研究人员在实验鼠体内实现心肌再生

日本庆应义塾大学8月29日发表公报说，该校研究人员通过向患有心肌梗死的实验鼠心脏中植入基因，成功使心肌细胞再生。这一成果有助于开发在体内实现心肌细胞再生的心肌损伤新疗法。     

胃炎

<正>胃炎指的是任何病因引起的胃粘膜炎症,常伴有上皮损伤和细胞再生。胃粘膜对损害的反应涉及上皮损伤、粘膜炎症和上皮细胞再生等过程。某些病因引起的胃粘膜病变主要表现为上皮损伤和上皮细胞再生而胃粘膜炎症缺如或很轻,此种胃粘膜病变宜称为胃病,但     

腮腺主导管结扎及再通后腺泡凋亡与再生变化规律的研究

目的:研究大鼠腮腺主导管结扎及再通后腺泡凋亡与再生的变化规律。方法:通过对大鼠右侧腮腺主导管双重结扎14 d后再通,建立腮腺组织萎缩后再生模型。分别于主导管再通术后0、1、3、5、7、10、14和21 d获取腮腺组织标本,应用HE和AB-PAS染色观察腺体的组织学变化,免疫组织化学染色法检测腺泡中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase3)的表达。结果:组织学观察见:主导管结扎14 d后腺泡萎缩、消失,导管样结构增多,酶原颗粒消失;主导管再通术后,腺泡再生,导管样结构减少,酶原颗粒数目恢复正常。免疫组织化学染色分析结果示:在主导管结扎14 d后PCNA散在表达,主导管再通1 d后表达增加,5 d后达峰值,7 d后降低并趋于平稳;主导管结扎14 d及再通后Caspase3表达水平持续较低,且平稳。各实验组间PCNA表达差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而Caspase3表达差异无统计学意义。结论:腮腺主导管持续结扎14 d后再通,萎缩的腺泡可再生,形态及功能均可恢复正常水平,表明主导管持续结扎14 d对腺体组织造成的损伤完全可逆。     

感音神经性耳聋的细胞生物学研究现状

感音神经性聋是耳鼻喉科常见病、多发病之一 ,感音神经性聋的发病机制目前尚未明确 ,因其致病因素和临床表现形式的多样性 ,使得该类疾病目前仍无确切的治疗方法。近来 ,随着现代分子生物学、基因工程技术以及电子科技的发展 ,对感音神经性聋的治疗已出现一些有重要意义的进展     

PRP技术及其在美容医学领域中的应用

皮肤老化的主要原因在于皮肤各组织的细胞生长能力及活力减弱,真皮胶原纤维合成减少和弹力纤维变性,从而引起皮肤的皱纹、松弛及下垂等.随着再生医学的发展,如何通过自体细胞再生(autologous cell regeneration,ACR)以改善皮肤老化成为美容外科的研究热点.近年来,随着富含血小板血浆(platelet-rich plasma,PRP)技术在骨科、口腔及颌面外科领域里对创伤修复的应用,美容医学领域也逐渐开始应用PRP技术来促进局部组织或细胞的再生,以达到抗老化的目的[1-4].笔者现就PRP技术的产生及其近年来在美容外科领域中的应用综述如下.     

Optimal time for human umbilical cord blood cell transplantation in rats with myocardial infarction

Background Cell therapy for cardiac regeneration is still under investigation. To date there have been a limited number of studies describing the optimal time for cell injection. The present study aimed to examine the optimal time for human umbilical cord blood cells （HUCBCs） transplantation after myocardial infarction （MI）. Methods The animals underwent MI by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and received an intravenous injection of equal volumes of HUCBCs or phosphate buffered saline at days 1, 5, 10 and 30 after MI. HUCBCs were detected by immunostaining against human human leucocyte antigen （HLA）. Cardiac function, histological analysis and measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） were performed 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Results HUCBCs transplantation could improve cardiac function in rats that received transplantation at 5 and 10 days after MI. The best benefit was achieved in rats that received cells at 10-day after MI. Survival of engrafted HUCBCs, angiogenesis and VEGF expression were more obvious in the 10-day transplantation group than in the other transplantation groups. No evidence of cardiomyocyte regeneration was detected in any transplanted rats. Conclusions HUCBCs transplantation could improve cardiac function in rats that received HUCBCs at days 5 and 10 after MI with the optimal time for transplantation being 10 days post MI. Angiogenesis, but not cardiomyocyte regeneration, played a key role in the cardiac function improvement.     

生活贴士

食物防病新功效维生素A有助恢复听力实验证明,维生素A有促进内耳神经细胞再生的特殊功能。研究人员给实验动物喂食维生素A,其3天后即有听觉神经细胞再生,7天后听力明显回升。专家们由此建议,神经性耳聋患者可常吃田螺、牡蛎、鸡肝、胡萝卜等富含维生素A的食物。     

Platelet-activating factor in liver injury： A relational scope

The hepatocyte, the main cellular component of the liver, exhibits variable susceptibility to different types of injury induced by endogenous or exogenous factors. Hepatocellular dysfunction or death and regeneration are dependent upon the complicated interactions between numerous biologically active molecules. Plateletactivating factor (PAF) seems to play a pivotal role as the key mediator of liver injury in the clinical and experimental setting, as implied by the beneficial effects of its receptor antagonists. A comprehensive up-to-date overview of the specific functional and regulatory properties of PAF in conditions associated with liver injury is attempted in this review.     

心肌梗死时骨髓干细胞的动员

心肌梗死导致大量心肌细胞丢失，坏死组织由瘢痕替代，最终会导致心力衰竭，心脏细胞移植是一种有效的治疗手段，但移植细胞的来源一直未彻底解决，新的研究发现骨髓干细胞可分化为心肌细胞，并且骨髓干细胞经动员后可自行归巢于心梗后心肌缺血组织，骨髓干细胞动员有望成为治疗急性心肌梗死的有效方法。     

Cell apoptosis and regeneration of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization

AIM: To evaluate whether cell apoptosis and regeneration were existed in normal liver cells adjacent to carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). METHODS: Fifty rabbits with hepatic carcinoma were divided into 5 groups at random: group A (control group), groups B and C (TACE treatment groups), groups D and E (partial hepatectomy groups). There were 10 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in groups B-E were treated by transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and partial hepatectomy (PH) respectively. The changes of S-phase cell fraction (SPF), proliferation index (PI) and cell apoptosis in the normal liver tissue were determined with flow cytometry (FCM) after operations on the first and third days. We determined the mitosis index (MI) with histo-pathological method and the apoptosis index (AI) with TUNEL method at the same time. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours after operations, compared with control group, the rabbits in TACE group had much higher index of SPF, PI and MI (MI: t=4.89, P<0.001; SPF:t=5.27, P<0.001; PI: t=4.87, P<0.001). Moreover, the proliferation of liver cells in TACE group was much weaker than that of the cells treated by partial hepatectomy, and the differences were significant (MI: t=7.02, P<0.001; SPF: t=4.06, P<0.001; PI: t=2.70, P<0.05). Seventy-two h after operations, FCM showed a small sub-G1 peak in TACE group and PH group, compared with the control group, but there was no difference between them (t=0.41, P>0.05). TACE showed that AI in the treated rabbits was higher than that in control group (t=3.07, P<0.05), and there were no differences between TACE group and PH group, either (t=0.93, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cell apoptosis and regeneration exist in rabbit liver tissues after TACE in some degree, which may be associated with the selective embolization of iodised oil, chemotherapeutic drug and free radical damage.