健脾益气汤联合化疗对肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探究健脾益气汤联合化疗对肺癌术后患者免疫功能的影响。方法:回顾性分析106例肺癌术后患者临床资料,将采用常规化疗的患者纳入对照组(n=53),采用健脾益气汤联合化疗的患者纳入试验组(n=53)。比较两组疗效和治疗前后中医证候积分、免疫功能、生存质量及体重、不良反应。结果:两组患者均顺利完成化疗,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05); 两组治疗后中医证候积分均下降,试验组低于对照组(P<0.05); 对照组治疗后CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均下降,CD8⁺水平上升(P<0.05); 试验组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平均上升,CD8⁺水平下降,试验组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD8⁺水平优于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗后,两组免疫球蛋白(Ig)A水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05); 试验组IgM、IgG水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05); 两组治疗后Karnofsky体能状况(KPS)评分、体重均上升,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05); 治疗期间两组恶心呕吐、脱发程度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肾、肝功能异常程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:健脾益气汤联合化疗可改善肺癌术后患者免疫功能,改善患者中医证候和生存质量,改善患者体重,减少化疗药物不良反应,提高疗效。     

Assessment of retinol-binding protein excretion in normal children

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a low molecular weight protein freely filtered at the glomerulus. The fractional tubular reabsorption of RBP is 99.97% and increased excretion is therefore a sensitive marker of tubular dysfunction. We obtained early-morning urine specimens from 151 well children, from newborn to 16 years of age. RBP was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, albumin by a radioimmunoassay and creatinine by a modified Jaffé reaction. Protein excretion was assessed by calculating the protein: creatinine ratio for early-morning urine samples. We found a fall in both RBP and albumin excretion with increasing age, particularly in the 1st year of life, with a much wider variation in values from the infants studied. The mean excretion of RBP for children aged 0–6 months [51.4 (0.6–4,719) g/mmol] was significantly higher (P<0.001) than the mean for children aged 6 months to 16-years [15.0 (3.8–60) g/mmol]. It has been shown that measurement of tubular proteinuria using the RBP: creatinine ratio is useful in the assessment of children with renal disease and we propose a value two standard deviations above the geometric mean for the age of the patient as an upper limit of normal.     

Analysis of the soluble organic matrix of five morphologically different kidney stones

Our aims were to analyze the protein composition of the organic matrix of urinary stones and to investigate the role of albumin in its constitution. Five different morphological types of stones were studied. Proteins extracted from the stone were submitted to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and analyzed by immunoblotting with antibodies to 13 urinary proteins. Nine of the 13 proteins were found in all types of stone: human serum albumin (HSA), ₁-acid glycoprotein (₁-GP), ₁-microglobulin (₁-M), immunoglobulins (Igs), apolipoprotein A1 (apo-A1), transferrin (Tr), ₁-antitrypsin (₁-T), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and renal lithostathine (RL). The ₂-microglobulin (₂-M) was present only in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. In contrast, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) were detected in none of them. Because HSA appeared as the major protein component in all stones, we wondered whether it might play a specific role in the constitution of the stone matrix. Association of HSA with urinary proteins that were present in stones was demonstrated by showing that proteins present in the matrix comigrated with HSA on gel filtration, whereas proteins that were absent did not. Moreover, HSA induced the binding of stone matrix proteins to an albumin-specific affinity column. Finally, we evidenced HSA binding to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals in a solution similar to urine. It was concluded that (1) only a subset of urinary proteins is present in stone matrix, (2) the same proteins are found in all types of stones, (3) HSA shows significant affinity for several proteins of the matrix, but not for proteins absent from stones and, (4) HSA also displays significant affinity for COM crystals.     

Urinary albumin excretion in Spanish children

We measured urinary albumin excretion in 2,224 school-children (1,168 boys, 1,056 girls) aged 2–18 years, between 1989 and 1990 to establish reference values. We recorded all pathological antecedents and findings from physical examination, including anthropometric parameters and arterial blood pressure. The analytical study included serum total protein, albumin and creatinine. The second-morning urine and the nightly (rest) 10-h urine sample were collected and we determined the concentration of albumin and creatinine. We found a positive statistically significant correlation between the urinary albumin excretion (g/10 h) and age, height, weight and body surface area. We suggest that it would be useful to relate the urinary albumin excretion to body surface area. The mean value for albumin excretion was 3.49 g/ml in boys and 3.63 g/ml in girls. The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio showed a high correlation with the albumin excretion (r=0.958).The following members are co-authors of this report: N. Caballo, M. A. Arias, C. Serna, M. Ramirez and A. Cornejo     

Extracellular fluid and its proteins: dehydration, shock, and recovery

This review highlights characteristics of extracellular fluid (ECF) that are often overlooked. ECF has, in addition to plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) surrounding cells, a third large compartment, the ISF of skin and connective tissue. This acts as a reservoir that gives up ECF to plasma volume (PV) in order to sustain circulation in the event of either shock or dehydration. While Starling forces drive filtration, ECF is returned to PV more by lymph and less by Starling forces than previously appreciated. Lymph return to PV is dependent on physical activity and muscle contraction to overcome gravity. Regional change in metabolic rate alters the need for oxygen and nutrients that is met by a regional increase in capillary blood flow. Blood flow is controlled by vasoactive compounds released in response to a drop in PO₂; these relax capillary smooth muscle to increase blood flow and delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Plasma proteins, including albumin, are filtered into the interstitium through larger pores than those filtering ECF. The rate of protein filtration is set by size and charge of these larger endothelial pores and by size and charge of proteins. Charge of these pores, hence albumin permeability, is regulated by many of the same vasoactive compounds that control capillary flow. As a consequence, in response to gravitational stress and other forms of shock that reduce effective circulation, albumin as well as ECF is rapidly shifted from plasma and sequestered in ISF. When this has occurred, as in burn shock, restoration is better effected by generous expansion of ECF with Ringer’s solution alone, rather than with Ringer’s solution supplemented with human serum albumin or other colloid. Restoring both PV and ISF volume restores lymph circulation and returns sequestered albumin to PV. Received: 12 November 1998 / Revised: 30 March 1999 / Accepted: 2 April 1999     

Inflammation markers in nasal lavage, and nasal symptoms in relation to relocation to a newly painted building: a longitudinal study

Introduction: There is a need to evaluate possible health effects of ventilation improvements and emissions from new buildings, in longitudinal studies. New methods to study biological effects on the eyes and upper airways are now available. Material and methods: A longitudinal study was performed on 83 trained social workers in two offices in Uppsala, Sweden. The exposed group (n= 57) moved to a newly redecorated building nearby. Low emitting building material had been used, including a new type of solvent-free water-based paint. The control group (n= 26) worked in the same office during the study period (November 1995 to February 1996). Hygiene management was carried out in both offices, at the beginning and the end of the investigation. Tear film stability (BUT) was measured. Nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry, and eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme and albumin were analyzed in nasal lavage fluid (NAL). Results: The relocation resulted in an increase in the personal outdoor airflow rate from 11 to 22 l/s. Indoor concentrations of terpenes were higher in the new building, and powdering of the new linoleum floor was observed. Measurements showed low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde, carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen dioxide, respirable dust, and microorganisms in the air of all buildings. The move resulted in an increased nasal patency and an increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL, after adjusting for changes in the control group. No changes were observed for nasal or ocular symptoms. A seasonal effect, with a decrease of ECP, was observed in the control group. Conclusion: A well-ventilated office building can be redecorated without any major ocular or nasal effects, or measurable increase of indoor air pollution if low-emitting building materials are selected. In agreement with previous evidence, the improved ventilation flow may explain the increase of nasal patency. The increase of ECP and lysozyme in NAL suggested an inflammatory effect in the new building. Since this building had increased ventilation flow, increased concentrations of terpenes, and powdering from the polish on the new linoleum floor, identification of causative agents was difficult. The hygiene measures did not give any evidence that emissions from the new type of solvent-free water-based paints or building dampness were responsible for the observed nasal effects. Considering the higher emissions of VOC reported from older types of water-based latex paints and solvent-based wall paints, the new type of solvent-free water-based paint seems to be a good choice from the hygiene point of view. Received: 21 December 1998 / Accepted: 20 June 1999     

布比卡因白蛋白微球的制备及药理学研究

目的制备盐酸布比卡因人血清白蛋白微球(Bupi-HSA-MS),并对其体内药动学、药效学及生物相容性进行评价。方法采用高压电场法制备布比卡因人血清白蛋白微球,采用改良的反相高效液相色谱法测定体内布比卡因血药浓度,以家兔为实验对象,以针刺疼痛反应圈直径大小评价其麻醉效果。结果药动学实验结果表明,注射剂组血药浓度达峰值时间短,浓度高,药物驻留时间短。微球组峰值浓度显著低于注射剂组并长时间维持低浓度。微球组MRT较对照组明显延长(P<0.01)。微球组皮下给药最大麻醉圈直径明显小于注射剂对照组(P<0.01),而微球组局麻持续时间较对照组明显延长(P<0.01)。结论高压电场法是一种简单、易行的白蛋白微球制备新方法。Bupi-HSA-MS兔皮下给药,药物扩散少,局部麻醉作用持续时间长,是一种安全长效的局部麻醉止痛新方法。     

血清前白蛋白测定在肝脏疾病中的意义

目的:探讨血清前白蛋白(PA)测定在不同肝病中的变化以及肝病时前白蛋白与其肝功能之间的关系。方法:应用免疫比浊法,在日立7150全自动生化分析仪对342例各种肝病进行PA测定及常规肝功能检测。结果:与正常人比较除轻度慢性乙肝(慢乙轻度)差异无显著性(P>0.05),其余肝病患者血清PA均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.01或P<0.005);各肝病间比较,肝硬化代偿期与肝癌及急性肝炎间差异无显著性(P>0.05),重度慢性乙肝(慢乙重度)与肝硬化失代偿期间差异有显著性(P<0.05),其余各肝病间差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01)。结论:血清PA不仅是肝细胞早期受损的敏感指标之一,也是鉴别不同肝病及肝病的不同阶段的有效指标。持别是联合ALT等其它常规肝功能结果,对急、慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌不同阶段的诊断、疗效观察和预后判断有较大意义     

脑脊液免疫球蛋白及白蛋白对脑膜炎的鉴别诊断意义

目的　分析脑脊液 (CSF)免疫球蛋白 (Ig)和白蛋白 (Alb)对病毒性脑膜炎 (VM )、结核性脑膜炎 (TM )、化脓性脑膜炎(PM )的鉴别诊断意义。方法　用速率散射比浊法测定VM 5 3例 ,TM 40例 ,PM 14例患者CSFIg和Alb的含量。结果　IgG、IgM和Alb在TM和PM中均显著高于VM组 (P <0 0 0 1) ,且以PM升高最明显 ,但TM和PM间 ,Alb及比值变化无显著性意义 ;与VM相比 ,TM以IgG变化最突出 ( 75 %) ,PM以IgM变化为显著 ( 78%) ;Alb在TM和PM升高比例最高 ( 10 0 %)。PM 14例中有 12例 ( 85 .7%)、TM 40例中仅 6例 ( 15 %)符合典型CSF常规和生化改变。如果把CSFAlb >3 0 0mg/L和IgG >61mg/L作为条件 ,则TM的诊断阳性率达 3 8/ 40 ( 95 %)。结论　TM和PM血脑屏障的破坏明显大于VM ,CSFIg和Alb的含量检测弥补了CSF常规分析的不足 ,有助于颅内感染的诊断和鉴别诊断