Intrapleural analgesia in a child with a mediastinal tumour

A case is presented of an eight-year-old child with a mediastinal tumour, who had developed acute renal failure following the institution of steroid therapy. Intrapleural analgesia was successfully used for the insertion of a peritoneal dialysis catheter so that the considerable risks of general anaesthesia were avoided. Subsequent dialysis allowed chemotherapy to commence and, as a result of the shrinkage in tumour size, general anaesthesia was administered safely two days later. The purpose of this report is to highlight the use of intrapleural analgesia in children as an alternative to general anaesthesia, when the latter is contraindicated. The mechanism of action of intra-pleural analgesia and the risks of anaesthesia in the presence of a mediastinal tumour are discussed.     

The Relationship of Diastereomer Hydrolysis Kinetics to Shelf-Life Predictions for Cefuroxime Axetil

Cefuroxime axetil, an ester prodrug of cefuroxime, is comprised of a 50:50 mixture of diastereomers A and B. The first-order hydrolysis kinetics of cefuroxime axetil were investigated as a function of pH, temperature, buffers, and ionic strength. Chromatographically identified hydrolysis products were cefuroxime, ²-cefuroxime axetil, and ,-sulfoxides. Buffer catalysis was observed in acetate and phosphate buffers. No significant kinetic effect was observed for ionic strength in the range µ = 0.1-1.0. The pH–rate profiles for hydrolysis of cefuroxime axetil isomeric mixture were obtained at 45, 35, and 25°C. The equation defining the cefuroxime axetil hydrolysis rate constant as a function of pH was k _obs = k _H(a _H) + k _s + k _OH(K _w/a _H), exhibiting maximal stability in the pH range 3.5 to 5.5. The predicted profile at 5°C was in excellent agreement with experimental data in the pH range 3.6 to 5.5. In the pH range 1 to 9, the maximum difference observed for individual hydrolysis constants of isomers was 27%. Shelf-life estimates based on the hydrolysis rate constants for cefuroxime axetil as an isomeric mixture were shown to be equivalent to those based on individual hydrolysis rate constants for isomers A and B.     

紫草大黄合剂对四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的观察

目的：观察不同浓度的紫草大黄合剂对四氯化碳（CCl4）致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用腹腔注射CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤为模型，测定高低剂量的紫草大黄合剂对肝损伤ALT、AST值，同时对肝组织进行病理组织检查。结果：高剂量紫草大黄合剂同联苯双酯一样能够明显降低CCl4致小鼠肝损伤血清ALT、AST值升高（P＜0．01），减轻CCl4对肝脏细胞的病理损伤。结论：紫草大黄合剂对CCl4致急性肝损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

薄层扫描法测定清热逐风合剂中大黄素的含量

目的：采用薄层扫描法对清热逐风合剂中的大黄素进行含量测定。方法：样品经过适当提取后点于硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯－乙酸乙酯－冰醋酸（15：5：0．3）为展开剂，紫外灯365nm定位，检测波长λS-280nm,λR=340nm。结果：平均回收率为97．86％，RSD为2．52％。结论：此方法简便、灵敏、准确，可用于该制剂质量控制。     

抑胰合剂治疗急性出血坏死性胰腺炎作用机理的实验研究

目的 :探讨抑胰合剂治疗急性出血性坏死性胰腺炎 (AHNP)的作用机理。方法 :36只大鼠随机分成对照组、模型组、治疗组。模型组、治疗组以牛磺胆酸钠胰腺被膜下注射法制作 AHNP模型。治疗组予抑胰合剂 ,均观察 10日。观察大鼠生存率、血清淀粉酶 (AMY)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、丙二醛 (MDA)的含量变化 ,胰腺组织病理学改变。结果 :治疗组大鼠生存率、血清 AMY、MDA、胰腺组织病理损害程度均低于模型组 ,而 SOD高于模型组。结论 :抑胰合剂可治疗 AHNP,其作用机理可能是通过改善微循环、抑制胰酶活性、清除氧自由基等环节而实现的。     

中西医结合治疗母婴血型不合50例疗效观察

目的:观察中西医结合治疗母婴ABO血型不合的临床疗效。方法:将80例患者随机分为2组。对照组30例以维生素C、维生素E治疗;治疗组50例在对照组治疗基础上配合中药煎剂茵芪合剂(药用茵陈、黄芪、栀子、黄芩、白术、续断等)治疗。结果:治疗组治愈37例,好转12例,无效1例,新生儿黄疸未发生,治愈率74.00％,总有效率98.00％。对照组治愈7例,好转13例,无效10例,新生儿黄疸发生4例,治愈率23.33％,总有效率66.67％。治疗组治愈率、总有效率明显高于对照组,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。2组治疗后IgG抗A(抗B)抗体效价比值均明显下降。与治疗前比较,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:中西医结合治疗母婴ABO血型不合疗效显著,可有效防治新生儿ABO溶血病的发生。     

痛风汤剂益肾养肝合剂治疗痛风性肾病33例临床观察

目的: 探讨痛风汤剂与益肾养肝合剂同用治疗痛风性肾病的临床疗效.方法: 将痛风性肾病患者58例分为两组,治疗组33例予痛风汤剂加益肾养肝合剂治疗,对照组25例只予痛风汤剂治疗.观察两组治疗前后血尿酸,肾功能,血、尿β2-微球蛋白指标的变化.结果: 治疗组在改善临床症状、肾功能,降低血尿酸、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)方面均优于对照组.结论: 对痛风性肾病患者的治疗,痛风汤剂与益肾养肝合剂同用扶正祛邪的治疗方法较好,能够改善肾小管功能.     

比色法测定平喘合剂中总黄酮的含量

用比色法测定了平喘合剂中总黄酮的含量。以５０４ｎｍ波长处作定量信息，在１．８μｇ～９．４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内求得回归方程Ｃ＝０．０８０４６Ａ＋０．３６０５，相关系数γ＝０．９９９０，平均回收率达９５．０％（ｎ＝３），ＲＳＤ＝５．９％。平喘合剂含总黄酮４．７５ｍｇ／ｍｌ。测定４批平喘合剂，结果基本一致。     

灯盏花治疗椎-基底动脉缺血性眩晕64例

灯盏花治疗椎－基底动脉缺血性眩晕６４例吕云利，傅学锋，姚向荣，廖军，路逵自１９９５年１１月～１９９６年７月，我们用云南灯盏花注射液治疗椎一基底动脉缺血性眩晕（ＶＢＩＶ），并与传统中药丹参注射液作对照观察，疗效满意，报告如下。临床资料诊断接文献（中风与...     

清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后痤疮临床研究

目的:观察清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后寻常痤疮的临床疗效及对患者性激素水平的影响。方法:将58例患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组26例,治疗组用清痤汤结合维胺酯治疗,对照组仅用维胺酯治疗,治疗后比较两组的临床疗效及血清T、E2水平变化。结果:治疗组临床有效率为93·75%,对照组为73·08%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);治疗组患者血清E2水平升高,与治疗前有显著性差异(P<0.05),而血清T水平与治疗前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:清痤汤联合维胺酯治疗女性青春期后寻常痤疮疗效显著,清痤汤对患者血清E2水平有调节作用。