苗族药艳山姜的研究进展

艳山姜Alpinia zerumbet作为贵州省少数民族常用药物,具有温中燥湿、行气止痛、截疟之功效,主治心腹冷痛、胸腹胀满、消化不良、呕吐腹泻等症状,目前已有近200多年的悠久历史。作者查阅了近30年中外文献,综述了国内外艳山姜化学成分及其药理作用的研究进展,以期为艳山姜的药用价值提供理论依据。随着仪器和科技的进步,艳山姜化学成分引起越来越多的关注,目前已经分离并鉴定出200多种化合物,主要包括挥发油类、黄酮类、甾体类、萜类以及有机酸类等多种化学成分。药理学研究表明艳山姜具有抗氧化、降血压、解痉镇痛、对内皮细胞的保护作用等多种药理活性。然而,目前对艳山姜化学成分的研究仅停留在挥发油部分,对其他有机物及多糖的研究较少,不够深入。临床上对艳山姜用药部位使用比较混乱,艳山姜根、茎、叶、花、果实及种子均可入药,但各药用部位所对应的药理作用没有明确的说明,导致临床用药混乱。此外,对于艳山姜药理作用机制不明确,特别是止痛、消食和抗溃疡等传统活性的研究中,仅能探明其具有该药理活性,而对作用机制的研究较少;且现有研究主要为体外活性实验,还需要临床实验的进一步验证,为进一步合理开发和综合利用艳山姜的药用资源提供参考。     

Anti-obesity effects of galangin,a pancreatic lipase inhibitor in cafeteria diet fed female rats

Abstract

Context: Alpinia galanga Willd (Zingiberaceae) (AG) is a rhizomatous herb widely cultivated in shady regions of Malaysia, India, Indochina and Indonesia. It is used in southern India as a domestic remedy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, cough, asthma, obesity, diabetes, etc. It was reported to have anti-obesity, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties.

Objective: A flavonol glycoside, galangin, was isolated from AG rhizomes. Based on its in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect, the study was further aimed to clarify whether galangin prevented obesity induced in female rats by feeding cafeteria diet (CD) for 6 weeks.

Materials and methods: The in vitro pancreatic lipase inhibitory effect of galangin was determined by measuring the release of oleic acid from triolein. For in vivo experiments, female albino rats were fed CD with or without 50?mg/kg galangin for 6 weeks. Body weight and food intake was measured at weekly intervals. On day 42, serum lipids levels were estimated and then the weight of liver and parametrial adipose tissue (PAT) was determined. The liver lipid peroxidation and triglyceride (TG) content was also estimated.

Results: The IC₅₀ value of galangin for pancreatic lipase was 48.20?mg/mL. Galangin produced inhibition of increased body weight, energy intake and PAT weight induced by CD. In addition, galangin produced a significant decrease in serum lipids, liver weight, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of hepatic TGs.

Conclusion: Galangin present in AG rhizomes produces anti-obesity effects in CD-fed rats; this may be mediated through its pancreatic lipase inhibitory, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities.     

益智不同提取物对水负荷多尿模型大鼠缩尿作用的研究

目的：研究益智7种提取物对大鼠水负荷多尿模型大鼠的缩尿作用,并探讨分析益智缩尿的物质基础。方法采用水负荷多尿模型大鼠,对益智7种提取物进行缩尿活性筛选,采用代谢笼测定大鼠尿量、首次排尿时间,并计算2 h排泄率;ELISA测定大鼠血清中CRH的含量。结果益智醇提物组、益智果仁醇提物组、益智大孔树脂90%洗脱物组和圆柚酮组可以明显的降低2 h大鼠尿量(P<0.05),延长大鼠首次排尿时间(P<0.05),并能降低血清CRH的含量。结论益智的缩尿活性成分主要存在于益智果仁中,以圆柚酮为代表的倍半萜类成分可能是益智缩尿的物质基础。     

UPLC－MS法测定高良姜中高良姜素的含量

目的：建立快速、简便的超高效液相色谱质谱联用法（ UPLC－MS）测定高良姜中高良姜素的含量。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18（2．1 mm ×50 mm,1．7μm）色谱柱,以乙腈－0．1％甲酸水溶液流动相进行梯度洗脱;柱温30℃;流速0．3 ml／min;采用质谱一级全扫描方式、正离子模式检测。结果高良姜素在0．04～0．15 mg／ml之间与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相应的回归方程为：y＝1．927×105x＋2．832×104（r＝0．9999）;平均回收率为97．85,RSD为2．43。结论该方法快速简便,准确可靠,灵敏度高,可应用于高良姜中高良姜素含量的快速检测及高良姜的质量控制。     

不同方法提取益智挥发油后水溶性成分的比较

目的：对超临界CO2萃取与水蒸气蒸馏提取益智挥发油后的水溶性成分进行比较。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,以Diamonsil C18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）为固定相,甲醇-水为流动相梯度洗脱,PAD检测器,检测波长254nm,流速1.0mL/min,柱温30℃。结果：2种方法提取挥发油后的水溶性成分都较多且谱图比较相似。结论：益智临床使用时应考虑到传统用法而尽可能保留非挥发性成分。     

益智仁挥发油对帕金森病模型小鼠脑内纹状体和黑质损伤的影响

目的观察益智仁挥发油(VOA)脑保护作用的机制。方法C57BL小鼠随机分为正常对照组、帕金森病(PD)模型组、司来吉兰10mg·kg-1阳性对照组,VOA0.278,0.833和2.5mL·kg-1组。除正常对照和模型组外,各给药组分别预先ig给予VOA或司来吉兰,每天1次,连续12d。第6天开始,除正常对照组外,各组ip给予1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(MPTP)30mg·kg-1,每天1次,连续7d,制备PD小鼠模型。末次给药后第2天处死小鼠,荧光分光光度法测定小鼠脑内纹状体高香草酸(HVA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量,比色法检测纹状体内超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,SABC免疫组化法测定黑质致密部神经细胞内Bcl-2和天冬氨酸半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase 3)的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组小鼠脑内纹状体HVA,5-HT和GSH含量显著下降,SOD活性下降,MDA含量明显升高;黑质致密部Bcl-2和caspase 3免疫阳性细胞数增加。预先给予VOA0.833和2.5mL·kg-1可明显抑制MPTP所诱导的HVA和GSH含量及SOD活性的降低,并抑制MDA含量升高,2.5mL·kg-1可明显抑制5-HT含量降低。VOA0.833和2.5mL·kg-1可增加黑质致密部Bcl-2免疫阳性细胞数,减少caspase 3免疫阳性细胞数。VOA2.5mL·kg-1的作用与司来吉兰的作用相近。结论VOA的脑保护作用可能与其增加脑内纹状体单胺类神经递质释放、减轻氧化应激反应以及减少黑质致密部神经元凋亡等因素有关。     

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Alpinia officinarum

Alpinia officinarum is a rhizome belonging to the family zingeberaeceae. Hydro alcoholic extract by hot and cold maceration and methanol extract by percolation process Qualitative phytochemical analysis of extract of Alpinia officinarum rhizome showed a majority of the compound including tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. Hydroalcoholic extract prepared by hot maceration process was found to contain more phenol and flavonol and it was measured as 50.1 mg/g and 54.02 mg/g, respectively. All the three extracts showed moderate to potent antimicrobial activity against the Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureas, Pseudomonas auroginosa, Escherichia coli. None of the extracts showed antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. All the three extracts showed a concentration dependent radical scavenging activity by inhibiting diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical at the same time hydroalcoholic extract prepared by hot maceration process showed better reducing and total antioxidant activity.     

高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响研究

目的:研究高良姜总黄酮对胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用胃排空法观察高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空和溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进的影响;通过离体实验观察高良姜总黄酮对大鼠胃平滑肌的影响;用小肠推进法观察高良姜总黄酮对小鼠小肠运动的影响。结果:高良姜总黄酮对正常小鼠胃排空无显著影响,而对溴吡斯的明所致小鼠胃排空亢进有显著拮抗作用(P<0.01或P<0.05);对乙酰胆碱引起的大鼠胃平滑肌痉孪有显著抑制作用(P<0.01);对正常小鼠小肠运动有显著抑制作用,可明显减少推进距离,降低推进率(P<0.05)。结论:高良姜总黄酮能显著抑制胃肠运动。     

益智中2种倍半萜类成分的含量研究

目的:建立益智中oxyphyllenodiol A(1)和teuhetenone A(2)的HPLC含量测定方法,同时对市售药材、饮片及药材不同部位中2种成分的含量进行比较研究.方法:采用高效液相色谱法,使用Waters sunfire C18色谱柱(4.6 mm ×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长250 nm.结果:1和2分别在0.1296 ～0.8640μg和0.163 5 ～ 1.0900 μg线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为99.08％和97.80％,在所测的不同样品中质量分数分别为0.005 9％～0.0149％和0.0080％ ～0.0164％.1和2在益智全果中的质量分数均值分别为0.008 5％和0.0104％;在益智种子中的质量分数均值分别为0.0137％和0.0157％;果壳中未检测到2种成分.结论:该方法精密、准确、重现性好,可用于测定益智药材中oxyphyllenodiol A和teuhetenone A的含量;益智全果中2种成分含量主要源于益智的种子,且在不同样品间有一定差异;盐炙益智种子和生益智种子中2种成分含量较高且无明显差异.     

南姜表皮花青素清除亚硝酸盐及阻断亚硝胺合成的研究

本文利用大孔树脂纯化后的南姜表皮花青素,在模拟人体胃液(pH 3.0,温度为37℃)条件下,测试其清除亚硝酸钠及阻断亚硝胺合成的能力,并与维生素C(VitC)进行比较。结果表明该花青素对亚硝酸钠的最大清除率可达87.14%,是VitC清除能力的1.6倍;对亚硝胺合成的阻断率最大达94.82%,是VitC阻断能力的8倍。