Urinary endometriosis: MR Imaging appearance with surgical and histological correlations

ObjectivesThe goals of the study were to describe the MR imaging features of endometriosis of the urinary tract and identify those that suggest intrinsic involvement of ureteric wall.Materials and methodsThirty-five women with proven urinary tract endometriosis and who had preoperative MR imaging between 2001 and 2011 were included retrospectively. MR images were intrepreted by one junior and one senior radiologists. To characterize the intrinsic parietal involvement, the ureteric circumference involved by the lesion of endometriosis was noted.ResultsThirty-eight ureteric and 13 bladder lesions were analyzed. They were found in association in nine women. Ureteric lesions were bilateral in seven women. Of the 38 ureteric lesions, 27 were extrinsic and 11 intrinsic at histopathological analysis. Sixteen women with extrinsic lesions and 10 with intrinsic ones were correctly identified on MR imaging. When the ureter was included less than 360° in the lesion, extrinsic involvement was confirmed in 80% of cases.ConclusionMR imaging appears to be more sensitive (91%vs 82%) but less specific (59% vs 67%) than surgery for the diagnosis of intrinsic form of ureteric location.     

Urinary tract infections in pregnancy: old and new unresolved diagnostic and therapeutic problems

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in pregnant women and pose a great therapeutic challenge, since the risk of serious complications in both the mother and her child is high. Pregnancy is a state associated with physiological, structural and functional urinary tract changes which promote ascending infections from the urethra. Unlike the general population, all pregnant women should be screened for bacteriuria with urine culture, and asymptomatic bacteriuria must be treated in every case that is diagnosed, as it is an important risk factor for pyelonephritis in this population. The antibiotic chosen should have a good maternal and fetal safety profile. In this paper, current principles of diagnosis and management of UTI in pregnancy are reviewed, and the main problems and controversies are identified and discussed.     

IgA肾病合并急性肾盂肾炎

46岁女性患者,临床表现为寒战、发热、腰痛、尿频、尿急、尿痛,解茶色小便,伴血清肌酐升高,实验室检查发现尿白细胞阳性,中段尿培养大肠埃希菌阳性。经抗感染治疗后症状明显缓解,但仍存在较多蛋白尿和镜下血尿,肾活检组织学为IgA肾病,伴肾小管间质性肾炎,结合临床,考虑IgA肾病合并肾盂肾炎。     

The Use of Ultrasonography in Evaluating Adults with Febrile Urinary Tract Infection

Background.?Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease. Controversy exists about the role of radiological evaluation in the patient with urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods.?From 04 2001 to 12 2001, patients with febrile UTI admitted to Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi were prospectively evaluated by ultrasonography. The inclusion criteria of febrile UTI was a body temperature of more than 38°C with a bacterial count of 10³ or more per mL in a freshly voided midstream or catheterized urine. Results.?A total of 94 patients were evaluated and all patients recovered. Major abnormal sonograms were present in 17 (18%) of the patients. A history of urolithiasis and a duration of fever ≥ 3 days after admission were statistically significant clinical parameters in predicting major abnormal sonogram. Although diabetes mellitus was not statistically significant in predicting major abnormal sonogram, diabetic patients had 2.5 times the likelihood of major structural abnormalities than nondiabetic patients. Conclusion.?Ultrasonographic study of patients with febrile UTI should be limited only to those with a duration of fever ≥ 3 days and a history of urolithiasis. Ultrasonographic study should also be considered in febrile UTI patients with diabetes mellitus     

宁泌泰胶囊联合头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠治疗急性肾盂肾炎的临床研究

目的探讨宁泌泰胶囊联合注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠治疗急性肾盂肾炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年2月—2016年2月武汉市黄陂区人民医院收治的急性肾盂肾炎患者84例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组,每组各42例。对照组静脉滴注注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠,1.5 g加入到生理盐水100 m L中,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服宁泌泰胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d。两组患者连续治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的肾功能和肾间质纤维化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别为76.19%、92.86%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)和微量白蛋白(MAU)水平均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平均显著下降,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组这些观察指标明显低于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宁泌泰胶囊联合注射用头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠具有较好的临床疗效,能明显改善患者肾功能,降低肾间质纤维化,具有一定的临床推广价值。     

健脾益肾清热利湿方辅助治疗急性肾盂肾炎的疗效观察

目的：观察健脾益肾清热利湿方辅助治疗急性肾盂肾炎的临床疗效。方法将52例急性肾盂肾炎患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各26例。对照组给予抗生素治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上给予健脾益肾清热利湿方辅助治疗,两组疗程均为2周。观察两组治疗前后主要临床症状、体征的变化。结果在疗效方面,治疗组总有效率为96.2%,对照组总有效率为80.8%,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）;在发热、腰痛、尿路刺激征消除时间方面治疗组明显快于对照组（P<0.01）。结论健脾益肾清热利湿方辅助治疗急性肾盂肾炎效果显著,可明显改善患者的临床症状,并可缩短临床症状的消除时间,能提高治疗的有效率。     

杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎的疗效观察

目的探讨杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎的临床效果。方法选取日照市妇幼保健院在2015年12月—2016年12月收治的慢性肾盂肾炎患者141例,随机分成对照组(70例)和治疗组(71例)。对照组患者口服盐酸环丙沙星片,1片/1次,3次/d;治疗组在对照组的基础上口服杞菊地黄丸,8丸/次,3次/d。所有患者均经过规律治疗4周。观察两组患者临床疗效,比较治疗前后两组患者主要症状积分、肾功能指标和不良反应情况。结果治疗后,对照组患者临床总有效率为85.71%明显低于治疗组的98.59%,停药半年内对照组和治疗组的重新感染率分别为12.86%、2.82%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组主要症状积分明显降低(P0.05);且治疗组积分明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清肌酐、血尿素氮和尿微量白蛋白水平均显著降低(P0.05);且治疗组患者肾功能指标水平明显低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间,治疗组患者不良反应发生率为4.23%,明显低于对照组患者的17.14%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论杞菊地黄丸联合环丙沙星治疗慢性肾盂肾炎疗效显著,可降低停药半年内重新感染率,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

急性肾盂肾炎应用左氧氟沙星的临床干预效果分析

目的：观察急性肾盂肾炎应用左氧氟沙星的临床干预效果。方法将我院2010年4月~2013年11月确诊并收治的110例急性肾盂肾炎患者随机分为临床组和参照组各55例。临床组应用左氧氟沙星静脉滴注进而口服治疗,参照组应用氨苄青霉素静脉滴注治疗进而用磺胺甲恶唑口服治疗。比照两组症状体征消失时间、临床疗效及治疗时间。结果两组用药完成后,症状体征逐渐改善,临床组其症状体征消失速度均显著好于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。临床组总有效率为98.18%,参照组为96.36%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。但临床组其平均治疗时长显著低于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。临床组1例发生恶心、呕吐,1例头晕,1例皮肤瘙痒;参照组4例发生恶心、呕吐。两组相比不良反应率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论急性肾盂肾炎应用左氧氟沙星疗效确切,迅速缓解症状体征、疗程短、安全性好。     

Urinary tract infections in children

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection that can affect infants and children. The severity of illness depends on microbial virulence and host susceptibility.It has a number of different ways to manifest itself clinically ranging from a mild cystitis to a presentation with systemic symptoms such as a nonspecific fever, vomiting, failure to thrive or irritability or with significant dehydration and electrolyte imbalance which can be seen in infants in the first 3 months of life. It is therefore a ubiquitous differential diagnosis in many children presenting both in primary care and in the hospital setting.In most children urinary infections are isolated acute infections from which they recover quickly. In a small minority of children urinary infections can be associated with underlying significant pathology: either they are associated with congenital renal tract malformations such as renal dysplasia and/or hydronephrosis or if they have recurrent infections this may lead to renal scarring, particularly if the infections are associated with systemic symptoms.