拉莫三嗪对海人酸致癫大鼠血清S100β含量的影响

目的：建立海人酸致痫模型,用ELISA法检测致痫大鼠血清S100β含量的变化及拉莫三嗪对其含量的影响。方法：将72只28d龄的Wistar大鼠随机分为3组,生理盐水组24只,KA组24只,LTG组24只,KA组及LTG组大鼠分别在脑立体定位仪下于海马CA3区注射海人酸建立KA模型。LTG组在建立模型前12h进行LTG灌胃治疗2次,各组模型点燃成功后分别于6h、12h、24h、72h于右心室采血,ELISA法测定血清S100β含量值。结果：与生理盐水组比较KA组及LTG组血清S100β含量明显升高（P〈0.05）,但LTG组与KA组比较血清S100β含量无显著变化（P〉0.05）。结论：提示S100β与癫痫发作存在着密切的关系,LTG可能并不是通过降低致痫大鼠血清S100β含量而发挥抗癫痫作用。     

广西莪术的叶、根茎和块根中挥发油GC-MS对比分析

目的：对广西莪术叶中挥发油成分进行系统的分析,并与其传统的用药部位块根和根茎的挥发油成分对比,寻找广西莪术叶作为代替性药材的可能性,尽可能的扩大广西莪术的药用部位,提高广西莪术整株植物的经济效益。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,运用GC/MS方法比较叶与根茎,块根的化学成分及其各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从广西莪术叶中分离得到38个色谱峰,鉴定出26种成分。结论：首次从广西莪术叶中鉴定出26种挥发性成分,叶中所含成分与根茎、块根的差别较大,但也含有部分抗肿瘤成分。     

5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine neurotoxicity: Influence on the expression of α‐synuclein and ERp57 in cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whose etiology is still unclear in spite of extensive investigations. It has been hypothesized that 5‐S‐cysteinyldopamine (CysDA), a catechol‐thioether metabolite of dopamine (DA), could be an endogenous parkinsonian neurotoxin. To gain further insight into its role in the neurodegenerative process, both CD1 mice and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were treated with CysDA, and the data were compared with those obtained by the use of 6‐hydroxydopamine, a well‐known parkinsonian mimetic. Intrastriatal injection of CysDA in CD1 mice caused a long‐lasting depletion of DA, providing evidence of in vivo neurotoxicity of CysDA. Both in mice and in SH‐SY5Y cells, CysDA treatment induced extensive oxidative stress, as evidenced by protein carbonylation and glutathione depletion, and affected the expression of two proteins, α‐synuclein (α‐Syn) and ERp57, whose levels are modulated by oxidative insult. Real‐time PCR experiments support these findings, indicating an upregulation of both ERp57 and α‐Syn expression. α‐Syn aggregation was also found to be modulated by CysDA treatment. The present work provides a solid background sustaining the hypothesis that CysDA is involved in parkinsonian neurodegeneration by inducing extensive oxidative stress and protein aggregation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

A dual‐tracer study of extrastriatal 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine and 6‐[18F]‐fluoro‐l‐dopa Uptake in Parkinson's disease

6‐[¹⁸F]‐Fluoro‐l ‐dopa (FDOPA) has been widely used as a biomarker for catecholamine synthesis, storage, and metabolism—its intense uptake in the striatum, and fainter uptake in other brain regions, is correlated with the symptoms and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine (FMT), which also targets l ‐amino acid decarboxylase, has potential advantages over FDOPA as a radiotracer because it does not form catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) metabolites. The purpose of the present study was to compare the regional distribution of these radiotracers in the brains of PD patients. Fifteen Parkinson's patients were studied with FMT and FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) as well as high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI's were automatically parcellated into neuroanatomical regions of interest (ROIs) in Freesurfer ( http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ); region‐specific uptake rate constants (K_occ) were generated from coregistered PET using a Patlak graphical approach. The essential findings were as follows: (1) regional K_occ were highly correlated between the radiotracers and in agreement with a previous FDOPA studies that used different ROI selection techniques; (2) FMT K_occ were higher in extrastriatal regions of relatively large uptake such as amygdala, pallidum, brainstem, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and thalamus, whereas cortical K_occ were similar between radiotracers; (3) while subcortical uptake of both radiotracers was related to disease duration and severity, cortical uptake was not. These results suggest that FMT may have advantages for examining pathologic changes within allocortical loop structures, which may contribute to cognitive and emotional symptoms of PD. Synapse 68:325–331, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.