physiology of a preventable tragedy –Near death in a hot tub

Hyperthermia in children is a known risk within enclosed vehicles. Exposure to an overheated hot tub poses a real risk in children due to unique pediatric physiology. Medical and aquatic professionals should understand the risk and mitigation strategies.