经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

肝段或肝叶切除术对肝内胆管结石再次手术效果的影响

目的对比不同术式对肝内胆管结石再次手术效果，探讨肝段或肝叶切除术的优势。 方法回顾性分析2011年8月至2014年8月收治的79例肝内胆管结石再次手术患者资料，依据术式不同分为肝段(叶)切除术组(甲组，n＝38)和非肝段(叶)切除术组(乙组，n＝41)两组。应用SPSS 19.0软件对所有临床数据进行统计学分析，手术相关指标等以( ±s)的形式表示，组间比较采用独立t检验；术后并发症发生情况及预后情况等计数资料以例(%)的形式表示，采用χ²检验；P<0.05差异有统计学意义。 结果两组患者术中出血量、手术时间及术后住院时间相比，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)；甲组患者的术后并发症发生率5.3%(2/38)显著低于乙组22.0%(9/41)(P<0.05)；甲组残留结石发生率、症状复发率2.6%(1/38)、 0(0/41)均显著低于乙组17.1%(7/41)、 12.2%(5/41)(P<0.05)，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)；但两组患者的病死率2.6%(1/38)和0(0/41)相比，差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论肝段(叶)切除术能够有效改善肝内胆管结石再次手术效果，值得推广。     

排气康复训练对腹腔镜胆囊切除术术后肋肩疼痛的改善作用

<正>腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)已成为胆囊切除的标准术式,腹腔镜手术较开放性手术创伤更小,术后并发症少,但随着病例基数的扩大,由其引发的肋、肩部疼痛在外科护理领域受到极大重视,这也是腹腔镜手术围手术期护理难点之一。文献报道,LC术后30%～40%的患者出现肋、肩部疼痛,多发生于术后4～6 h~([1])。因此为进一步改善腹腔镜手术患者术后躯体及生理舒适度,我院根据排     

HSIL全子宫切除术后感染相关因素分析

目的探讨HSIL全子宫切除术后感染的相关因素。方法选取2013年6月～2018年6月我院收治的经HSIL宫颈锥切术后病检为HSIL,切缘阴性或阳性,后行全子宫切除术后的患者39例为研究对象。根据宫颈锥切术距离全子宫切除时间进行分组。A组为从HSIL宫颈锥切术后全子宫切除的时间为锥切术后4周共13例、B组为锥切术后48h 13例、C组为锥切术后48h～7d 13例。每组收集患者的年龄、术前血常规、手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院天数等一般临床资料,分析HSIL全子宫切除术后感染相关因素。结果 A组感染发生率明显低于B组与C组,而C组略低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),三组患者的年龄、术前血常规白细胞计数、手术时间、术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);行单因素分析,结果显示行宫颈锥切术距子宫全切时间、术前阴道分泌物清洁程度、术后血常规白细胞 12×10~9/L、术后发热 38℃以及HPV分型皆对HSIL锥切术后感染有影响,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),而术后住院天数与感染间差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 HSIL患者全子宫切除术后感染受多种因素影响,其中宫颈锥切术距子宫全切时间影响较大,宫颈锥切术术后4周再行子宫全切术有利于降低感染的发生率,与此同时术前患者阴道分泌物的清洁程度以及HPV的感染类型皆可在一定程度上造成术后感染,应结合术后血常规中白细胞计数以及发热情况进行预防性抗生素治疗。     

瘢痕子宫二次剖宫产与非瘢痕子宫剖宫产产妇的临床治疗分析

目的总结瘢痕子宫二次剖宫产与非瘢痕子宫剖宫产产妇的临床治疗效果。方法研究对象为我院2016年3月至2018年9月收治的219例剖宫产产妇,其中109例为瘢痕子宫再次妊娠二次剖宫产产妇(A组),110例为非瘢痕子宫剖宫产产妇(B组),回顾分析两组剖宫产治疗的相关指标。结果 A组剖宫产常规手术指标、重症监护室(ICU)住院率指标均超过B组,组间差异对比显著(P <0.05),存在统计学意义;在并发症发生率方面,A组和B组差异明显,存在统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论瘢痕子宫二次剖宫产较非瘢痕子宫剖宫产手术风险更大,临床应重视剖宫产的适应证,严格控制剖宫产率。     

全髋关节置换术不同手术入路的研究进展

人工全髋关节置换术(THA)已在缓解患者痛苦、恢复关节功能、改善关节畸形等方面取得了一定成效。Berger等将微创技术首次应用于人工THA,如今微创技术在髋关节置换术中得以广泛应用。其相对传统人工THA而言具有更小的手术切口,更低的脱位率和更快速的康复。THA是现代医学最为成功的手术之一,包括髋关节直接前入路、髋关节后入路和慕尼黑骨外科入路等。文章主要对上述手术入路进行简要的综述。     

输尿管切缘冰冻切片分析在根治性膀胱切除术中的应用

肿瘤上尿路复发是根治性膀胱切除术的术后晚期并发症之一。术中冰冻切片分析(FSA)长期以来用于识别输尿管切缘是否存在肿瘤侵犯,并指导术中进行适当的远端输尿管切除,降低术后上尿路复发的风险,但术中输尿管切缘FSA的应用具有较大的争议。本文结合相关研究结果,分析了输尿管切缘FSA的主要争议和应用价值。