细针引导腰麻针径路的解剖特点与临床应用

目的：评价细针引导腰麻针穿刺径路的解剖特点与其临床应用效果。方法：经尿道微创腔镜手术30例,用9号穿刺针置于皮下引导,25GWhitacre腰穿针通过9号穿刺针孔进行蛛网膜下腔穿刺,成功后拔出内芯,可见脑脊液外流,注入0.5%布比卡因2～3ml退针,立即平卧位。观察病人麻醉平面、血压变化及麻醉效果。结果：穿刺操作简单,全部病例完成腰麻,麻醉效果好,一次腰麻能够完成手术。术后随访无任何异常。结论：掌握正确的解剖要领作细针引导下腰麻穿刺可降低病人的损伤,是一种可行、安全及有效的麻醉方法。     

引导管芯在更换经口气管导管的应用

目的 观察应用引导管芯做引导，更换经口气管内导管的临床效果。方法 随机选择26例已完成气管内插管的病人，将引导管芯插入气管导管内至隆突水平，并拔出气管导管；将欲更换的气管导管套在引导管芯外，在管芯引导下将气管导管插入气管内，完成换置；结果 全部病例均顺利完成更换导管，换管过程中病人氧合良好，术后未发生与更换导管相关并发症；结论 应用引导管芯更换气管内导管，方法安全，简便易行，可替代传统换管方法。     

Central mediation of the conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by harmaline

The assumption that drugs used as unconditioned stimuli in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) studies act centrally was tested by comparing the effects of systemic and intracerebral injections of harmaline hydrochloride (H) in 340 rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 5–20 mg/kg but not of 2.5 mg/kg H administered 5 min after 15-min saccharin (0.1%) drinking decreased saccharin-water preference in a two-choice retention test, performed 48 h later, from 55% to 20%. Since CTA was not diminished when H (10 mg/kg) was injected into rats anesthetised immediately after saccharin drinking by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), H (1.7–50 g) was administered intracerebrally to anesthetised rats fixed in the stereotaxic apparatus. Injection of 3–6 g H into the inferior olive elicited CTA comparable to that of systemic injection of 10 mg/kg H. Injections of 6 and 50 g H into cerebellum and bulbar reticular formation elicited weaker CTA while neocortical, hypothalamic and mesencephalic applications were ineffective. CTA could also be elicited when 50 g but not 6 g H was injected into the inferior olive 1 or 2 h after saccharin drinking. This delay-dependent effect and failure of non-contingent H administration to change saccharin preference indicates that the H-induced CTA is not contaminated by a non-specific increase in neophobia. It is concluded that H probably elicits CTA by activation of caudal bulbar structures, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and lateral reticular formation.     

Direct quantitation of antiseptic quaternary ammonium compounds by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry

The medicinally important quaternary ammonium salts benzyldimethyltetradecylammonium chloride (BDTA), cetylpyridinium chloride and benzethonium chloride, all afford, under fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometric conditions, abundant and persistent [M---Cl]⁺ species usefully amenable to quantitative analysis with the aid of thioglycerol as a liquid FAB matrix. The use of BDTA as an internal standard allowed a direct, precise and accurate determination of cetylpyridinium and benzethonium chlorides, either as pure samples or in dosage forms, in the concentration range 0.05–2 mg/ml.     

心脏彩色多普勒超声在高血压性心脏病诊断的应用效果观察

目的:分析在诊断高血压性心脏病时使用心脏彩色多普勒超声的价值,为患者提供更加精准的诊断手段。方法:选取2018年11月~2019年11月本院收治的高血压性心脏病患者100例,均实施心电图和心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,按检查方法分为心电图组和心脏彩色多普勒超声组。对比两组最终每种心脏病检查结果。结果:心脏彩色多普勒超声检查组每种心脏病检出率均显著高于心电图组,P<0.05。结论:临床上可以应用心脏彩色多普勒超声对疑似高血压性心脏病患者实施诊断,诊断准确率、疾病检出率较高,为患者后续治疗方案的制定提供了重要基础。     

三维及多平面重建CT技术在鼻部整形中的应用价值分析

目的:分析在鼻部整形中三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用价值。方法:选择2018年2月~2019年7月本院收治的60例行鼻部整形的患者进行分析,所有患者均开展三维及多平面重建CT技术检测,结合检查结果,开展相应的隆鼻手术。分析术后不良反应、患者满意度。术后6个月,在CT测量下,检测前后鼻部解剖数据。结果:在鼻部整形中,三维及多平面重建CT技术的应用,可以准确了解鼻部结构,如观察侧鼻骨、鼻部皮肤、鼻根等情况。术后评价,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后6个月,患者对鼻部整形满意度较高,术后与术后6个月患者鼻部满意度相比,无统计学意义,P>0.05。术后60例患者没有出现出血、切口感染等反应,同时也没有出现肋软骨外漏与倾斜等现象。经随访术后6个月发现1例患者的鼻背软骨出现轻度弯曲,但无明显表现,没有做特殊处理;其余患者,鼻部外形均表现为鼻尖挺拔、鼻背曲线流畅。结论:在鼻部整形中,应用三维及多平面重建CT技术,可以辅助提高隆鼻手术准确度,并在CT技术的引导下,准确植入自体肋软骨,可以为手术成功奠定基础,促使鼻唇与周围器官形态的协调性,进一步提高患者满意度。     

基于药症相应探讨历代本草治窍思路

目的：基于药症相应,探讨历代本草治窍思路,以指导临床辨治用药。方法：检索《中华医典》数据库中本草类的全部文献数据,涉及本草著作76部,涵盖汉至明清各时期具有代表性的存世的本草著作,收集整理其治窍的本草信息,依照《中药学》（第十一版）及2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》,对筛选纳入的本草进行性味归经统计分析,以治窍病机要素进行分类统计,提取各类本草的辨治论述内容。结果：在76部历代本草专著中,筛选出93味治窍本草。在治窍本草性味归经上,药性以温性为主,其次为寒性、平性等;药味以辛味为主,其次为苦味、甘味等;归经以肺经为主,其次为胃经、心经、肝经、脾经、肾经等。在以治窍病机要素本草分类中,可划分为风邪袭扰、浊阻气滞、水湿停滞、血瘀络阻、火热毒损、正虚寒凝六类病机要素。结论：治窍辨治用药以祛风散邪药、化浊行滞药、利水渗湿药、活血通络药、清热泻火药、补虚散寒药为主,且互相联合运用;祛邪通利、补虚泻实为治窍辨治主要特点,符合窍失空灵、邪阻正虚的生理功能紊乱状态。     

中医穴位贴敷结合孟鲁司特钠治疗支气管哮喘患儿临床疗效

目的：分析中医穴位贴敷结合孟鲁司特钠治疗支气管哮喘患儿的临床效果。方法：选取河南省中医院2019年8月至2022年2月收治的90例支气管哮喘患儿,采用信封法分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组患儿采取孟鲁司特钠治疗,观察组患儿在对照组上联合中医穴位贴敷,比较两组患儿治疗效果。结果：治疗后观察组患儿用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV1）、呼气峰值流速（PEF）均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后观察组患儿血清肿瘤坏死因子–α(TNF–α)、免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、降钙素原（PCT）水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;治疗后观察组患儿日间及夜间哮喘症状评分均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论：对支气管哮喘患儿采取中医穴位贴敷结合孟鲁司特钠可有效提高疗效,显著改善哮喘症状,改善血清学指标。     

腹腔镜手术与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝

目的探析腹腔镜与传统手术治疗小儿腹股沟斜疝的临床效果。方法集合本院2016年1月-2019年9月期间接收小儿腹股沟斜疝(年龄<13周岁)234例,以实际治疗术式来分组,传统手术组201例,腹腔镜组33例,对比组行传统手术,腹腔镜组予以腹腔镜手术治疗,对比两组术中失血量、住院时间、初次下床活动时间、术后禁食时长、治疗费用,统计术后并发症并行组间对比。结果此次研究显示腹腔镜组术中失血量更少、术后禁食时长及初次下床活动时间更短(P<0.05),住院时间及、治疗费用组间对照中,腹腔镜组住院时间显著更短但治疗费用显著更高(P<0.05),术后并发症统计显示,腹腔镜组并发症发生率显著更低(P<0.05)。结论在小儿腹股沟斜疝治疗中腹腔镜手术虽费用较高,但患儿术后并发症更少,恢复更快,可优先选用。     

Mobile Application for Promoting Gluten-Free Diet Self-Management in Adolescents with Celiac Disease: Proof-of-Concept Study

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic disease treated by maintaining and managing a lifelong restrictive gluten-free diet. The purpose of this study was to develop a mobile application, Plan My C-Day, to promote self-management skills among youth with CD during adolescence—a time when decreased adherence often occurs—and examine its usability among adolescents with CD. Plan My C-Day contains three simulations of activities involving eating out and actions to take when preparing for these events. It was developed and pilot tested by 13 adolescents with CD. Application use and user perception data were collected and analyzed. Participants chose 160 actions within the simulations. For over 75% of participants, the time to complete the simulation decreased from the first to the third (last) simulation by an average of 50%. The average reported usability perception was 3.71 on a scale of 1 to 5, with system ease of use and ease of learning obtaining the highest scores. This study demonstrated that the Plan My C-Day mobile application’s self-management content, features, and functions operated well and that the simulations were easy to understand and complete. Further development will include the option to add self-created activities and adaptation to different languages and cultures.